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对91份不同产地扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum(L.)Gaertn)样品的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行研究。采用叶绿体cpDNAtrnT-trnL直接测序的方法和邻接法(NJ)对91份扁穗冰草样品进行遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。结果显示:物种水平上单倍型多样性(Hd)指数为0.608,核苷酸多样性(Pi)指数为0.00295;种群水平上Hd介于0~0.9722,Pi指数介于0~0.00749。分子方差分析表明,扁穗冰草大部分遗传变异(91.63%)发生在居群内,居群间的基因流(Nm=5.474)较高,群体内变异是扁穗冰草的主要变异来源;NJ树表明,受试的6个野生种群可分为4大类群。扁穗冰草的遗传多样性居群内遗传分化较大。 相似文献
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中国假俭草居群遗传多样性研究Ⅱ:三种等位酶证据 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
选择产自我国不同地域的6个假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack)居群,利用垂直平板丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了过氧化物同工酶(POD)、酯酶同工酶(EST)和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶(MDH)酶谱的9个等位酶位点.结果表明:中国假俭草的基因多样性为0.336,其中居群内为0.176,占总变异的52.4%,居群间为0.16,占总变异的47.6%;居群间遗传一致度为0.945～1.000,其中连云港和贵州2个居群间的遗传一致度明显低于其余4个;中国假俭草居群内的遗传多样性大于居群间遗传多样性,种内遗传差异很小. 相似文献
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蒙古冰草遗传多样性的等位酶分析 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术检测了内蒙古中东部地区蒙古冰草6个天然居群和2个栽培品种的遗传多样性和居群结构，12个酶位点的多态位点百分率为67.71%，基因多样性指数（He)为0.285，显示出了较高的遗传多样性，从遗传多样性的分布格局来看，8个居群的遗传分化系数Gsr=0.129，表明在总的遗传变异中，只有12.9%的变异存在于居群间，而87.1%的变异存在于居群内，同时，6个天然居群的总基因多样度（HT=0.439)和基因分化系数（GST=0.032)也大于2个栽培品种的相应值（HT=0.423,GST=0.010)。UPGMA聚类分析的结果表明，蒙古冰草居群间的遗传分化与生态环境因子间有着密切的相关性。 相似文献
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以小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)为研究对象,利用ISSR分子标记技术,对不同海拔梯度下小叶锦鸡儿6个居群遗传多样性进行分析。研究发现,8条ISSR扩增引物得到142条清晰的DNA条带,其中多态性条带为126条,多态位点百分率为88.73%。用POPGENE软件计算不同海拔梯度下各居群间和居群内的遗传参数,结果表明,Nei’s基因多样性为0.292 9,香农信息指数为0.441 7,表明在物种水平上小叶锦鸡儿居群具有较高的遗传多样性;低海拔区域居群的所有遗传多样性高于高海拔区域居群,表明海拔高度增加阻碍了居群间的基因交流,导致小叶锦鸡儿居群遗传多样性水平降低。 相似文献
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为评价新疆狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)资源的遗传多样性水平,以采自新疆不同地域的狗牙根与部分华南地区及国外的狗牙根为材料,用SSR标记开展遗传多样性研究.结果表明:20对引物共产生142个等位变异,平均每个位点7个,其中有124个等位变异显示多态性,多态位点百分率为87.86％,位点Nei's基因多样性(H)指数平均为0.4347;根据遗传一致性及遗传分化结果,106份狗牙根材料的遗传相似性系数值在0.43～1.0之间,平均0.715,居群间遗传分化系数为0.4119,表明有41.19％的变异存在于居群间,58.81％的变异存在于居群内,居群内的遗传分化大于居群间的遗传分化;根据UPGMA法聚类表明,106份供试材料相似系数为0.39时可聚为3类,材料间的遗传差异与其采集地的关系不很明显,但来自同一地区的材料较多地聚在一起,遗传背景较近,整体来看聚类结果与地理来源有一定的相关性. 相似文献
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青藏高原东南缘老芒麦自然居群遗传多样性的SRAP和SSR分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于SRAP和SSR分子标记分析了青藏高原东南缘8个老芒麦自然居群遗传变异及群体遗传结构,获得下述结果:1)16对SRAP引物在90个单株中共扩增出384条可统计条带,其中多态性条带334条,占86.98%;16个SSR位点共检测出等位变异221个,平均每个位点13.8个,其中具有多态性的位点数192个,占86.88%。2)2种分子标记检测到老芒麦居群水平的基因多样性(He)分别为0.1092和0.1296,而物种水平的基因多样性达0.2434和0.3732。3)基于2种标记的Nei氏遗传分化指数Gst(0.5525和0.5158)表明老芒麦居群出现了较大程度的遗传分化,居群间的基因流非常有限,分别为0.4050和0.4694,老芒麦的遗传变异主要分布在居群间,居群内变异相对较小,Shannon多样性指数和分子方差变异(AMOVA)分析显示了相似的结果。4)基于聚类分析结果表明各居群间存在较为明显的地理分化,8个居群分化为采集地范围内的南、北和中部3个分支。通过对老芒麦遗传多样性和遗传结构的分析提出了对该物种遗传多样性的保护策略。 相似文献
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利用SRAP标记对来自西藏境内的4个光核桃自然居群的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了分析和评价。选用20对引物对4个居群的70份材料进行扩增,检测到338个多态位点。在居群水平上,多态位点百分率为63.96%,Nei’s基因多样性和Shannon’s信息指数分别为0.194 3和0.295 5。在物种水平上,多态位点百分率为89.89%,Nei’s基因多样性和Shannon’s信息指数分别为0.246 0和0.383 9。居群间的遗传分化系数为0.170 9,居群间的基因流为1.213 0。UPGMA聚类图中,70个个体未按4个居群各自聚在一起。结果表明,光核桃遗传多样性水平较高,居群间遗传分化较小,居群间的基因交流程度较高。 相似文献
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《中国草地学报》2017,(1)
利用SSR分子标记技术对内蒙古高原自然分布的8个狭叶锦鸡儿居群遗传多样性及遗传结构进行分析,结果表明:14对SSR引物共扩增出156条带,其中多态性条带156条,多态位点百分数为100%;Shannon信息指数和Nei’s基因多样性分别为0.3436与0.2100;8个居群的基因多样性为0.2100,居群内基因多样度为0.1454,居群间基因分化系数为0.3074;居群间基因流为1.1264,居群间的遗传变异为30.88%,居群内部个体间的变异为69.12%(P0.001);UPGMA法聚类分析显示,以遗传相似系数(GI)0.93为阈值可将8个居群划分为4大类,Mantel检验表明,遗传距离与地理距离间无显著相关性;逐步回归分析表明,有效等位基因与平均气温显著相关(P0.05),相关系数为86.40%。以Nei’s基因多样性指数为因变量,可引入平均气温、10~20cm土壤全磷、20~30cm土壤全碳三个变量,解释率分别为90.20%、96.60%、95.50%;以Shannon多样性指数为因变量,可引入平均气温、10~20cm土壤全磷、20~30cm土壤全碳三个变量,解释率分别为90.00%、96.60%、99.70%;以多态位点百分数为因变量,可引入平均气温、10~20cm土壤全磷两个变量,解释率分别为96.60%、90.80%。 相似文献
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采用ISSR分子标记对10个歪头菜自然居群的104个样本进行遗传多样性分析,筛选的10条ISSR引物共扩增出115个位点,其中多态性位点110个。在物种水平上多态性比率(PPB)为95.65%,在居群内多态位点比率为24.35%~49.70%。POPGENE分析结果显示,物种水平上Nei’s 基因多样性(H)为0.2632,Shannon’s遗传多样性信息指数(I)为0.4046,基因流(Nm)为0.4553,基因分化度(Gst)为0.5283,AMOVA分析居群间遗传分化程度为50.51%。研究表明,10个采样点的歪头菜在物种水平上具有较高的遗传多样性,但在居群之间已经出现了一定程度的遗传分化,且居群间的遗传分化程度高于居群内的分化程度。同时,证明了环境压力大小对于遗传多样性的高低具有选择作用,环境压力小的烟台和环境压力大的合作地区具有较高的遗传多样性,但环境压力介于二者之间的地区遗传多样性水平相对较低。本研究结果不仅对于了解歪头菜遗传进化和其生长地的环境的关系具有重要的参考价值,对合理利用歪头菜遗传资源及育种还具有非常重要的作用。 相似文献
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新麦草遗传多样性等位酶分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用不连续系统的聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳(VPAGE)对新疆新麦草的5个天然居群和1个栽培种遗传多样性和居群结构进行了分析.测定的6个酶系统中,确定了9个等位酶位点,多态位点百分率平均值为90.48%,平均等位基因数为2.920 7,平均预期杂合值为0.542 7.总的基因多样性中,86%存在于居群内,14%来自居群间.聚类分析以遗传距离D=0.14为分界线将6份材料明显地分为2组.研究表明,新麦草具有丰富的遗传多样性,其多样性可能与生境、人工驯化、风媒异交等因素有关. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献