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1.
为了解华东地区某市活禽市场中禽流感病毒的污染状况,2014—2016年对该市活禽市场的家禽进行了禽流感流行病学调查。结果显示:该市活禽市场禽流感病毒污染面较广,94.12%的市场存在禽流感病毒污染;H9N2亚型病毒感染率较高,样品总体阳性率为22.66%,场点总阳性率为94.12%;H7N9亚型病毒感染率经历了一个升降过程,2015年上半年达到高峰,之后显著降低;农贸市场中的H7N9亚型病毒分离率显著高于批发市场。本次调查未在活禽市场中检出H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒。这些数据为深入了解活禽市场中禽流感病毒的污染状况和该病防控措施的制定提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

2.
<正>H7N9亚型禽流感流行特点今年新出现高致病性H7N9亚型禽流感病毒,污染范围不断扩大,形成高致病性和低致病性毒株同时流行的局面,给养鸡业造成严重危害。综合来讲,其流行特点主要集中在以下几个方面:H7N9亚型禽流感病毒出现同源性、致病性和抗原性等方面的差异。活禽交易市场(主要是农贸市场)在家禽生产和贸易链中仍是H7N9亚型禽流感病毒污染率最高的环节,相关的运输、市场屠宰和销售等行为都有助于  相似文献   

3.
为了解拉萨市禽流感流行情况,2017年11月—2018年3月,在拉萨市6个养殖场和11个活禽交易市场,随机采集1 394份棉试子进行禽流感病毒分离和分型鉴定。结果显示： H9亚型禽流感病毒阳性率为2.87%,未检出H3、H5、H6、H7等其他亚型病毒;活禽市场H9亚型阳性率（4.64%）显著高于养殖场阳性率（0.35%,P<0.01）。结果表明,拉萨市高致病性禽流感流行风险较小,低致病性禽流感流行以H9亚型为主,且流行率不高,但应进一步加强养殖环节的防疫、检疫,以及活禽市场的清洗、消毒等工作,防止禽流感传入和流行。  相似文献   

4.
H9N2亚型禽流感是目前在我国处于长期流行的一种危害禽养殖业的疾病,而且对养禽业带来的危害是严重的,我国H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIVS)近些年流行分支出现了改变,这给我们在预防H9N2禽流感发生带来了一定的困难。本文通过对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒目前流行趋势介绍,临床病理变化以及会出现与其他疫病混合感染的情况,综合阐述了H9N2亚型禽流感在临床上如何预防,为今后养禽业在预防H9N2亚型禽流感病毒发生时提供理论基础。  相似文献   

5.
禽流感的流行特点和防控对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
当前我国禽流感的流行总体形势平稳,家禽中未发生高致病性禽流感突发重大疫情,但由于免疫效果不稳定、免疫禽自然发病、多亚型病毒共存、H9N2亚型流行普遍等问题的存在,导致禽流感防疫形势依然严峻.为此,本文在分析禽流感发生原因的基础上,对禽流感的防控对策提出建议.  相似文献   

6.
本文对2014年全球禽流感的发生情况进行了介绍,并分析了其流行特点。H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感疫情持续在东南亚暴发流行,造成严重的损失;H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感病毒首次在日韩以及德荷英等国家出现,引发全球广泛关注;H5N2、H5N3和H5N6等3种亚型高致病性禽流感病毒引发的疫情也对发病国家造成巨大损失;H5N2、H7N1等多种亚型低致病性禽流感病毒的共存,对禽流感防控形成了更加严峻的挑战。  相似文献   

7.
为建立一种简便、快速、灵敏、准确的禽流感病毒N9亚型检测方法,根据GenBank中收录的禽流感病毒N9亚型高度保守的基因序列设计引物,通过优化反应条件建立禽流感病毒N9亚型RT-PCR检测方法,并对该方法进行灵敏度、敏感性、特异性试验和临床样品检测。建立了禽流感病毒N9亚型RTPCR检测方法,用该方法检测时,H7N9、H10N9均呈阳性,而非N9亚型的禽流感病毒及新城疫病毒等其他禽传染病病毒均呈阴性,能检测到1/32血凝单位的H7N9禽流感病毒。建立了禽流感病毒N9亚型RTPCR检测方法,具有操作简便、灵敏度高、特异性强的特点,值得推广应用。  相似文献   

8.
采集供港澳家禽喉头、泄殖腔拭子进行禽流感病毒监测,建立一步法荧光RT-PCR检测A型和H5、H7、H9亚型及H7N9病毒,所用高通量核酸提取和基因扩增体系可适应活禽出口快速检测通关的要求。2006—2015年共检测约150万份拭子,结果 H5和H7亚型高致病性禽流感全部为阴性,H9亚型等A型流感病毒阳性率约0.035%,冬、春季节检出率较高,H9亚型病毒HA基因与H7N9病毒广东流行毒株具有亲缘关系。供港澳禽流感病毒监测体系快速高效、生物安全性好,结合抗体监测和临床检查,可保证出口家禽处于无禽流感状态。  相似文献   

9.
了解H5亚型高致病性禽流感发展现状,为优化相关政策提供信息支持,本文简述了全球高致病性禽流感（HPAI）的流行现状。2020—2022年,全球累计91个国家/地区报告发生HPAI疫情,累计报告疫情16 146起,累计发病禽为4 449.5万余只,累计扑杀销毁禽2.51亿只。其中,H5N1亚型是目前全球流行的主要血清型,欧洲、美洲、亚洲等国家累计报告的疫情数占比超过90%。鉴于H5亚型禽流感病毒是当前全球危害养禽业的主要流行亚型,本文进一步分析了H5N1、H5N6、H5N8等亚型的流行特点,概述了我国H5亚型HPAI流行现状,并强调了我国实施的强制免疫与扑杀相结合的禽流感综合防控策略已取得显著成效。此外,全球H5亚型HPAI疫情启示,我国应持续加大HPAI防控力度,推进养禽业产业结构优化升级,提高生物安全水平,加强疫情信息分析,强化野生动物和病原变异情况监测力度,坚定实施扑杀感染禽和疫苗免疫相结合等综合防控策略。  相似文献   

10.
通过综述感染人类的H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒起源及演化关系,表明感染人的A/Hongkong/97(H5N1)株及目前流行的高致病性禽流感病毒可能起源于禽源的A型流感病毒株(A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96)。自1996年以来,H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的基因型经Gs/Gd,A,B,C,D,E,V,W,X0-X3,Y,Z和Z 不断的演化为目前流行的基因型Z。高致病性禽流感病毒(H5,H7和H9亚型)在禽,特别是水禽体内的重组或重配而相互传播,并随候鸟的迁徙而传播不易消灭,H5N1亚型的禽流感在不同地区的不断暴发与流行已严重威胁着养禽业的发展及人类的健康,需要进行长期监控。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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