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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(22)
为探讨微生物发酵对绞股蓝(GP)有效成分、肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响,将150只AA肉鸡随机分成6组,分别饲喂不同GP发酵液和微生态制剂(由YB1、YB18和JM6按1∶1∶1比例配制而成),按照1 kg兑水600 kg浓度饮水给药,具体分组:1组饲喂微生态制剂(11~28日龄);2组饲喂微生态制剂(11~15日龄,21~28日龄)和YB1+YB18+JM6+GP(酵GP)(6~10日龄,16~20日龄);3组饲喂YB1+YB18+GP(11~28日龄);4组饲喂JM6+GP(11~28日龄);5组饲喂未发酵GP;6组为空白对照组。试验采用益生菌对GP进行液体发酵,以GP发酵液饮水饲喂肉鸡,采用硫酸香草醛法测定GP发酵前后有效成分变化,并对肉鸡体重、成活率和血清γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平进行测定。结果表明:在不同时间点,GP发酵液中GP总皂苷含量均不同程度升高,在20日龄时,2,4组肉鸡体重显著高于对照组(P0.05);在28日龄时,2,3,5组肉鸡体重均显著高于对照组(P0.05);在36日龄时,1,2,3组肉鸡体重显著高于对照组(P0.05),2,3组肉鸡体重显著高于5组(P0.05);在40日龄时,2,3组肉鸡体重显著高于对照组(P0.05)。GP发酵液组肉鸡成活率和血清IFN-γ水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。说明微生物发酵能提升GP有效成分含量,是提升GP增强肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能效果的一种新方法。 相似文献
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为研究日粮中绞股蓝对三黄肉鸡抗氧化性能及细胞免疫功能的影响,选用150只1日龄三黄肉鸡,随机分为5个处理,每组30只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加10mg/kg盐酸左旋咪唑、0.5%、1%、2%绞股蓝。结果表明:日粮中添加绞股蓝对三黄肉鸡血清中IL-1、IL-4、TNF-α、TNF-γ细胞因子水平有不同程度提高(P0.05),其效果优于左旋咪唑组(P0.05);血清抗氧化能力有不同程度提高(P0.05),免疫器官指数显著提高(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加绞股蓝能一定程度上提高肉鸡血清抗氧化功能及机体免疫功能,且以1%添加组的作用效果最佳。 相似文献
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肺动脉压升高是肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征(PHS)的重要发病机制。近年来研究表明一氧化氮(NO)在PHS发生发展中发挥着重要作用。本文论述了NO对肉鸡PHS发病过程的影响。一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和NO活性在PHS早期升高而后期下降。NO具有强大的扩张血管的作用,但在PHS过程中,NO合成相对不足,导致肺血管舒缩失衡,引起肺动脉压升高。肺血管重构是肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的重要病理学变化特征,而NO可促进肺小动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡,在一定程度上抑制肺血管重构的形成。NO作为自由基对机体造成的损伤也是引起PHS的原因之一。在肉鸡日粮中补充NO前体物L-精氨酸可以增加内源性NO的生成,有助于降低PHS的发病率。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮添加万寿菊提取物对肉鸡血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫性能的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡192只,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.15%和0.60%的万寿菊提取物,即有效成分叶黄素含量分别为30和120 mg/kg,试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加0.60%万寿菊提取物使肉鸡血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著降低(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高(P0.05);2)0.15%和0.60%万寿菊提取物添加组肉鸡21和42日龄血清总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高(P0.05);3)0.60%万寿菊提取物添加组肉鸡21日龄胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊指数显著升高(P0.05),饲粮添加万寿菊提取物使肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G和白细胞介素2水平显著升高(P0.05),万寿菊提取物未对肉鸡42日龄免疫器官指数造成显著影响(P0.05)。综上,肉鸡饲粮中添加万寿菊提取物可以提高肉鸡机体的抗氧化能力和免疫性能,且对机体脂代谢有调节作用。 相似文献
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环境低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征(AS)发生过程中,肺血管发生明显重塑,并以肺动脉中膜增厚为主要特征。血管平滑肌细胞的数量将影响血管中膜的厚度[1]。故推测认为肉鸡肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖在肺血管重塑过程中起着重要作用。研究认为细胞内的Ca2 是重要的细胞内第二信使,在细胞增殖过程中起着重要的作用。维拉帕米作为一种钙通道阻滞剂,可抑制Ca2 内流,使细胞内Ca2 水平降低,对肉鸡AS的发生有明显的预防作用[2]。但有关维拉帕米对环境低温诱发肉鸡AS过程中肺动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖的作用,未见报道。增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nucle… 相似文献
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LI Xing CHEN Xiaolian ZHU Lihui WU Hongmei WANG Yafen XU Congcong GU Juan XU Jianxiong 《动物营养学报》2012,24(3)
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加硫辛酸对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响.将60只21日龄体重相近的黄羽肉鸡随机分为2组,即对照组和硫辛酸组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,硫辛酸组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg硫辛酸的试验饲粮,试验期30 d.结果表明,硫辛酸对黄羽肉鸡的生长性能无显著影响(P＞0.05)；在试验第15天时,硫辛酸可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性(P＜0.05)、降低一氧化氮含量(P＜0.05),促进脾脏的发育(P＜0.05),提高血清免疫球蛋白G含量(P＜0.01)；在试验第30天时,硫辛酸可以显著降低黄羽肉鸡血清丙二醛含量(P＜0.05)、提高抑制羟自由基的能力(P＜0.01),提高由伴刀豆球蛋白A和脂多糖刺激的外周血淋巴细胞转化率以及血清免疫球蛋白G含量(P＜0.05).由本试验可知,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg硫辛酸可以在一定程度上提高肉鸡抗氧化能力,增强其免疫功能. 相似文献
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静脉注射L-氨基胍对肉鸡肺动脉压及其相关指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
按常规饲养条件饲养AA雄性肉鸡120羽，30日龄时随机分为试验组（T组）和对照组（C组）。T组肉鸡静脉注射L-AG（40mg／kg），C组肉鸡静脉注射生理盐水。分别在注射L-AG和生理盐水1、2、4h后测定平均肺动脉压（mPAP）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活性、原生型一氧化氮舍酶（cNOS）活性、一氧化氮（NO）含量、红细胞压积（PCV）、电解质浓度、pH、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果显示：（1）试验组mPAP、NO含量和iNOS活性均显著或极显著低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；（2）PCV和Ca^2＋在给药后2h和4h与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）；（3）K^＋浓度在给药1h和2h后显著或极显著低于时照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结果表明，L-AG通过抑制iNOS活性，引起肉鸡肺动脉压的升高，从而推测iNOS具有调节肉鸡体内mPAP的作用并与肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征发生有着密切的联系。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献