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西藏饲草资源有限,牛羊生产性能低,特别是冬春季节,牛羊多处于半饥饿状态。提高西藏牛羊对饲草的利用率,是西藏牛羊养殖业的重要目标之一。本试验选用西藏农牧民最常用的燃料-牛粪灰,按一定的比例水浸提牛粪灰中的碱性物质和矿物质,再按一定的比例浸泡装入青稞秸秆的无纺布滤袋内,置入羊瘤胃内测定对主要物质的消失率。结果表明:牛粪灰中K+含量较高,达到(28.4594±1.6483)mg/g,Cu2+含量为(0.5492±0.0025)mg/g,同时含有大量的其他微量元素及CO32-盐和PO43-盐。经试验,当灰水比为0.88∶10时,pH值最高,达到10.18。用这一比例灰水浸提液浸泡填入青稞秸秆的滤袋48 h后,消化后再测定总养分、纯纤维素、NDF、ADF在瘤胃中的消失率,分别显著提高了4.45%、4.89%、6.95%和5.80%。由此可见,利用廉价的牛粪灰水浸提液浸泡秸秆能显著地提高纤维素在牛羊瘤胃中的利用率。 相似文献
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日粮不同纤维水平和精粗比对绒山羊瘤胃内中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消失率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用18只、2.5岁、体重25kg左右的安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊,用尼龙袋法测定了3个精粗比(30∶70、20∶80、10∶90)6个中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平(49%、52%、59%、55%、62%和65%)日粮中的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)2、4、6、8、12、24、48和72h的消失率。结果表明:NDF水平为52%时,绒山羊日粮中的NDF和ADF消失率较高。精粗比例为30∶70、20∶80和10∶90时,绒山羊日粮中的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消失率受影响不同,精粗比20∶80日粮组2～72hNDF和ADF消失率较高,其中2h和72h时NDF和ADF消失率明显高于30∶70和10∶90日粮组。由此可以得出,绒山羊配合饲料中纤维素水平为52%,精粗比例为20∶80较适宜。 相似文献
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本试验对9个饲草专用谷子品种分别在开花期、灌浆期和成熟期进行营养成分测定，综合分析不同品种营养成分差异以及不同时期营养物质变化规律，以期为饲草谷子选育和应用提供参考。结果显示：所有饲草谷子粗蛋白质含量均超过10%，且在开花期达到最高，其中饲草谷子2号粗蛋白质在开花期最高，达到15.45%。本试验大多数饲草谷子中性洗涤纤维含量在60%左右，酸性洗涤纤维为41.5%～31.9%，纤维素含量随着生育期延长而增高。饲草谷子的饲喂价值为111.83～84.38，以开花期最高，大多数品种总可消化养分也在开花期最高，平均值61.21%。饲用谷子微量元素含量丰富，Ca含量为0.46%～0.78%,P含量为0.39%～0.19%,Mg含量为0.42%～0.21%,K含量为4.09%～1.93%。相关分析表明，相对饲喂价值和总可消化养分、碳水化合物、脂肪呈极显著正相关，与酸性洗涤纤维以及中性洗涤纤维呈极显著负相关。通过分级评定，本研究的9个饲草谷子品种都满足三级的所有标准，饲草谷2号和饲草谷10号部分指标满足二级标准。综合分析饲草谷子的含水量、主要营养物质以及相对饲喂价值等指标，饲草谷在灌浆期末期到成熟初... 相似文献
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为探讨不同包被壁材在瘤胃中的稳定性及小肠释放性能,试验选用4只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管及十二指肠前端瘘管的健康崂山奶山羊去势公羊,分别测定中性羧甲基纤维素钠、单硬脂酸甘油酯、乙基纤维素、海藻酸钠、酸性羧甲基纤维素钠、乙酸纤维素、脂肪粉、聚乙二醇和血粉等9种包被壁材的人工唾液12 h消失率、瘤胃48 h降解率及小肠消失率。结果表明:脂肪粉不仅人工唾液及瘤胃降解率低,而且小肠消失率高,是最为理想的过瘤胃养分包被壁材;单硬脂酸甘油脂和血粉在人工唾液及瘤胃稳定性略差,用作包被壁材时应适当加大包被比例或增加包衣厚度;乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素瘤胃降解率和小肠消失率均较低,包被时应注意包衣厚度,防止由于包被过度而影响养分释放与吸收。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同微生物制剂及其组合处理对稻草在锦江黄牛瘤胃消失率影响,试验选用A、B和C3种微生物制剂及其组合对稻草进行微贮试验,设6个处理组和1个对照组,稻草微贮期为60 d.采用尼龙袋方法测定其在6、12、24、48和72h5个时间点稻草干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗蛋白(CP)在瘤胃消失率.结果表明:1)试验采用不同微生物制剂及其组合处理稻草,能提高稻草DM、OM、NDF、ADF和CP在瘤胃中消失率；2)从单一制剂来看,C制剂处理稻草DM、OM、NDF和ADF在瘤胃消失率最高,与对照组差异显著；3)A、B和C联合使用,4种组合对稻草DM、OM、NDF和ADF在瘤胃消失率差异不显著,以A+B组合的瘤胃消失率最好；稻草CP在瘤胃消失率与对照组相比差异显著；4)从瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成角度来看,以A和B2种制剂联合使用效果可能最佳. 相似文献
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饲用油菜的营养成分分析及其在山羊瘤胃降解特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在通过化学分析和瘤胃瘘管山羊动物模型研究饲用油菜的营养成分、瘤胃降解特性,为饲用油菜饲喂反刍动物提供营养参数。试验测定华油杂62油菜盛花期及结荚初期植株营养成分含量,并用3只装有永久瘤胃瘘管的波尔山羊测定饲用油菜的瘤胃降解率。结果表明:1)盛花期饲用油菜的粗蛋白质和总氨基酸含量分别达到17.30%、11.48%,显著高于结荚初期(P<0.05);两个生长期饲用油菜的粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。盛花期植株中硫甙含量为10.17 μmol·g-1、单宁含量为0.94%,均高于结荚初期。2)盛花期、结荚初期饲用油菜中干物质、粗蛋白质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率随消化时间的延长均逐渐升高;盛花期饲用油菜粗蛋白质的瘤胃降解率在72 h时达到84.70%;干物质的瘤胃降解率在0~24 h快速升高,48 h后稳定在67%左右;中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率上升速度较慢,72 h时分别为48.22%和45.78%。结荚初期饲用油菜中干物质和有机物的瘤胃降解率在0~72 h均低于同时间点的盛花期。3)盛花期、结荚初期饲用油菜植株中各营养成分之间快速降解部分差异显著(P<0.05),粗蛋白质快速降解部分均为最高,分别达到64.06%和68.81%;粗蛋白质有效降解率显著高于其他营养成分(P<0.05),分别达到76.50%和75.13%。结论盛花期和结荚初期饲用油菜的主要营养成分含量和瘤胃降解率均较高,盛花期饲用油菜更易被山羊瘤胃消化。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2010,(13)
为了探讨各种饲料营养成分在肉牛瘤胃内的利用情况,对云南省肉牛常用的秸秆粗饲料、优质粗饲料、野生牧草和针对这些粗饲料特点设计的肉牛浓缩料、肉牛精料补充料进行营养价值和尼龙袋瘤胃动态降解率测定。结果表明:饲料干物质、有机物、粗蛋白在瘤胃内的消化速度在36h之后趋于平缓,而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的消化存在延搁期,消化在48h后趋于平缓,至72h各养分均接近最大消化率;饲料各营养成分瘤胃有效降解率与粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量之间均存在正相关关系,与中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素、粗纤维、纤维素和酸性洗涤纤维含量之间均存在负相关关系,可以根据养分含量大致预测饲料的瘤胃降解率;鲜草各种养分的瘤胃降解率最高;氨化能显著提高玉米秸秆的粗蛋白含量,还可以提高玉米秸秆中慢速降解部分的消化率和纤维物质的降解率;肉牛浓缩料和肉牛精料补充料可以提供较高比例的过瘤胃蛋白,适当补饲精料对肉牛增重有重要作用。 相似文献
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选择装有永久性瘘管体重(20±0.5)kg的雄性山羊4只,采用拉丁方设计和尼龙袋方法研究脲酶抑制剂乙酰氧肟酸(25mg/kg)、对苯二酚(40mg/kg)和丝兰皂甙(36mg/kg)对饲料养分在瘤胃48小时的消失率和挥发性脂肪酸浓度的影响。试验结果表明,对苯二酚和乙酰氧肟酸使饲粮干物质在瘤胃48小时消失率分别提高16.58%和13.87%(P<0.05),而丝兰皂甙的影响未达到显著水平。对苯二酚和乙酰氧肟酸使饲粮中性洗涤纤维瘤胃48小时消失率分别提高13.44%和9.36%(P<0.05),使酸性洗涤纤维的瘤胃消失率分别提高13.67%(P<0.05)和7.15%(P>0.05)。对苯二酚显著提高瘤胃乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的浓度,分别提高8.66%、18.1%和32.9%(P<0.05),而乙酰氧肟酸和丝兰皂甙对瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度的影响未达到显著水平。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献