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蛋氨酸是生命最重要的物质基础之一 ,动物的生长发育和新陈代谢过程需要大量蛋氨酸参与。蛋氨酸是常见 2 0几种氨基酸中的含硫氨基酸之一 ,在体内能够转变为胱氨酸发挥生理作用。蛋氨酸还能提高动物的免疫力和抗霉菌毒素的作用。在常见家禽日粮中蛋氨酸通常为第一限制性氨基酸。以微生物蛋白质为反刍动物的唯一氮源时 ,蛋氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸 ;以玉米秸和豆粕为主要日粮的生长肉牛 ,其第一限制性氨基酸也是蛋氨酸。蛋氨酸在肉牛营养中越来越受到人们的重视。1 蛋氨酸的营养功能1 1 蛋氨酸的一般作用蛋氨酸在反刍动物体内除合成蛋白质… 相似文献
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蛋氨酸羟基类似物的主要作用及其生物学效价的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正>蛋氨酸是合成蛋白质的一种重要的必需氨基酸,它主要存在于动物性蛋白中,在植物性蛋白中含量较少。它在体内不能直接合成或合成速度不能满足动物的需要,因此,只能靠外源补充来满足动物对蛋氨酸的需要。蛋氨酸是家禽玉米—豆粕型日粮的第一限制性氨基酸,也是以玉米为主要基础日粮的高产奶牛机体中乳和乳蛋白合成的第一限制性氨基酸,还是猪的第二限制性氨基酸。随着我国畜牧业的飞速发展, 相似文献
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1氨基酸配比与猪日粮营养的关系
动物对饲料中蛋白质的吸收程度取决于饲料中必需氨基酸赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸的配比．因为这些氨基酸在猪体内不能合成。如果动物日粮中缺乏上述任何一种营养，都会影响新陈代谢．并降低动物的生产性能． 相似文献
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蛋氨酸，又名甲硫氨酸，是畜禽的必需氨基酸。玉米一豆粕型生长家禽日粮中，它还是第一限制性氨基酸。饲料中添加适宜水平的蛋氨酸，可提高动物的生产性能，改善胴体品质。蛋氨酸主要存在于动物性蛋白，植物性蛋白中含量较少，且动物体内不能直接合成，动物对蛋氨酸的需要只能靠外源补充。 相似文献
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乳腺是一个复杂的器官,组织和细胞类型繁杂,乳腺氨基酸代谢受到众多因素影响,如日粮组成、氨基酸成分、饲料添加剂、瘤胃功能等等。足量的比例平衡的氨基酸对奶牛营养具有重要意义,了解氨基酸的供应与平衡可以预测乳蛋白的产出。日粮蛋白质和氨基酸对乳蛋白含量与产量有重要影响。在大部分日粮条件下,蛋氨酸是第一限制性氨基酸,通过理化方法保护蛋氨酸过瘤胃可以改善蛋氨酸的生物有效性。此外,赖氨酸和支链氨基酸(异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸等)对于乳蛋白合成也很重要。当氨基酸不足以用于乳蛋白合成时,可从肽结合氨基酸库中释放。某些情况下,氨基酸平衡对乳蛋白合成的重要性更甚于日粮蛋白质的含量,适宜比例的必需氨基酸能增加乳蛋白合成,氨基酸平衡的改善可促进乳蛋白合成,提高奶产量。当日粮粗饲料质量较差时,可溶性碳水化合物可能成为瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成的限制因素,导致乳蛋白前体物数量下降。需要同时优化瘤胃内微生物蛋白质合成和适宜补充氨基酸,才能满足乳蛋白合成的需要。 相似文献
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日粮添加氨基酸对产蛋鸡产蛋性能和排泄量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蛋氨酸和赖氨酸分别是鸡的第一、第二限制性氨基酸。家禽科学的蛋白质营养,不再以日粮的粗蛋白质含量为基础,而代之以考虑在细胞水平上高效、经济地供给鸡为合成整个身体和产蛋所需的必需氨基酸日粮水平和生物学利用率。在典型的玉米豆粕型蛋鸡日粮或用其他饼粕代替部分豆粕的蛋鸡日粮中,蛋氨酸和赖氨酸均是很缺乏的氨基酸,在蛋白质饲料资源紧张的情况下,应在低蛋白日粮中添加合成蛋氨酸和赖氨酸以提高饲料利用率。基于以上目的,在蛋鸡产蛋高峰阶段开展了试验。1方法与结果1.1供试鸡群及饲养管理选择28周龄新罗曼褐蛋鸡1 280只,在3层半阶梯… 相似文献
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低蛋白氨基酸平衡是养猪业中不可或缺的一种日粮模式，以理想蛋白质和氨基酸平衡为理论基础，在不影响生长性能的前提下，将日粮中粗蛋白质水平从NRC(1998)推荐水平的基础上降低2%～4%，同时合理添加合成氨基酸来满足畜禽的需要。与传统日粮相比，低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮具有提高蛋白利用效率、节约饲料成本、提高动物生产性能、改善动物肠道健康、提高肉品质、降低环境污染等优点。文章从低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮对猪的生长性能、氮排泄、肠道菌群、肉品质这四个方面的影响研究进展进行综述，为低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮在猪生产中的应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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怎样利用氨基酸配制奶牛日粮 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
九十年代提出了泌乳牛氨基酸的需要量 ,是奶牛蛋白质营养研究的重大突破 ,已成为反刍动物蛋白质新体系的核心。过瘤胃氨基酸的工业化生产 ,使利用氨基酸配制奶牛日粮成为现实。用过瘤胃氨基酸、过瘤胃脂肪和优质牧草可以配制出高营养浓度的平衡日粮 ,使奶牛的高产潜力能得以最大限度的发挥。本文将重点介绍利用氨基酸配制高产奶牛日粮的方法和步骤。１首先确定泌乳牛氨基酸的需要量赖氨酸、蛋氨酸是泌乳牛合成乳蛋白的限制性氨基酸 ,在乳蛋白合成中 ,赖氨酸应占代谢蛋白质（又称小肠可消化蛋白质）的７ ３ %,蛋氨酸为２ ５ %（Ｒｕｌｑｕｉ… 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献