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为建立动物源性食品中沙拉沙星（SAR）残留的快速检测方法,本试验通过对盐酸沙拉沙星进行分子改造和偶联蛋白合成完全免疫原,免疫小鼠制备SAR单克隆抗体。通过棋盘法确定最佳包被原浓度及一抗稀释度,优化确定最佳反应条件,从而建立间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫（ic-CLEIA）检测方法,并通过灵敏度、精密度、交叉反应率、添加回收试验对该方法进行评价。紫外扫描结果显示,完全免疫原偶联成功;制备的SAR单克隆抗体效价达1：4×106;包被原浓度为0.25 μg/mL,抗体稀释比为1：750 000,4 ℃包被过夜,5%脱脂乳封闭,竞争孵育1 h,酶标二抗稀释比为1：10 000,孵育1 h为ic-CLEIA最佳反应条件;建立的ic-CLEIA方法标准曲线呈线性,线性范围为0.0625~10 ng/mL,R2=0.995,灵敏度IC50为1.45 ng/mL;其平均批内和批间变异系数均<10%;除与二氟沙星的交叉反应率达到98.08%以外,与其他氟喹诺酮类药物的交叉反应率均<8%,与其他非氟喹诺酮类药物均无交叉反应;SAR标准溶液的最低检测限（LOD）为0.32 ng/mL,SAR在鸡肉样品中的LOD为0.46 μg/kg;添加回收率在88.3%~106.7%范围内,其变异系数≤12.2%。结果表明,本研究建立的ic-CLEIA方法检测速度快、灵敏度高,适用于动物源性食品中SAR残留的大量检测,为SAR残留检测提供了新的方法。 相似文献
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氯霉素单克隆抗体的制备及ELISA检测方法的建立 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究旨在建立检测动物源性食品中氯霉素(CAP)残留的间接竞争ELISA(ci-ELISA)方法。在CAP羟基(-OH)位点上引入活性基团羧基(-COOH)得到氯霉素半琥珀酸酯(CAP-HS);采用混合酸酐法将CAP-HS分别与BSA和OVA偶联合成人工免疫原CAP-HS-BSA和包被抗原CAP-HS-OVA,用CAP-HS-BSA免疫BALB/c小鼠,间接ELISA和ci-ELISA筛选细胞融合备用鼠;应用杂交瘤技术制备抗CAP单克隆抗体;以CAP单克隆抗体为基础、CAP-HS-OVA为检测原建立ci-ELISA方法。结果显示,试验成功筛选获得一株稳定分泌抗CAP抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(2C4),抗体效价为4.8×10-5,利用2C4腹水优化得到ci-ELISA最佳试验条件:0.4μg/mL CAPHS-OVA 37℃包被2h;5%猪血清37℃封闭1h;1∶6.4×104 CAP单克隆抗体37℃孵育15min;1∶1 000羊抗鼠酶标二抗(GaMIgG-HRP)37℃孵育30min;室温显色9min。绘制的CAP残留ci-ELISA标准曲线为典型的S型,与4参数logit拟合曲线相吻合,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.53ng/mL。添加回收试验结果显示,阴性鱼肉、牛奶的回收率分别为93.3%~96.6%和93.7%~96.8%,批内变异系数分别为2.3%~5.0%和2.2%~4.6%,批间变异系数分别为2.7%~4.1%和2.3%~3.6%。HPLC对比试验结果显示,ci-ELISA与HPLC的测定结果无显著差异。本试验成功建立了CAP的ELISA残留检测方法,该方法具有较高的灵敏度、准确度和精密度,可满足动物源性食品中CAP残留检测要求。 相似文献
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本试验利用己烯雌酚(DES)单克隆抗体,通过优化反应条件,加标回收试验,确定ELISA检测方法相关参数,建立了己烯雌酚残留的酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)检测法。试验结果显示,包被抗原最佳浓度为2μg/mL,DES单克隆抗体最佳稀释倍数为1∶3×104;标准曲线呈线性相关,相关系数R2=0.9956,IC50=1.103 ng/mL,最适检测范围为0.125~128 ng/mL,检测敏感度为0.077 ng/g;批内和批间变异分别为6.14%和7.48%;鳝鱼肌肉组织的加标回收率为77.6%~94.6%;特异性试验结果表明,该单抗与己烯雌酚单羧丙基醚交叉反应率为112.7%,与其它水产禁用药物交叉反应率0.1%。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(21)
为了对用于检测牛奶中阿莫西林残留的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测试剂盒进行质量验证,试验采用不同梯度浓度的方法进行研究。结果表明:阿莫西林标准品浓度在0.5~13.5μg/L范围内具有较好线性关系,50%竞争抑制浓度为2.0μg/L,试剂盒对牛奶中阿莫西林的最低检测限为4.6μg/L。牛奶中分别添加5.0,10.0μg/L的阿莫西林标准品,回收率在72.2%~108.7%之间,批内变异系数小于8.9%,批间变异系数小于11.9%;试剂盒可在37℃条件下保存7 d,可同时检测牛奶中阿莫西林、青霉素、氨苄西林、萘夫西林等药物的残留总量。与仪器方法进行实际样品检测相比,ELISA方法检测结果具有良好的可信度。 相似文献
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徐艳清 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2016,(7):64-67
建立动物源性食品中金刚烷胺的高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)残留分析方法。样品用1%乙酸乙腈提取,加入正己烷除杂;吹干浓缩后用0.1%甲酸水溶液+甲醇(V∶V=1∶1)溶解,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相,经C18柱分离,采用多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式进行检测。实验结果表明,金刚烷胺提取效果好,检出限为0.05μg/kg,在1.0μg/kg~10.0μg/kg添加水平的平均回收率在89.4%~110.2%之间,相对标准偏差为2.02%~4.31%。本方法适用于动物源性食品中金刚烷胺残留检测。 相似文献
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本研究旨在建立检测动物源性食品中氯霉素（CAP）残留的间接竞争ELISA（ci-ELISA）方法。在CAP羟基（-OH）位点上引入活性基团羧基（-COOH）得到氯霉素半琥珀酸酯（CAP-HS）;采用混合酸酐法将CAP-HS分别与BSA和OVA偶联合成人工免疫原CAP-HS-BSA和包被抗原CAP-HS-OVA,用CAP-HS-BSA免疫BALB/c小鼠,间接ELISA和ci-ELISA筛选细胞融合备用鼠;应用杂交瘤技术制备抗CAP单克隆抗体;以CAP单克隆抗体为基础、CAP-HS-OVA为检测原建立ci-ELISA方法。结果显示,试验成功筛选获得一株稳定分泌抗CAP抗体的杂交瘤细胞株（2C4）,抗体效价为4.8×10-5,利用2C4腹水优化得到ci-ELISA最佳试验条件：0.4 μg/mL CAP-HS-OVA 37℃包被2 h;5%猪血清37℃封闭1 h;1：6.4×104 CAP单克隆抗体37℃孵育15 min;1：1 000羊抗鼠酶标二抗（GaMIgG-HRP）37℃孵育30 min;室温显色9 min。绘制的CAP残留ci-ELISA标准曲线为典型的S型,与4参数logit拟合曲线相吻合,半数抑制浓度（IC50）为0.53 ng/mL。添加回收试验结果显示,阴性鱼肉、牛奶的回收率分别为93.3%~96.6%和93.7%~96.8%,批内变异系数分别为2.3%~5.0%和2.2%~4.6%,批间变异系数分别为2.7%~4.1%和2.3%~3.6%。HPLC对比试验结果显示,ci-ELISA与HPLC的测定结果无显著差异。本试验成功建立了CAP的ELISA残留检测方法,该方法具有较高的灵敏度、准确度和精密度,可满足动物源性食品中CAP残留检测要求。 相似文献
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直接竞争ELISA检测氯霉素残留的方法建立及初步应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用混合酸酐法合成氯霉素的CAP抗原,用过碘酸钠氧化法合成CAP酶标记抗原,用ELISA方法对合成的CAP抗原、CAP酶标记抗原进行鉴定表明其与抗CAP单克隆抗体具有特异性反应。在此基础上建立了包被二抗的直接竞争ELISA方法。特异性试验结果表明,CAP琥珀酸酯、CAP琥珀酸钠盐的交叉反应率分别为107%、106.4%;甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素与CAP的交叉反应率小于0.016%;与其他结构类似物间未见交叉反应。该方法对CAP的检测限可达到0.1μg/L,IC50为11.6μg/L,线性范围0.1～100μg/L,批内变异系数小于11.5%,批间变异系数小于19.6%。对猪肉、鸡肉、蜂蜜分别添加1.0、3.0、10.0、30.0μg/L CAP标准品,回收率61.0%～102.0%,变异系数为6.6%～15.8%;对猪肉、鸡肉、蜂蜜中CAP的最低检测限分别为0.48、0.42、1.20μg/kg。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献