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为推动"粮改饲",提高种养效益,本研究比较了4个玉米(Zea mays)品种和4个甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种的产能,以期筛选出适合在我国关中地区推广种植的高产优良青贮品种。结果表明,种间或品种间的农艺性状和产能均存在显著差异(P 0.05),其中玉米生长期为99～116 d,甜高粱为124～175 d;玉米的叶片数约为14片,甜高粱为8～23片;玉米株高为225.8～281.5 cm,甜高粱为165.3～338.8 cm;玉米青贮产量为40.2～83.9 t·hm~(-2),甜高粱为35.6～125.3 t·hm~(-2);玉米干物质产量为12.0～25.1 t·hm~(-2),甜高粱为10.7～37.7 t·hm~(-2)。产量最高的玉米品种为‘DB08’,甜高粱为‘极光’,比对照籽粒型玉米品种‘强盛58’分别增产了84.5%和211.6%。营养分析发现,玉米和甜高粱的粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、灰分和无氮浸出物等营养物质种间或品种间均存在差异,且各单一最优营养指标并不聚集于同一品种中。综合考虑青贮产量和反刍动物营养需求,本研究建议选择玉米‘DB08’和甜高粱‘极光’作为青贮饲料在关中地区进行推广种植。 相似文献
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在青海4类农业区分别开展青贮玉米品种'铁研53'栽培试验,通过开展播期、种植密度以及肥效试验,分析不同处理对其产量以及品质的影响.结果表明,1)在终霜日前7 d,海北州和海南州以75000～82500株·hm?2的密度种植'铁研53'能达到高产,海西州以90000株·hm?2的密度种植获得高产.东部农业区在终霜日前15 d以105000株·hm?2的密度种植获得高产.2)东部农业区乐都试验点终霜日时播种的'铁研53'蛋白质含量达6.82％,中性洗涤纤维含量为40.3％,酸性洗涤纤维含量为20.1％,淀粉含量为48.7％,品质最佳.3)播种密度为60000株·hm?2时综合营养品质最佳.综合肥效试验和品质分析结果,青海省各地区在种植'铁研53'时应合理施用氮肥,密度应控制在75000～82500株·hm?2时产量及综合营养品质最佳. 相似文献
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为探究水氮互作对青贮玉米(Zea may)产量、青贮后营养品质和发酵质量的影响,提高青贮玉米综合利用价值,以青贮玉米国审品种北农青贮368为试验材料,在田间条件下设置传统灌溉量(2250?m3·hm?2,?W1)、节水10％(2025?m3·hm?2,?W2)和节水20％?(1800?m3·hm?2,?W3)?3个灌溉水平;传统施氮量(420?kg·hm?2,?N1)、减氮10％?(378?kg·hm?2,N2?)和减氮20％?(336?kg·hm?2,?N3)?3个施氮水平,对青贮玉米产量、青贮料的营养品质和发酵效果比较分析,并对相对饲用价值进行评价.结果表明:灌水量为2025?m3·hm?2、施氮量为378?kg·hm?2?(W2N2)的组合青贮玉米干物质产量最高(22.78?t·hm?2),与传统水肥用量(W1N1)相比增产5.02％,水氮互作对青贮玉米干物质产量影响显著(P?<0.05).青贮料经袋式青贮周年保存后,?W1N1、W2N2和W2N3处理干物质损失率均低于1.0％.不同水氮处理对青贮后中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、淀粉和粗灰分含量影响显著(P?相似文献
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本试验比较了31个玉米品种全株青贮的农艺性状和产能,以期筛选出适合在关中地区推广种植的优良青贮品种。结果表明,品种之间的农艺性状和产能均差异显著,其中生长时间最长的107 d,最短的87 d;叶片数最多的16.5片,最少的11.3片;株高最高的281.3 cm,最矮的199.5 cm;青贮产量最高的6.2吨·亩-1,最低的2.1吨·亩-1;干物质产量最高的1.8吨·亩-1,最低的0.6吨·亩-1。对产量最高的4个品种（‘DB08’、‘DK625’、‘JKQZ932’和‘HY36’）进行营养成分分析发现,除灰分之外,与对照粮饲兼用品种DZ12相比,它们的粗蛋白、粗纤维和粗脂肪含量存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。根据青贮产量和奶牛饲喂价值的需求,本文建议专用青贮玉米‘DB08’和‘DK625’适宜作为全株青贮玉米在关中地区进行大面积推广种植。 相似文献
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青贮玉米品种比较试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在60cm×43cm的种植密度下,进行白顶2号、农大3138、中原单32三个青贮玉米品种的比较试验,结果表明:3个品种均能在闽清地区生长良好,以白顶2号青贮玉米表现较佳。它植株高大,茎秆粗壮,叶片数多,干草产量高达18·8t/hm2,粗蛋白质含量为8·96%,是值得大面积推广的一个青贮玉米品种。 相似文献
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比较分析了8个饲用甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种('大奖505'、'大奖1000'、'大奖1180'、'大奖1230'、'百战'、'海牛'、'大卡'、'标杆')在甘肃兰州地区的形态特征、草产量和营养价值.结果表明:'大卡'的植株高度、叶片、叶宽均表现优异,且第2茬再生能力强,干草产量最高(53.32 t·hm?2),但其叶片数量较少,粗蛋白含量较低(8.14％);'大奖1180'的株高较高,茎秆较粗,叶片数量丰富且叶部形态特征也表现突出,干草产量为42.43 t·hm?2、粗蛋白含量为8.05％;'大奖1230'生长发育快,两茬刈割株高均达到2 m,株高和茎粗都表现良好,且叶片较宽、粗蛋白含量较高(10.58％),但由于叶片数量少,叶片短,干草产量较低(40.06 t·hm?2).综合分析可知,'大奖1180'、'大奖1230'和'大卡'的适应性良好、再生能力强,且具有较高的饲用价值,可作为适用饲用甜高粱品种在该地区推广种植. 相似文献
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为探究水氮互作对青贮玉米(Zea may)产量、青贮后营养品质和发酵质量的影响,提高青贮玉米综合利用价值,以青贮玉米国审品种北农青贮368为试验材料,在田间条件下设置传统灌溉量(2 250 m3·hm?2, W1)、节水10% (2 025 m3·hm?2, W2)和节水20% (1 800 m3·hm?2, W3) 3个灌溉水平;传统施氮量(420 kg·hm?2, N1)、减氮10% (378 kg·hm?2, N2 )和减氮20% (336 kg·hm?2, N3) 3个施氮水平,对青贮玉米产量、青贮料的营养品质和发酵效果比较分析,并对相对饲用价值进行评价。结果表明：灌水量为2 025 m3·hm?2、施氮量为378 kg·hm?2 (W2N2)的组合青贮玉米干物质产量最高(22.78 t·hm?2),与传统水肥用量(W1N1)相比增产5.02%,水氮互作对青贮玉米干物质产量影响显著(P < 0.05)。青贮料经袋式青贮周年保存后, W1N1、W2N2和W2N3处理干物质损失率均低于1.0%。不同水氮处理对青贮后中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、淀粉和粗灰分含量影响显著(P < 0.05),对粗脂肪含量影响不大。经长期保存的青贮料pH稳定在4.0左右,相对饲用价值为136.04～164.35,乳酸含量为3.33%～4.34%,乙酸含量为1.63%～2.29%。节水减氮处理不同程度提高了乳酸含量,其中W2N2处理乳酸含量最高。W2N2和W3N3处理的乙酸含量显著低于其他处理(P < 0.05)。综合青贮玉米产量、干物质含量损失率和青贮品质等参数,本研究条件下理想水氮处理为W2N2,在该处理下可获得较高的产量和较好的青贮品质。 相似文献
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种植密度对不同品种青贮玉米生物产量和品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为寻求青贮玉米(Zea mays)适宜种植密度,以6个青贮玉米品种为试验材料,研究种植密度对其生物产量、农艺性状及其营养品质的影响,以期筛选出适宜种植密度下生物产量高、营养品质好、综合性状优良的青贮玉米新品种,为试验区青贮玉米生产技术提供优化依据。结果表明,生物产量随种植密度的增加而增加,6个品种高、中密度较低密度分别增产8.1%～43.0%和5.0%～19.9%,以陇青贮2号和北农青贮368增产幅度较大。随着种植密度的增大,各品种青贮玉米收获天数延长,茎粗减小,持绿性降低,其中高密度较低密度收获天数延长3.2%～10.6%,茎粗减小6.0%～22.8%,持绿性降低2.7%～3.9%。各品种青贮玉米粗脂肪含量随种植密度的增加而降低,高密度较低密度降低6.8%～13.5%;相反中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量随种植密度的增加而升高,高密度较低密度增加5.0%～8.5%和5.9%～16.2%。综合生物产量、农艺性状、品质等相关性状,在张掖地区适栽青贮玉米品种为陇青贮2号、武科青贮107和北农青贮368,其中陇青贮2号和北农青贮368适宜种植密度为7.5万株·hm~(-2),武科青贮107适宜种植密度为9万株·hm~(-2)。 相似文献
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通过研究种植密度和品种对青饲玉米(Zea mays)生物量与营养品质的影响,筛选出适宜环县地区的较优青饲玉米品种及种植密度,以期为该区优质青饲玉米的推广种植及牛羊青粗饲草料资源的开发提供理论依据.试验于2019年选用'东单13'(H1)、'正大12'(H2)、'科玉188'(H3)、'衡远4038'(H4)及'濮单6号'(H5)5个青饲玉米品种为试验材料,每个品种分别设4.50×104(D1)、5.25×104(D2)、6.00×104(D3)、6.75×104(D4)及7.50×104(D5)株·hm?25个种植密度,结果表明,种植密度对鲜草产量和干草产量的影响极显著(P<0.01),对粗灰分(Ash)含量的影响显著(P<0.05).品种对粗脂肪(EE)、Ash、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、淀粉(ST)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)和总可消化养分(TDN)含量及48 h干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)的影响极显著(P<0.01),对干物质(DM)、水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量的影响显著(P<0.05).用灰色关联度对各处理生物量和营养品质指标综合评价后,结果排名前三的品种及密度依次为H1D5>H2D4>H3D5.综上,在环县地区表现较优、排名前三的青饲玉米品种及其密度分别为7.50万株·hm?2的'东单13'、6.75万株·hm?2的'正大12'及7.50万株·hm?2的'科玉188',可在该地区推广种植. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献