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奶牛胎衣不下的病因探讨 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对牡丹江市三道畜牧场1994－1997年1021头次分娩母牛的配种、产房及兽医记录的统计、分析，调查结果表明该场四年来，年平均胎衣不下发病率为20．86％；夏秋（5－10月）产犊的胎衣不下发病率略高于冬春季（11－4月）。经产母牛的胎衣不下发病率极显著高于初产母牛。从第六胎起胎衣不下发病率明显增高，产双胎时胎衣不下发病率极显著高于产单胎的母牛，单产的胎衣不下发病率显著高于足月分娩母牛，单产死胎的胎衣不下发病率最高。产死胎时胎衣不下发病率显著高于产活犊的母牛。上胎胎衣不下的母牛再次分娩时的胎衣不下发病率，显著高于上胎胎衣自落的母牛。在原床位或运动场上分娩时胎衣不下发病率亦显著高于产房分娩的母牛。 相似文献
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近几年,规模化万头牧场全面兴起,单产不断提升,然而奶牛胎衣不下常有发生,本文旨在查明分娩奶牛胎衣不下的发病原因及规律,为防治奶牛胎衣不下制定有效的综合防治措施提供数据参考。本研究通过流行病学调查,对2022年11月—2023年10月一年间分娩的2 936头荷斯坦奶牛从分娩胎次、胎儿性别、单双胎、胎儿出生体重、产犊难易度等生产实际状况进行调查与统计,分析其与分娩母牛胎衣不下的关系。结果显示,二胎次奶牛产后胎衣不下的发病率最低,初次分娩的奶牛产后胎衣不下发病率高达24.41%,发病率最高;产公犊的奶牛胎衣不下发病率显著高于产母犊的奶牛（P<0.05）;产双胞胎的奶牛胎衣不下发病率显著高于产单胎的奶牛（P<0.05）;犊牛初生重<30kg时,奶牛胎衣不下发病率高于其他体重群体;在胎天数<260d的分娩奶牛胎衣不下发病率显著高于其他分娩奶牛（P<0.05）;自然分娩奶牛胎衣不下发病率显著低于助产奶牛（P<0.05）。综上,分娩胎次为二胎时,奶牛胎衣不下发病率最低,头胎发病率最高;产公牛犊,母畜怀有双胎,胎儿出生体重<30 kg、>36 kg,早产... 相似文献
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本调查对伊宁市郊区部分小规模牛场和养殖户饲养的奶牛进行跟踪记录,将一年内的奶牛胎衣不下情况进行统计分析.结果表明:奶牛胎衣不下的发生呈季节性,而产公犊的奶牛发病率略高于产母犊,并随着奶牛胎次的增加,奶牛患有胎衣不下的概率增高;产双胎的母牛胎衣不下的发病率明显高于产单胎的母牛,差异极显著(P＜0.01).怀孕过长或过短与正常怀孕时间的奶牛胎衣不下发病率有显著差异(P＜0.05).另外,本文结合生产实际对胎衣不下的治疗与预防措施做简要的介绍,以期为有效防治该病提供参考. 相似文献
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胎衣不下是奶牛见的产科病。据国外资料报道,正常产母牛的胎衣不下率为１１～３０％。我场１９９５～１９９６年正常产犊母牛的胎衣不下率为１７％。对胎衣不下的奶牛处理不当,易继发子宫肉膜炎,胎衣不下母牛的子宫内膜炎发病率有的达到８０％,因而容易造成奶牛多次输精不妊,空怀天数延长,部分因长期不妊最终而被淘汰。我场对胎衣不下的奶牛,根据不同情况采取不同的治疗方法,得到良好效果。９３头统一治疗的胎衣不下母牛和９３头胎衣正常脱落母牛的平均情期受胎率、空怀天数及受胎指数,对比差异不显著。胎衣不下母牛的平均情期受胎… 相似文献
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胎衣不下是母牛常见的产后疾病。母牛产后12～24h仍未见胎衣完全排出,即为胎衣不下。2010年8月以来,据笔者在乡镇畜牧兽医站统计,凉州区永昌镇以羊桐村、下源村、和寨村等重点养牛村农户饲养的9 300多头母牛产犊后,有1 674头发生了胎衣不下,发病率达18％,治愈率达92％,给农户养牛业造成了一定的经济损失。 相似文献
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母牛胎衣不下的发生、诊断和防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
正胎衣不下为牛的一种常见病,定义为产犊后12 h(如果为病理性胎衣不下时将这段时间延伸到24h)胎儿胎膜不分离。各研究人员报道的发病率有所差异,但一般为5%~10%。患病牛群,胎衣不下的发病率比正常的高得多。产犊的年份、产犊季节、母牛的差异、死胎以及产犊难度和胎位都会影响到发病率。1胎衣不下的影响日粮干物质摄入量下降;奶质和奶产量下降;产后子宫炎、子宫内膜炎和子宫积脓的发病率上 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献