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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2019,(9)
对呼和浩特市周边患有奶牛乳房炎的50份奶样进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性评估及药敏试验,初步探讨奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的耐药特征,比较蒙药与抗生素的抗菌差异。试验结果显示:患有奶牛乳房炎的奶样检出金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占分离菌的37%;链球菌13株,占分离菌的27%;大肠杆菌17株,占分离菌的35%。药敏试验结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对青霉素、头孢噻吩、阿莫西林、克林霉素等药物不敏感,耐药率达到88%以上;而链球菌对青霉素及克林霉素、链霉素不敏感,耐药率达到84.6%以上,对环丙沙星、红霉素、四环素等中度敏感或不敏感。2种蒙药复方对奶牛常见致病菌的抑菌圈直径均大于15.56 mm。在奶牛乳房炎常见菌对青霉素类、头孢类、林可酰胺类药物产生一定的耐药性的情况下,2种蒙药复方对奶牛乳房炎常见菌具有良好的抗菌作用,无耐药性。 相似文献
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采集辽西地区5个城市的临床型奶牛乳房炎奶样89份,采用形态学观察和基因分析法进行了细菌的分离鉴定,结果显示优势病原菌依次为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌。应用生物梅里埃药敏试剂盒测定所分离的乳房炎主要病原菌对常用抗生素的药物敏感性,结果表明金黄色葡萄球菌敏感率较高的药物有米诺环素、呋喃妥因、喹奴普汀、克林霉素,而耐药率较高的药物有青霉素、苯唑西林、万古霉素、红霉素;大肠杆菌敏感率较高的药物有头孢西丁、替卡西林,而耐药率较高的药物依次为阿莫西林、头孢噻吩、环丙沙星、复方新诺明;无乳链球菌对氨苄西林、万古霉素、利福平、替考拉宁敏感率高达100%,四环素、链霉素次之,而对青霉素、环丙沙星耐药率较高;依据上述结果,青霉素和环丙沙星应为临床治疗奶牛乳房炎的淘汰药物。该结果为针对辽西地区防治奶牛乳房炎采取科学合理的防治措施提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
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青海省某奶牛场顽固性乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定与耐药性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《动物医学进展》2015,(12)
为了明确青海省某奶牛场顽固性乳房炎的病原菌,并制定有效的防控措施,本试验采用细菌分离、16SrDNA序列分析、细菌基因分型等方法对病牛乳样中的病原菌进行分离鉴定,并进行17种药物的敏感性试验。试验从15份乳样中分离到10株金黄色葡萄球菌、1株表皮葡萄球菌和2株化脓隐秘杆菌,其中10株金黄色葡萄球菌均为荚膜多糖5型分离株;所分离金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G、红霉素、头孢氨苄和呋喃妥因耐药率分别为100%、90%、10%和10%;表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素G、复方新诺明和甲氧苄氨嘧啶耐药,而对其他14种抗菌药物敏感;化脓隐秘杆菌对四环素和甲氧苄氨嘧啶耐药,对强力霉素和复方新诺明中度敏感,对其他13种抗菌药物敏感。该牛场顽固性乳房炎是多种病原菌混合感染所致,但以荚膜多糖5型金黄色葡萄球菌为主。不同的病原菌的药物敏感性不同,故而治疗困难,建议使用恩诺沙星治疗病牛并加强隐性乳房炎的筛查与防治,病情得到控制。 相似文献
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为了掌握湖南省内奶牛源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况,指导临床合理用药,抽取牛乳样品,通过对细菌的分离培养和纯化,采用基质辅助激光电离飞行时间质谱仪和全自动生化鉴定仪进行鉴定,并对分离菌株进行18种抗菌药物耐药性检测;结合耐药表型和mecA基因检测判定MRSA菌株。结果显示,2020-2021年从湖南地区257份牛乳样品中分离出金黄色葡萄球菌39株,89.74%的临床分离菌株表现为不同程度耐药,其中对青霉素耐药最为严重,耐药率达82.05%;对红霉素、克林霉素、替米考星、庆大霉素、头孢西丁耐药率在20%-35%之间;对多西环素及万古霉素绝对敏感,耐药率为0。38.46%分离菌株表现为多重耐药,以7重耐药最多。鉴定出19株MRSA,其中包含15株OS-MRSA和4株OR-MRSA。本研究可为湖南省内奶牛企业制定合理用药措施提供依据。 相似文献
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北京地区奶牛隐性乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解北京地区奶牛隐性乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及对常用药物的敏感性,用科玛嘉显色培养基和16SrRNA PCR检测方法对5个奶牛场的100份隐性乳房炎奶样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定,采用K-B纸片扩增法进行药敏试验。结果表明,显色培养基分离到24株疑似金黄色葡萄球菌,经16SrRNA PCR鉴定,15株为金黄色葡萄球菌;药敏试验结果显示,15株金黄色葡萄球菌均对β-内酰胺类中的氨苄西林产生普遍耐药性,对克林霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率较高,分别为53.33%和40%;对氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的耐药性较低,耐药率为6.67%。说明15株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对7类9种抗菌药物都有不同程度的耐药性。 相似文献
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为调查新疆石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌的药物敏感性状况,提高药物治疗效果,本试验通过细菌培养特性、染色特点、形态观察、生化试验鉴定出25株金黄色葡萄球菌并对其进行了耐药性分析。结果显示,25株金黄色葡萄球菌对阿莫西林、杆菌肽、复方新诺明的耐药率均在80%以上,对氟苯尼考和林可霉素却高度敏感,分别为100%和92%;耐药谱型表现为最多的菌株耐9种药物,最少的耐药3种。试验结果表明,该地区奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌对多种药物存在着严重的多重耐药情况。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(2)
金黄色葡萄球菌是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌之一,为调查引起新疆石河子地区规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及其对常用药物的敏感性,于石河子地区部分奶牛场采集85份临床型或隐性乳房炎奶牛的奶样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定及耐药性试验。结果表明:从85份奶样中分离到9种共计127株细菌,经选择性培养基培养、生化试验和16S rRNA PCR鉴定,其中60株为金黄色葡萄球菌,占47.24%;还有腐生葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌属、假单胞杆菌属、肠球菌属等。药敏试验结果表明:所有菌株对杆菌肽、青霉素、头孢氨苄和强力霉素高度耐药,耐药率分别为100%、71.67%、66.67%和76.67%;对氯霉素、氟苯尼考和阿米卡星的敏感率分别达80.00%、83.33%和66.67%;除此之外也有一些菌株对新霉素表现为既不明显耐药也不敏感现象。 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2020,(4)
旨在查明引起我国奶牛主要养殖区乳房炎的病原菌区系分布及流行株对抗生素的耐药情况,为提高奶牛乳房炎防控提供参考。对326份临床型乳房炎样品进行细菌的分离、鉴定,用药敏纸片法对检出率较高的5种病原菌进行抗生素敏感性检测。结果共分离出54种263株菌,奶样中细菌总检出率为84.36%,与奶牛乳房炎密切相关的病原菌19种共214株,病原菌检出率为81.37%。检出率较高的前5种病原菌分别是大肠杆菌(29.28%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(8.75%)、产色葡萄球菌(6.84%)、沙雷氏菌(4.56%)和屎肠球菌(2.66%)。药敏实验结果显示,大肠杆菌对氯霉素、氨苄西林和阿莫西林克拉维酸等耐药严重,耐药率为60%~100%;金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G、红霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率均为100%;沙雷氏菌和屎肠球菌的耐药谱基本一致;产色葡萄球菌对庆大霉素、红霉素、四环素和克林霉素等高度敏感,敏感率为67%~100%。说明乳房炎主要病原菌对临床上常用的抗生素均产生了不同程度的耐药性,临床给药时应交叉用药,并定期进行药物敏感性检测,减少耐药菌株的产生。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献