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一般间作套种棉田效益较单作棉田提高3～4倍,如洋葱、大蒜、西瓜、马铃薯等与棉花间作套种,可较单作棉田每公顷增加经济效益4万～6万元.近年来在安阳市发展菜棉间作套种模式,年种植面积4000 hm2左右.
1菜棉间作套种的主要模式和种植规格
1.1洋葱、棉花套种.4-1式,80 cm一带.11月中旬移栽4行洋葱,行距17 cm,株距20 cm,每公顷25万株左右,预留空档30 cm.翌年4月中旬在预留空档上栽1行棉花,棉花株距18～25 cm,棉花与洋葱间距15 cm,6月上旬洋葱收获后,棉花为80cm等行距,每公顷5万～7万株.该模式每公顷皮棉产量1200～1500 kg,洋葱30～37.5 t,合计收入在10万元以上(按每千克皮棉17元、洋葱2.7元计算). 相似文献
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为探讨适宜长江流域棉区棉田间作栽培的模式,以增加棉花产量、改善纤维品质和获得更高的经济效益。比较了棉花间作大豆、棉花间作玉米和棉花间作甘薯三种模式的经济效益、棉花产量、纤维品质、干物质积累及叶面积指数的变化特点。结果表明:三种间作模式较单作棉花可增加纯收入,棉花产量和干物质积累量及单位面积成铃数均增加;马克隆值变优和断裂比强度提高;在棉花盛蕾期棉花叶面积指数三种模式均比对照提高,在棉花盛铃期及以后的棉花叶面积指数因模式不同而有差别。棉花间作甘薯和棉花间作大豆模式的籽棉产量较高、经济效益好,纤维品质较优,其生产优势较为明显,适宜在长江流域棉区推广。 相似文献
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杏棉间作复合系统中棉花生长及生产特性的研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以大田棉花为对照,与杏、棉间作下棉花的株高、LAI、产量及其构成因素进行比较研究。结果表明,杏、棉间作下棉花的株高和LAI相比对照均有不同程度的减小,且随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,其变化呈偏态分布趋势;间作下棉花的铃重、株铃数、有效果枝数和衣分相比对照均有一定的减少,各处理与对照间单株铃数和果枝数差异极显著,间作对产量性状的影响大小依次为:有效果枝数株铃数铃重衣分;间作减少了棉花的单位面积子棉产量和皮棉产量,各处理与对照间差异极显著;在杏、棉间作下试验的3个品种中鲁棉研28最为稳定。 相似文献
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为探索适于鲁西南气候条件的、效益最佳的短季棉种植模式,为当地大面积推广种植短季棉提供依据,从而提高鲁西南棉花的种植效益,稳定棉花种植面积,以单价转抗虫基因常规夏棉品种鲁棉532为研究对象,以蒜套棉（转抗虫基因中早熟杂交品种德棉998）作对照,设置蒜后直播和麦后直播2个处理,研究不同种植模式对当地棉花农艺性状、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明：长势方面,蒜套棉处理比短季棉直播处理略好;9月10日,短季棉直播处理的单株果枝数、结铃数、吐絮铃数均少于蒜套棉处理;蒜后直播、麦后直播模式的籽棉产量均低于蒜套棉模式,但两者用工均减少90.4个·hm－2,物化投入均减少792元·hm－2,纯收益分别增加3 775和1 775元·hm－2。综上,鲁西南蒜套棉种植模式下棉花产量较高,能最大限度地发挥土地潜力,但用工较多,物化投入大;短季棉直播可明显减少管理用工,降低植棉物化投入,使纯收益明显提高。 相似文献
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为明确地上与地下部种间相互作用对作物光合特性的影响,通过设置三种不同隔根方式,研究不同根系分隔、不同边行对花生及棉花功能叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率的影响。结果表明:花生/棉花间作降低了花生功能叶片叶绿素含量,且越靠近棉花行降低越多。在生育后期,与单作相比,间作花生的叶绿素含量降低4.62%～7.71%,尼龙网隔根与塑料布隔根处理较无隔根处理分别降低4.36%、3.24%;花生/棉花间作增加了棉花功能叶片SPAD值,越靠近花生行增加越多,隔根降低了棉花叶片叶绿素SPAD值。与单作相比,间作花生的净光合速率降低了5.39%～10.12%,尼龙网与塑料布隔根处理的花生净光合速率与无隔根处理相比分别降低1.18%～5.00%、1.02%～3.36%,各处理表现为单作花生(hd)花生间作不隔根(w)间作塑料布隔根(s)间作尼龙网隔根(n)。各处理内部各行随着遮荫程度的减小,净光合速率增加,表现为边1行边2行边3行。间作增加了棉花功能叶净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,降低了胞间CO2浓度,间作棉花的净光合速率较单作增加24.42%～51.93%。塑料布隔根处理消除了花生和棉花根系的相互作用,间作棉花的净光合速率略有降低,但仍高于单作,与不隔根处理相比降低了14.67%～17.55%,各处理表现为间作不隔根(w)间作尼龙网隔根(n)间作塑料布隔根(s)单作棉花(md)。间作不同隔根处理间具有明显的边行优势,表现为边1行边2行,且根系间的相互作用有利于提高作物的光合能力。 相似文献
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采用整体挖掘冲洗法和图像扫描分析方法,研究瓜棉套作模式下棉花根系在水平0～40 cm、垂直0～80 cm土壤范围内的动态分布及根系特征参数。结果表明,水平方向上,苗期根系主要分布在0～5 cm,蕾期在0～15 cm,花铃期至吐絮期在0～20 cm;垂直方向上,苗期根系主要分布在0～10 cm,蕾期在0～20 cm,花铃期在0～30 cm,吐絮期在0～40 cm。套作棉苗期和蕾期总根长和根表面积小于单作棉,至吐絮期超过单作棉;套作棉苗期和蕾期根总体积小于单作棉;套作棉蕾期和花铃期根系干物质质量小于单作棉。套作棉蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期根系干物质质量与茎粗呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献
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施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。 相似文献