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《海洋渔业》2017,(5)
研究了南极长城湾潮间带海绵共附生可培养细菌多样性及其疑似新种应用有利于放线菌生长的选择性培养基ISP2从长城湾海绵动物组织中分离出120株细菌,基于这些菌株的16S rRNA基因序列开展系统发育分析。结果显示,所分离菌株隶属于三个细菌门五大类群的11个目、22个属,表明长城湾海绵共附生细菌的种属分布较广、多样性非常高。其中红球菌Rhodococcus属占优势,另外包含α-变形菌纲Puniceibacterium属、放线菌门Aeromicrobium属、β-变形菌纲Limnobacter属等罕见种属。16S rRNA基因序列同源性比对分析表明,菌株HM145与Rhodococcus属模式种Rhodococcus qingshengii具有最高序列相似性97.0%,菌株HQ09与Puniceibacterium antarcticum有96.9%的最高相似性,为2株疑似新种,其分类地位和种水平上的分类学研究有待开展多相分类进行鉴定。 相似文献
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裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)是一种重要的大型褐藻,具有较高的经济和食用价值。藻类的附生微生物既能通过代谢产物调控宿主藻类的生长发育,特定条件下又可能导致病害。了解裙带菜附生微生物群落组成对研究裙带菜与附生微生物间的相互作用、种质资源的有效保存以及防治藻类病害等有重要意义。现有研究大多集中于海带和紫菜,关于裙带菜的附生微生物,特别是不同生活史的对比研究还很少。本研究通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序发现,裙带菜配子体和孢子体的附生细菌群落组成有明显差异,配子体样品中的细菌群落丰度和多样性均大于孢子体。配子体中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(66.67%)为第一优势菌门,其次为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(13.48%)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)(11.13%),α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)(34.58%)为第一优势菌纲,其次为γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)(31.01%);而孢子体中蓝细菌门(95.67%)占绝对优势,其次为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(1.65%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(1.48%)。裙带菜样品经18S rRNA基因测序检测出链形植物(Streptophyta)、纤毛虫门(Intramacronucleata)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、顶复亚门(Apicomplexa)、节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)、脊索动物门(Chordata)、腹毛动物门(Gastrotricha)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota),其中,担子菌门、子囊菌门和毛霉菌门属于真菌,孢子体的真核微生物群落丰度大于配子体。本研究确定了裙带菜配子体和孢子体附生微生物群落组成以及不同细菌和真核微生物的相对丰度,结果表明,2个世代之间存在显著差异,为后续研究藻类宿主与微生物之间的相互作用、提高海带目褐藻种质保存技术提供了基础的数据支持。 相似文献
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在前期研究发现星座短腹海鞘(Aplidium constellatum)脂溶性提取物具有降血脂功效的基础上,为深入了解该海鞘的生物学背景,开展了其共附生微生物的多样性研究,为进一步从该海鞘及相关共附生微生物中发现可能存在的降血脂活性次生代谢产物奠定基础。通过Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术,分析了星座短腹海鞘样品中共附生微生物的物种多样性和物种丰度信息。测序共获得37 911条序列,310个OTU;稀释曲线表明测序深度足够;多样性指数Simpson值为0.373,Shannon值为2.494。样品共附生细菌分属于24个门,优势门有变形菌门(Proteobacteria,78.86%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,6.01%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,4.67%)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria,2.62%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,1.79%)、柔膜菌门(Tenericutes,1.76%)、螺旋菌门(Spirochaetae,1.33%);分属于197个属,优势属有Ruegeria(60.83%)、SAR116_clade科下未知属(3.27%)、Rhodococcus(2.40%)、Cyanobacteria纲下未知属(2.26%)、Candidatus_Hepatoplasma(1.76%)、Pe M15目下未知属(1.61%)、Spirochaetaceae科下未分类属(1.33%)等10个。通过纯培养技术共分离获得15株可培养共附生菌,分属于8个属,分别为弧菌属Vibrio(7株)、希瓦氏菌属Shewanella(2株),以及Pseudomonas、Pseudovibrio、Thalassobius、Exiguobacterium、Flavobacterium、Thalassospira属各一株。本研究首次为星座短腹海鞘提供了准确的共附生微生物背景数据,为进一步开展活性次生代谢产物研究提供了丰富的微生物菌株材料;同时研究还提示该海鞘有水产病原菌感染,在开发利用过程中应格外关注水产病原菌的安全风险防控。 相似文献
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南极大磷虾0、5和20℃贮藏中的品质变化 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
以感官、细菌总数、嗜冷菌数、TVB-N和TMA-N为指标,探讨了南极大磷虾在0、5和20℃贮藏中的品质变化,结合三氯乙酸可溶性氮含量和细菌菌相的变化对南极大磷虾腐败作用进行了分析。结果表明,南极大磷虾品质下降很快,0℃和5℃温度下15 h后品质不可接受,20℃温度下8 h后品质不可接受。0、5和20℃贮藏中南极大磷虾细菌总数、嗜冷菌数、TVB-N、TMA-N都有增加,三氯乙酸可溶性氮含量变化明显,细菌菌相变化不大,表明0、5和20℃贮藏中南极大磷虾自溶迅速,酶对其腐败起主要作用。 相似文献
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饥饿及恢复喂食对花鲈肠道菌群多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究饥饿及恢复摄食对花鲈肠道壁及内容物微生物菌群的影响,实验运用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术分析了花鲈经2周饥饿,恢复喂食1周和恢复喂食2周后肠道壁及其内容物菌群特征及多样性的变化。结果显示:饥饿会导致花鲈肠道壁细菌群落发生明显变化,引起差异的主要细菌为T-RFs 496、437、450、155 bp等所代表菌;经2周饥饿,肠壁T-RF 496 bp大肠杆菌(Escherichia)相对丰度从实验开始的43.11%±3.95%(C0肠壁组)下降为21.25%±9.97%(S2R0肠壁组),细菌多样性指数H′、E′和1/D均增大;恢复喂食2周后,肠道壁菌群结构逐渐恢复,T-RF 496 bp大肠杆菌的相对丰度逐渐上升到55.49%±8.37%(S2R2组),3个多样性指数均减小至原有水平;花鲈肠道壁和内容物的菌群有较大不同,但是两者的主要细菌类群都是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其中,γ-变形菌纲是花鲈肠道的最主要细菌群。本研究为进一步阐述消化道微生物功能奠定了基础,也为海水鱼类肠道菌群研究提供基础数据。 相似文献
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海鞘共附生微生物是尚待关注的海洋微生物资源重要来源之一。本文研究了大洋纵列海鞘(Symplegma oceania)的一株共附生链霉菌Streptomyces sp. FDZ35-2的代谢产物,以探讨其主要代谢产物的结构类型和菌株的潜在药用价值。运用多种柱层析和HPLC等分离技术,从菌株甲醇提取物中分离鉴定2个主要的单体化合物;经LC-MS、1H-和13C-NMR等波谱学方法和文献数据对照,鉴定化合物结构分别为:9-甲基-β-咔啉-3-羧酸甲酯(1)和放线菌素D(2)。考虑放线菌素D生物合成可能利用培养基氮源中的氨基酸,本文还利用磷虾蛋白水解产物代替商品蛋白胨作为培养基氮源,对Streptomyces sp. FDZ35-2的发酵条件进行了初步研究,结果显示能产出更多种放线菌素D的结构类似物的发酵培养基为:磷虾蛋白水解产物2.0 g、葡萄糖2.0 g、硫酸铵1.0 g、碳酸钙0.5 g、氯化钠0.05 g、磷酸二氢钾0.05 g、海水1.0 L,p H 7.8~8.0。对比实验结果表明:与商品蛋白胨组相比,南极磷虾蛋白水解产物作为发酵培养基氮源所发酵产生的放线菌素D的结构类似物多样性更好,二者产生总放线菌素含量相当。这为开发南极磷虾蛋白在微生物发酵工业中的新用途提供了依据。 相似文献
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为探究接种传染性脾肾坏死病毒灭活疫苗对鳜肠道微生物的组成结构及相关功能基因的影响，对体质量(20±1.8) g的鳜进行腹腔注射传染性脾肾坏死病毒灭活疫苗，对照组注射等体积无菌生理盐水。对照组和免疫组放入用纱网隔开的同一池塘中养殖，28 d后每组各采集10尾肠道粪便样本，用高通量测序，构建文库。高通量测序共获得9669条序列，平均长度为543 bp。Alpha多样性分析结果显示，Chao1指数在对照组中更高，香农指数和辛普森指数在免疫组中更高，表明免疫后肠道微生物的多样性和丰度增加。在门水平上，对照组肠道微生物以变形菌门为优势菌门，相对丰度为72.23%;免疫组以变形菌门和衣原体门为优势菌门，相对丰度分别为28.57%和11.13%。在属水平上，对照组以气单胞菌属为主要优势属，相对丰度高达71.73%;免疫组以衣原体属和埃希氏杆菌属为主要优势属，相对丰度分别为11.57%和8.7%。免疫组与对照组相比，共筛选到9656个差异丰度基因，其中有840个基因高丰度，8816个基因低丰度。差异基因主要富集在双组分系统、ABC转运子、嘌呤代谢、群体感应、细菌趋药性、鞭毛组装和细菌分泌系统等通路，通... 相似文献
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为揭示产腹泻性贝类毒素(diarrheic shellfish poisoning,DSP)典型赤潮甲藻-利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima)PL11的共附生菌群多样性信息,通过Illumina MiSeq高通量测序分析了PL11的共附生菌群种类及相对丰度,并且对其可培养共附生菌株进行了选择性分离及其16S rRNA基因序列扩增与系统发育的分析。利玛原甲藻PL11高通量测序结果显示:样品共附生细菌包括5门,14纲,26目,38科及54属。其中优势门(>5%)为3个,包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria,75.5%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteriodetes,11.5%)以及浮霉菌门(Planctomycetex,8.5%);优势纲(>5%)为4个,包括α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,51.7%)、δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria,31.8%)、鞘脂杆菌纲(Sphingobacteria,9.9%)以及OM190纲(8.9%);优势属(>5%)为6个,侏囊菌科下未知属(norank Nannocystaceae,21.8%)、Pyruvatibacte属(11.6%)、Phaeodactylibacter属(9.4%)、生丝单胞菌科下未知属(norank Hyphomonadaceae,8.5%)、OM190纲下未知属(8.1%)以及Roseovarius属(7.9%)。从利玛原甲藻PL11培养物中分离获得可培养微生物菌株9株,分属于8个属,包括Ochrobactrum sp.(2株)及Microbacterium sp.、Algoriphagus sp.、Ponticoccus sp.、Hoeflea sp.、Labrenzia sp.、Sphingopyxis sp.、Erythrobacter sp.各1株。其中PL11-1为Ponticoccus属潜在新种。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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