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1.
一株枯草芽孢杆菌发酵培养基的优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过正交优化试验对一株枯草芽孢杆菌的发酵培养基进行优化,结果发现,当培养基中豆粕液为20 g/L,葡萄糖浓度为5 g/L,玉米粉浓度为2 g/L时,在接种量为5 %的情况下,采用此种配比的发酵培养基37 ℃培养24 h,活菌数最高,可达4.0×109 CFU/mL.  相似文献   

2.
益生菌腊样芽孢杆菌的筛选及培养基的优化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为开发具有特定生理活性的新型微生态制剂,以益生菌腊样芽孢杆菌(BacillusCereus)为初发菌株,对蜡样芽孢杆菌的初发菌株进行了耐受性试验,其耐受性结果为:pH4.8;胆盐浓度(W/V)0.01%;温度48℃。然后对蜡样芽孢杆菌的初发菌株通过紫外线诱变,筛选出能够适应肠道生存环境,耐受胆盐和高温的优良菌株,其极限耐受条件为:pH4.2,胆盐浓度0.045克/100毫升,温度55℃。通过单因素试验和正交实验确定了腊样芽孢杆菌发酵培养基的最佳配比为(W/V):葡萄糖1.0%,豆粕粉3.0%,玉米浆0.3%。对诱变后的菌株进行了生长曲线的测定,并通过生理生化试验对筛选出来的菌株进行鉴定。  相似文献   

3.
本研究以地衣芽孢杆菌CICC 20514为对象,芽孢数和芽孢率为目标参数,采用单因素、正交试验方法对培养基配方进行筛选,并在此配方基础上对培养条件进一步优化。结果表明：最终产芽孢发酵培养基的最佳组合为20 g/L果糖、20 g/L豆粕、5 g/L K2HPO4、7 g/L NaCl、0.8 g/L CaCO3和0.8 g/L MgSO4;产芽孢最佳培养条件为37℃,220 r/min,接种量5%,装样量20%,初始pH 6.5～7.5,发酵培养时间48 h。优化后的地衣芽孢杆菌CICC 20514培养基芽孢数及芽孢率均具有良好的稳定性,发酵液芽孢数达5.8×109CFU/mL,比优化前提高了58倍。  相似文献   

4.
研究旨在优化贝莱斯芽孢杆菌P9菌株的生孢培养基及条件。试验以贝莱斯芽孢杆菌P9的菌体浓度和生孢率为指标,通过单因素结合响应面试验对生孢培养基成分进行优化。结果显示,最佳生孢培养基成分为葡萄糖2.0 g/L、牛肉膏4.0 g/L、酵母浸粉4.0 g/L,MgCl_(2)8.0 g/L、KH_(2)PO_(4)6.0 g/L、NaCl 0.01 g/L、1 mol/L的CaCl_(2)6 mL、1 mol/L的MnCl_(2)6 mL,此条件下贝莱斯芽孢杆菌P9的生孢率可达95.37%。研究表明,此方法可为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在动物饲料生产中应用提供一定的试验基础。  相似文献   

5.
试验利用响应面法对地衣芽孢杆菌S6产角蛋白酶的培养基进行优化.单因素试验表明:(K2HPO4/KH2PO4)、NaCl和MgSO4最佳水平分别为1.4/0.7、0 3和0.1 g/L,响应面优化地表芽孢杆菌S6培养基最佳组成为麦芽糖0.03 mol/L、半胱氨酸0.02 mol/L和生物素28.17μg/L,与基础发酵培养基相比,角蛋白酶活力最高值提高了2 822 4倍,为210.55 U/mL.  相似文献   

6.
从鸡肠道筛选出一株菌,命名为DY032,经16S r DNA分子鉴定和系统发育分析,该菌种为枯草芽孢杆菌。在摇瓶发酵条件下,采用单因素试验,对菌株DY032的培养基配方进行优化,确定了影响发酵液菌体数和芽孢数的5个因素,分别为淀粉、鱼粉、豆饼粉、MnSO_4·H_2O和CaCO_3,其适宜浓度分别为20、10、10、0.05、0.05 g/L,进一步通过L_(16)(4~5)正交试验确定以上5因素的最佳配比。为放大培养,在最优培养基基础上,利用10 L发酵罐,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验设计,以芽孢数为指标,对菌株DY032的培养温度、pH值、搅拌转速、通气量4个条件进行优化。结果表明:菌株DY032培养基最优配方为:淀粉16 g/L,鱼粉10 g/L,豆饼粉10 g/L,Mn SO4·H2O 0.05 g/L,Ca CO30.03 g/L。最优发酵罐培养条件为:培养温度37℃,pH值6.5,转速200 r/min,通气量5 L/min,最终芽孢数可达51.95×108cfu/m L。  相似文献   

7.
为优化筛选出一株或几株适合该生物饲料配方的芽孢杆菌,并完善生物饲料的制作过程,本研究根据地衣芽孢杆菌BL13、地衣芽孢杆菌BL20、地衣芽孢杆菌BL53、地衣芽孢杆菌BL47、地衣芽孢杆菌BL49、枯草芽孢杆菌AN、枯草芽孢杆菌GY、枯草芽孢杆菌10089和枯草芽孢杆菌10090设计了9组试验(含对照组,其中枯草芽孢杆菌10089和枯草芽孢杆菌10090为一组,比例为1:1),将糖渣23%、喷浆玉米皮11%、胚芽粕42%、谷氨酸渣2%、糖蜜2%、水20%作为培养基,接种0.6%戊糖片球菌(10)-1、0.4%酿酒酵母,1.0%芽孢杆菌,28℃恒温发酵4~6 d。经试验,最终开发出一种含有2.0%乳酸、20.7%粗蛋白质、4.3%粗纤维、3.1%灰分、6.6 lg CFU/m L乳酸菌、7.5 lg CFU/m L酵母菌、7.0lg CFU/m L芽孢杆菌的生物饲料。  相似文献   

8.
为提高产纤维素酶地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)的产酶能力,本试验以前期分离的产纤维素酶地衣芽孢杆菌LY02作为出发菌株,通过紫外线对该菌株进行了诱变选育,筛选高产纤维素酶的突变株,并分别对其接种量、培养温度、培养时间、培养基初始pH和金属离子等产酶条件进行了优化。结果显示,经诱变选育后突变菌株的纤维素酶活力较出发菌株提高了34.31%。其最佳产酶培养条件为:接种量1.5%,培养温度37℃,培养时间24 h,培养基初始pH 5.0,K+和Ba2+对纤维素酶的产生有激活作用。本研究为进一步将高产纤维素酶的突变株开发为生产菌株提供了基础条件。  相似文献   

9.
试验旨在筛选一株地衣芽孢杆菌M109(Bacillus licheniformis M109)进行培养基和发酵条件的优化。采用单因素试验方法筛选出最佳碳源和氮源的培养基,并利用正交试验方法确定其最佳的碳氮比。为了继续提高地衣芽孢杆菌M109的发酵水平,研究其在发酵过程中的生长曲线、pH和溶氧(DO)水平的变化曲线,通过对发酵过程中生长参数的测定,优化了地衣芽孢杆菌M109最佳的接种量和最适pH。结果发现,溶氧限制是地衣芽孢杆菌M109生长的关键因素;在限定通风量的条件下,通过调节搅拌转速的方法来提高培养基中的溶氧水平,提高发酵密度;通过流加培养基的方法也能提高地衣芽孢杆菌M109的发酵水平。因此,通过对培养基和发酵条件的优化,使地衣芽孢杆菌M109的发酵水平由最初的1.0×109 CFU/mL提高到1.2×1010 CFU/mL,芽孢形成率为88%。  相似文献   

10.
本试验以1株饲用益生菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌B7（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7，B.amyloliquefaciens B7）为研究对象，为了增强其在液态条件下的发酵水平，提高其芽孢发酵工艺优化效率，拟采用测定芽孢吡啶二羧酸（dipicolonic acid，DPA）浓度的方法来代替传统的平板芽孢计数法，以探讨此测定方法在芽孢发酵优化工艺中的可行性。首先，通过单因素试验筛选出对菌株产孢有显著促进作用的因子，进一步通过正交优化试验确定蛋白胨、玉米粉、大米蛋白粉和Mn2+组合的最优水平。结果表明，发酵液中的芽孢浓度与测定的DPA荧光强度呈线性相关，在蛋白胨20 g/L、玉米粉10 g/L、大米蛋白粉20 g/L、Mn2+1.0 mmol/L时发酵48 h，检测到DPA荧光强度达到最大，其相应的芽孢浓度达到7.0×109 CFU/mL。与实验室常用的LB培养基相比，芽孢浓度提高了3.3倍；与工业生产用培养基相比，芽孢浓度提高了2.2倍。本研究为芽孢杆菌发酵过程中芽孢浓度测定提供了一种快速方法，为工业菌株B.amyloliquefaciens B7的发酵提供了一种成分简单且高产芽孢的培养基。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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