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《中国兽医杂志》2020,(5)
筛选对临床分离多重耐药猪大肠杆菌有抑菌、杀菌作用的中药,并分析部分中药的联合抑菌效果。选用标准菌株ATCC83707作为对照菌株,采用纸片法测定分离菌株对临床常用抗生素的敏感性。微量2倍稀释法和平板法测定各味中药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。微量棋盘稀释法测定2种中药的联合抑菌效果。结果表明,临床分离大肠杆菌对阿米卡星、庆大霉素、左氟沙星、青霉素G、链霉素、阿莫西林都耐药,仅对多黏菌素B呈现敏感。临床分离大肠杆菌对黄连等12味中药表现为中度敏感,对其他中药表现为不敏感;ATCC83707对黄连等10味中药中度敏感,对其他药物不敏感。黄连-芦荟、黄连-诃子、山楂-芦荟、山楂-诃子、山楂-诃子、芦荟-乌梅、诃子-白头翁等联合应用时,对临床分离大肠杆菌菌株呈现协同作用;黄连-山楂、黄连-乌梅、黄连-白头翁、山楂-香薷、芦荟-五味子、乌梅-香薷、乌梅-诃子、黄芩-诃子、诃子-五味子等联合应用时,对临床分离大肠杆菌菌株呈现相加作用;黄连-香薷、黄连-五味子等联合应用时,对临床分离大肠杆菌菌株呈现无关作用;其余药物联合应用时,对临床分离大肠杆菌菌株呈现拮抗作用。临床分离大肠杆菌对常用抗生素呈现了多药耐药趋势,但对中药仍然保持一定的敏感性;抗菌方面,中药之间存在着复杂的相互作用,部分中药间有协同作用,临床用药时须谨慎筛选。 相似文献
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为了研究20种中药对貉源绿脓杆菌地方流行株HBP-G1的体外抑菌活性,试验采用管碟法和试管二倍稀释法分别测定20种中药对貉源绿脓杆菌地方流行株HBP-G1的抑菌圈直径大小和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明:金银花、黄柏、板蓝根、诃子、五味子5种药物对貉源绿脓杆菌地方流行株HBP-G1体外抑菌效果好,抑菌圈直径在17. 4～19. 3 mm之间,MBC在7. 825～15. 65 mg/mL之间;其他药物存在不同程度的敏感性。说明此20种中药对貉源绿脓杆菌地方流行株有不同程度的抑菌活性。 相似文献
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14种中药及其组方对临床常见致病菌的抑菌作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
观察了诃子、黄连、黄芩、五味子、紫花地丁、金银花、栀子、柴胡、大黄、郁金、穿心莲、白头翁、陈皮、苦参等14味中药及其组方的水煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌等临床常见致病菌的体外抑菌作用,以及对鸡体内大肠杆菌-巴氏杆菌联合攻毒保护作用的差异。结果表明:诃子、五味子、黄连、黄芩、金银花、柴胡对大肠杆菌有明显抑制作用;黄连、黄芩、诃子、大黄、五味子、金银花对巴氏杆菌抑制作用较好;黄芩、大黄、诃子、黄连、五味子对金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌作用明显。由上述药物为主药组成的中药方剂(方1~方3)的体外抑菌作用弱于单味药,但对体内大剂量细菌攻毒的保护作用强于单味药,且以方1、方2作用更好。 相似文献
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为了研究乌梅、诃子等中药对貂源科氏葡萄球菌和缓慢葡萄球菌的体外抑菌作用,试验以科氏葡萄球菌和缓慢葡萄球菌临床分离菌株SC QHD-1和SL QHD-1为试验菌株,采用水提法提取中药有效成分,K-B纸片扩散法对分离菌株SC QHD-1和SL QHD-1进行16种抗生素的药敏试验。琼脂平板打孔法测定中药水提液对分离菌株SC QHD-1和SL QHD-1的抑菌圈直径,改良肉汤二倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),二倍肉汤棋盘稀释法检测中药联合抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果表明:分离菌株SC QHD-1和SL QHD-1均对环丙沙星、卡那霉素、土霉素、林可霉素、多西环素、复方新诺明、替米考星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、大观霉素耐药,耐药现象严重。五味子、乌梅、苏木体外抑菌效果较佳,MIC与MBC为1.9～31.3 mg/mL;五倍子和乌梅组合对临床分离菌株SC QHD-1表现为协同抑菌作用;黄芩和黄柏、五倍子和秦皮、乌梅和五倍子、艾叶和荆芥组合对临床分离菌株SL QHD-1表现为协同抑菌作用,女贞子和苏木组合对临床分离菌株SL QHD-1表现为相加抑菌作用。说明中药对貂源科氏葡萄球菌和缓慢葡萄球菌临床分离菌株具有一定程度的体外抑菌作用。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2019,(2)
为了分析20味中药对藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌地方流行株SCCD201712体外抑菌效果,试验采用水提法制备了中药药液,浓缩为1 g生药/mL;采用牛津杯法和微量二倍稀释法分别测定20味中药对藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌地方流行株体外抑菌圈直径和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),采用微量肉汤棋盘稀释法测定两种敏感中药组合的联用抑菌指数(FICI)。结果显示,藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌地方流行株SCCD201712对黄连、诃子、白头翁、五味子、五倍子5种药物高度敏感;其抑菌圈直径在16.3 mm～19.8 mm之间,MBC在15.65～31.25 mg/mL之间;诃子+黄连、诃子+白头翁2种中药组合具有协同作用,诃子+五倍子、五味子+黄连、五味子+白头翁3种中药组合具有相加作用,五味子+五倍子中药组合有拮抗作用。为中药防治藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌病提供研究基础。 相似文献
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《畜牧与饲料科学》2017,(8)
旨在评价乳酸链球菌素(nisin)与中药联合应用对禽致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果。采用二倍稀释法分别测定nisin、五味子、诃子、乌梅、枳壳、松针单独用药时对禽致病性大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),应用棋盘微量稀释法分别测定nisin与5味中药联合使用时对禽致病性大肠杆菌的MIC。结果表明,nisin单独使用时对禽源致病性大肠杆菌没有抑菌效果,五味子、诃子、乌梅的MIC均为62.5mg/m L,枳壳的MIC为125.0 mg/m L,松针的MIC为250.0 mg/m L;nisin与松针联合使用时无抑菌作用,与五味子联合使用时MIC分别为1.25 mg/m L和15.625 mg/m L,与诃子、枳壳、乌梅联合使用时MIC均为2.5 mg/m L(nisin)和31.25 mg/m L(中药)。综上提示,nisin与五味子、诃子、枳壳、乌梅联合应用时,可提高这4味中药的抑菌效果。 相似文献
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本试验旨在通过对山东某水貂养殖场送检的5只具有典型出血性肺炎症状的病死水貂进行细菌分离鉴定及耐药情况分析,为临床用药和治疗提供依据和参考。通过细菌分离纯化、生化鉴定和PCR方法对分离菌株进行鉴定,采用K-B药敏法检测分离菌株对常用药物的敏感性,并通过PCR方法检测分离菌株耐药基因的携带情况。经鉴定共分离得到5株绿脓杆菌,药物敏感性试验结果显示,5株绿脓杆菌对氟喹诺酮类药物、第3代和第4代头孢类药物较敏感,对氨基糖苷类、四环素、氯霉素、青霉素类、第1代和第2代头孢类药物耐药。耐药基因检测结果显示,5株绿脓杆菌共检测出6种耐药基因aadA1、aac(3')-Ⅱc、aac(6')-Ⅰb、tetA、tetK、cat2。且每株分离菌均检测出3种以上耐药基因。结果表明,分离的5株菌株均为绿脓杆菌,主要引起水貂出血性肺炎。分离菌株耐药性较严重,主要表现为多重耐药现象。菌株携带的耐药基因呈多样性,可引起菌株对相应药物产生耐药现象。 相似文献
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本文首次报道我国兽类绿脓杆菌的血清学研究。1986年在四川的成都、德阳、绵阳等10个地区,共采集11种动物的病料(脓肿,乳房炎病奶,痢便等)436份,分离得绿脓杆菌196株(44.95%)。其中奶牛和奶犊牛病料285份,分离得绿脓杆菌91株(31.9%)。肉牛、猪、鸡、鸭、兔、麝、熊、野禽、鹌鹑及鸡蛋等病料151份,共分离绿脓杆菌105株(69.5%)。对上述196株地方菌株用我国12型标准菌株制备的定型血清进行鉴定,有155株与12个血清型中的11个(除Ⅻ外)有一致的抗原性,其中以Ⅰ、Ⅷ和Ⅺ型居多。值得注意的是有41株不能和12型标准血清凝集,这些菌株是否属于新的血清型,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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河北省昌黎县某半滑舌鳎鱼养殖场于2022年6月中旬出现发病,为了从死亡半滑舌鳎腹水中分离优势感染菌,试验采用了细菌分离纯化、革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、16S rRNA序列分析进行病原鉴定,并采用纸片扩散法检测分离菌对22种抗生素的敏感性,琼脂扩散法检测分离菌对22种中药的抑菌效果。结果表明：分离菌在血琼脂培养基上培养可见光滑圆润、灰色凸起状,呈β溶血的菌落,革兰氏染色镜检为阴性小杆菌,生化特性与海藻希瓦氏菌生化特性符合率为96%,分离菌16S rRNA基因序列与GenBank中海藻希瓦氏菌同源性达98.94%;分离菌对头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、大观霉素敏感,对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、卡那霉素等13种抗生素耐药;中药五味子、乌梅、诃子对分离菌的抑菌作用较强,秦皮、黄柏、紫花地丁等11味中药无抑菌效果。说明分离菌为海藻希瓦氏菌,对抗生素头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、大观霉素和中药五味子、乌梅、诃子6种药物敏感。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献