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以AA肉鸡商品代为试验材料,公母各100只,在0、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄随机抽取公、母各8只,分别称量活重、腿肌重、胸肌重、全净膛重。分析7、14、21、28、35、42日龄AA肉鸡腿肌、胸肌的相对生长、累积生长、肌肉率,探讨肌肉的生长规律。结果表明,AA肉鸡公鸡在7、42日龄时腿肌重和胸肌重均极显著地高于母鸡(P<0.01);21日龄公鸡的腿肌重显著大于母鸡(P<0.05);其余公、母鸡间的差异均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。总体看AA肉鸡胸肌的生长强度大于腿肌。从腿肌的累积生长看,公、母鸡的差异主要在35～42日龄之间;而胸肌的累积生长显示公、母鸡间的不同主要在28～42日龄之间,而0～28日龄期间二者几乎重合。就公、母鸡肌肉率而言,二者的差别主要在42日龄时的腿肌率,公鸡高出母鸡3.01%。 相似文献
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《当代畜牧》2015,(30)
为了进行不同品种肉鸡免疫器官生长规律的比较与分析,笔者选择200只1日龄AA肉鸡,公母各半,200只1日龄肉杂鸡(科宝1500♂×海赛克斯♀),公母各半进行试验。试验鸡饲喂基础日粮,常规饲养。在7、14、21、28、35、42日龄各随机抽取8只,公母各半,称取免疫器官(脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊)重量,分析相对生长、绝对生长、累积生长,进行AA肉鸡、肉杂鸡免疫器官生长规律的比较与分析。结果表明,免疫器官的相对生长,14日龄肉杂鸡高于AA肉鸡;21日龄时二者较接近;28~42日龄AA肉鸡高于肉杂鸡。免疫器官的绝对生长,14~28日龄时,二者较为接近;35~42日龄时,总体表现为AA肉鸡高于肉杂鸡的趋势。免疫器官的累积生长,脾脏、胸腺的变化趋势,AA肉鸡和肉杂鸡差异不大;法氏囊的累积生长,28~42日龄二者差异较大。 相似文献
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旨在研究不同性别麻黄肉鸡生长性能、肌肉和器官随日龄增加而变化的规律。试验选取288只1日龄的麻黄肉鸡,按性别分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复18只鸡。试验期共分为4个生长阶段：1～21日龄、22～42日龄、43～63日龄、64～84日龄,试验期共计84 d。结果表明：(1)试验全期,公鸡末重(P<0.05)、平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01)、平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.01)显著高于母鸡;22～42日龄,公鸡末重、ADFI、ADG显著高于母鸡(P<0.01);试验43～63日龄,公鸡末重(P<0.05)、ADFI(P<0.05)、ADG(P<0.01)、料重比(F/G)(P<0.05)均显著高于母鸡;试验64～84日龄,公鸡末重(P<0.05)、ADFI(P<0.01)、ADG(P<0.05)显著高于母鸡。(2)麻黄肉鸡的肝脏相对重量随日龄增加而线性降低(P<0.01),脾脏和胸腺相对重量呈现二次曲线形式提高(P<0.01),法氏囊相对重量呈现二次曲线形式降低(P<0.01)。(3)公鸡的胰腺... 相似文献
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试验选用1日龄健康爱拔益加肉鸡和北京油鸡公雏各72只,分别于14、28、42日龄检测胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊重量和指数,在21、42日龄检测巨噬细胞吞噬指数以及血清溶菌酶含量等指标。试验结果表明:①爱拔益加肉鸡和北京油鸡的胸腺、脾脏重量随日龄的增长持续增加,而二者的法氏囊重量则先升高后降低,爱拔益加肉鸡的胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊重量始终高于北京油鸡,并且差异显著(P<0.05)。爱拔益加肉鸡和北京油鸡的胸腺指数先升高后降低,北京油鸡的脾脏指数先降低后升高,爱拔益加肉鸡的脾脏指数则持续升高,北京油鸡的法氏囊指数逐渐降低,爱拔益加肉鸡的法氏囊指数则先升高后降低;北京油鸡的胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊指数都高于爱拔益加肉鸡,并且差异显著(P<0.05)。②爱拔益加肉鸡和北京油鸡的巨噬细胞吞噬指数和血清溶菌酶含量均随日龄的增长逐渐升高,爱拔益加肉鸡的吞噬指数和溶菌酶含量始终高于北京油鸡,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。这表明,爱拔益加肉鸡和北京油鸡的免疫器官发育虽然有一定的差异,但二者的免疫功能没有明显差异。 相似文献
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目的:本研究旨在探讨日粮维生素E水平对AA鸡免疫器官发育的影响。方法:选用1 d健康AA肉鸡母鸡160羽,随机分为试验组和对照组共5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8羽,试验期为42 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加25、50、75、100 mg/kg的维生素E。饲养期间每双周周末对各组AA肉鸡屠宰并称取胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的重量,计算免疫器官指数。结果:试验结果表明,第2周时,日粮中添加75 mg/kg维生素E脾脏指数比对照组提高了16.67%(P>0.05),100 mg/kg时胸腺指数比对照组提高了13.04%(P>0.05)。第4周时,日粮中添加50 mg/kg维生素E脾脏指数比对照组提高了64.71%(P>0.05)。第6周时,日粮中添加25 mg/kg维生素E胸腺指数和脾脏指数分别比对照组提高了38.71%(P<0.05)和42.86%(P>0.05),100 mg/kg维生素E胸腺指数和法氏囊指数分别比对照组提高了45.16%(P<0.05)和7.69%(P>0.05)。结论:日粮中添加维生素E对肉鸡免疫器官的发育没有显著影响,但能够具有促进其生长发育的趋势。 相似文献
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试验共选用72只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成4组。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加12.5、37.5、62.5mg/kg的大蒜素。将肉鸡饲养至21、28、35、42日龄进行相应处理,测定了21、35日龄肉鸡免疫器官的相对重量及28、42日龄肉鸡T淋巴细胞阳性率。测定结果表明,大蒜素处理的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的肉鸡,35日龄法氏囊重量均比对照组显著增加(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组21日龄胸腺和Ⅳ组35日龄脾脏重量均比对照组显著增加(P<0.05)。T淋巴细胞阳性率相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组28和42日龄T淋巴细胞阳性率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。所以,在日粮中添加大蒜素,可促进21、35日龄肉鸡免疫器官发育和28、42日龄肉鸡血液T淋巴细胞增殖和成熟。 相似文献
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褪黑素对肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用对比试验,将120只1日龄AA肉鸡分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组3个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组不添加褪黑素,试验组添加褪黑素10mg/kg,研究褪黑素对肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响。试验结果表明:试验期间,鸡的平均日增重(ADG)、饲料转化率(FCR)差异显著(P<0.05);平均日采食量(ADFI)差异不显著(P>0.05);胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊指数试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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蜂花粉对肉杂鸡免疫器官生长发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验将272只1日龄肉杂鸡(科宝1500 ♂×海赛克斯♀)随机分为4组,每组2个重复,每个重复34只,公母各半.Ⅰ组为空白对照,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的蜂花粉.在7,14,21,28,35,42日龄每个重复随机抽取4只,称取活重和免疫器官(脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊)鲜重,计算免疫器官指数,分析免疫器官的相对生长和绝对生长,探讨蜂花粉对肉杂鸡免疫器官生长发育的影响.结果表明,脾脏指数35日龄时Ⅲ组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);42日龄时Ⅳ组显著低于对照组(P<0.05).胸腺指数各日龄各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05).法氏囊指数35日龄Ⅳ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05). 相似文献
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研究了饲料中添加海生素对AA肉鸡免疫器官发育的影响。144只AA肉鸡,随机分为2组,分别在饲料中添加0、200 mg/kg海生素,试验期42 d,每周末每组取试验鸡6只,颈动脉放血致死。取胸腺、腔上囊、脾脏,Bou in液固定,制作石蜡切片,HE染色,显微观察并摄影。结果:7日龄和42日龄试验组的胸腺指数高于同日龄的对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01);7日龄试验组腔上囊的器官指数升高,差异显著(P<0.05);35日龄试验组脾脏的器官指数升高,差异显著(P<0.05)。1~6周龄试验组中,胸腺、腔上囊和脾脏的组织结构也有不同程度的变化。其中脾的组织结构变化比较明显,尤其是脾小体变化甚为明显。试验表明:添加海生素能部分增加肉鸡免疫器官指数,促进免疫器官发育。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献