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1.
鸡堆型艾美耳球虫早熟株的最小免疫剂量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医学报》2016,(2):244-248
为确定堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)早熟株的最小免疫剂量,设立了6个早熟株1次免疫组、6个早熟株2次免疫组、2个空白对照组、2个攻毒组。SPF鸡4日龄时以200、300、400、500、600、1 000个/羽的剂量接种早熟株卵囊进行第1次免疫,于14日龄使用1次免疫2倍的剂量进行第2次免疫。一次/二次免疫组及各不免疫攻虫组分别于18或28日龄以2×105个/羽的同源强毒株进行攻毒,以相对增重率、病变记分、病变记分减少率、卵囊抑制率和抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标评价免疫效果,确定最小免疫剂量。结果显示,本次试验使用的早熟株具有良好的免疫原性,不同免疫剂量均能诱发雏鸡产生保护力,且随着免疫剂量的增加保护力逐渐提高。一次免疫剂量为1 000个/羽和二次免疫的首次免疫剂量大于等于400个/羽、第二次免疫800个/羽,可达到良好免疫效果,可分别定为E.acervulina早熟株一次免疫和二次免疫的最小免疫剂量。 相似文献
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为了确定巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)早熟株合适的免疫剂量,本文设立7个早熟株免疫攻虫组、7个母株免疫攻虫组、1个不免疫攻虫组和1个不免疫不攻虫组,7个早熟株/母株免疫组的免疫剂量为孢子化卵囊100、200、400、600、800、1000和2000个/羽,经嗉囊感染,7日龄首次免疫,14日龄以同等剂量进行第二次免疫,21日龄以8×104个/羽的同源母株进行攻虫,28日龄结束试验,以增重、肠道病变记分和卵囊减少率为试验指标。对早熟株中免疫保护效果较好的2个免疫剂量进行重复试验,免疫方法、试验周期、试验指标和攻虫剂量同第一批试验。结果显示:早熟株和母株200、400、600、800、1000、2000个/羽免疫组攻虫后的增重与健康对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),100个/羽免疫组明显低于健康对照组(P<0.05);各免疫组的卵囊减少率均达90%以上,肠道病变记分均与不免疫攻虫组差异不显著(P>0.05)。用早熟株200、400个/羽进行免疫重复试验,两个免疫组攻虫期间的增重和肠道病变记分均与健康对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而与不免疫攻虫组差异显著(P<0.05),其卵囊减少率均在86%以上。研究结果表明,该巨型艾美耳球虫早熟株保持了良好的免疫原性,每只鸡免疫200或400个孢子化卵囊均可诱发鸡产生良好的免疫保护力,可考虑以200个孢子化卵囊作为该早熟株在疫苗制备中的推荐免疫剂量。 相似文献
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为评价gain56基因重组表达产物作为亚单位疫苗预防鸡巨型艾美球虫(E.maxima),感染的效果,以E.maxima NT株配子体总RNA为模板,RT.PCR扩增和克隆gain56基因,选择该基因两段丰富抗原表位的编码区片段.利用原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1在大肠杆菌中进行截短表达.以可溶性的GST-gain56-2融合蛋白为免疫原,设立高、中、低(1.0 mg、0.5 mg、0.25 mg)3个剂量,单独或使用弗氏完全佐剂,于5 d、12 d和19 d对雏鸡进行3次免疫,26 d用5 ×10~4个E.maxima孢子化卵囊进行攻虫,8 d后迫杀,对各组的存活率、相对增重率、卵囊减少率、ACI等指标进行统计分析.结果显示:就相对增重率而言各免疫组比未免疫攻毒组的高27.6%以上,而各免疫组之间差异不显著(p>0.05);就卵囊减少率指标而言,各免疫组较未免疫攻毒组均有不同程度减少,但是均小于75%;就ACI指标而言,各免疫组较未免疫攻毒组均有不同程度增加,以中剂量蛋白佐剂组为最高.GST-gam56-2融合蛋白对于E.maxima感染具有一定的免疫保护效力. 相似文献
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本研究采用早熟选育技术，诱导选育出1株与已获得的山东株免疫原性差异较大的巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)山西株的早熟弱毒株，并对其进行生物学特性研究。结果表明：早熟诱导获得的巨型艾美耳球虫山西早熟株卵囊略小于亲本株，潜隐期为109 h;早熟株各组小肠病变记分差异显著低于(P<0.05)亲本株组，且临床症状较亲本株组弱；等剂量下，早熟株组的卵囊产量及卵囊繁殖力低于亲本株组；早熟株单次免疫剂量≥400个卵囊/只、2次免疫的一免剂量≥100个卵囊/只、二免剂量≥200个卵囊/只时可达到良好免疫效果。本研究结果为制备高效广谱、免疫原性良好的鸡球虫疫苗提供虫株和理论依据。 相似文献
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鸡胚接种毒害艾美耳球虫Eimeria necatrix的免疫研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
给15、17、19日胚龄的鸡胚经羊膜腔分别接种不同剂量的毒害艾美耳球虫Eimeria necatrix孢子化卵囊、孢子囊或子孢子,出雏后在无球虫环境中笼养,收集2~7日龄间全部粪便,以饱和盐水漂浮法检查卵囊的产生,并于17日龄时以1.2×105个/鸡的同源孢子化卵囊攻虫,以相对增重率(RWG)、病变计分减少率(RLS)、相对卵囊产量(ROP)评价免疫保护效果。结果表明,孢子化卵囊、孢子囊或子孢子经羊膜腔免疫接种后对鸡胚的孵化率无明显影响,所有接种组在出雏后2~7日龄间均能检获后代卵囊,攻虫后各免疫组的相对增重率由攻虫对照的38%~42.9%提高到73.2%~90.5%,病变计分减少率达50%~74.9%,相对卵囊产量为攻虫对照组的28.1%~60.2%,表明以一定剂量的E.necatrix孢子化卵囊、孢子囊或子孢子经羊膜腔免疫接种鸡胚,可诱导鸡在出雏后笼养条件下对同源艾美耳球虫的免疫保护力;比较不同剂量、不同胚龄的免疫效果,发现在试验设定条件下于17日胚龄接种8×104个子孢子/胚的效果最好。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2014,(12):67-69
本研究对3株鸡巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)福建株、上海株和广东株进行免疫原性分析,其中广东株属于早熟株。将7日龄雏鸡分别免疫3株E.maxima孢子化卵囊,12 d后分别攻击相同剂量的同源及异源虫株孢子化卵囊,设不免疫攻虫对照组和不免疫不攻虫对照组,17d开始收集粪便直至无卵囊排出为止,每日计数卵囊,计算卵囊相对减少率。结果:雏鸡免疫后以同源虫株攻击,保护率均在98%以上,而雏鸡免疫后以异源虫株攻击,其交叉保护率在40.78%72.37%之间。提示:E.maxima对同源虫株的保护率明显高于对异源虫株的保护率,说明各分离株间抗原性存在差异。 相似文献
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L-NMMA对鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗免疫鸡增重的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对免疫鸡增重的影响及一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂(L-NMMA)对免疫鸡增重和免疫效果的影响。取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组(C1、C2)和单剂量重复接种组(T1、T2),T1、T2组按推荐免疫剂量单剂量重复接种鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,C1和T1、C2和T2分别于二次接种后第7、14天逐只空腹称重,剖检记录十二指肠、空肠和盲肠病变记分,取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和盲肠进行病理组织学检查。另选取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组C20、攻毒对照组T21、免疫对照组T22和免疫加药组T23,T22和T23按推荐免疫剂量两次免疫鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,T23在免疫的同时腹腔注射L-NMMA,二免后第14天T21、T22和T23均接种鸡球虫混合强毒,测定SPF雏鸡平均增重、相对增重、肠道(十二指肠、空肠和盲肠)病变记分、病变记分减少率(RLS)、血便记分、死亡率及卵囊产量等指标。结果显示,接种组的平均增重显著低于未接种组(P<0.05),接种组的十二指肠、空肠和盲肠有轻微病变且黏膜上皮细胞均有不同程度损伤和脱落;免疫加L-NMMA组一免、二免后及攻毒后试验鸡的平均增重均极显著高于免疫攻毒对照组(P<0.01),且与空白对照组鸡的平均增重无显著差异(P>0.05),且免疫对照组和免疫加药组肠道病变记分和卵囊产量无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对雏鸡肠道有轻微损伤,且对鸡增重有一定影响;L-NMMA可降低鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对试验鸡增重的影响,且不影响疫苗的免疫效果。 相似文献
8.
将堆型艾美耳球虫保定株裂殖子3-1E基因,插入到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（＋）中,构建重组表达质粒pcDNA-3-1E,用碱裂解法大量提取重组表达质粒,纯化后免疫接种1周龄雏鸡。分别设高（100μg）、中（50μg）、低（25μg）3个剂量组,同时设活卵囊接种组、非免疫感染组和健康对照组。在7日龄时首免,14日龄加强免疫,1周后用2.5×105个E.acervulina保定株球虫孢子化卵囊进行攻毒试验。结果显示50μg的剂量可使试验鸡产生较强的抗球虫效果,攻虫鸡的卵囊产量下降67.67%,肠道病变记分降低66.96%,并使鸡的相对增重率达88.36%,ACI值为176.06。 相似文献
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为了研究鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对免疫鸡增重的影响及一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂(L-NMMA)对免疫鸡增重和免疫效果的影响。取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组(C1、C2)和单剂量重复接种组(T1、T2),T1、T2组按推荐免疫剂量单剂量重复接种鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,C1和T1、C2和T2分别于二次接种后第7、14天逐只空腹称重,剖检记录十二指肠、空肠和盲肠病变记分,取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和盲肠进行病理组织学检查。另选取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组C20、攻毒对照组T21、免疫对照组T22和免疫加药组T23,T22和T23按推荐免疫剂量两次免疫鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,T23在免疫的同时腹腔注射L-NMMA,二免后第14天T21、T22和T23均接种鸡球虫混合强毒,测定SPF雏鸡平均增重、相对增重、肠道(十二指肠、空肠和盲肠)病变记分、病变记分减少率(RLS)、血便记分、死亡率及卵囊产量等指标。结果显示,接种组的平均增重显著低于未接种组(P0.05),接种组的十二指肠、空肠和盲肠有轻微病变且黏膜上皮细胞均有不同程度损伤和脱落;免疫加L-NMMA组一免、二免后及攻毒后试验鸡的平均增重均极显著高于免疫攻毒对照组(P0.01),且与空白对照组鸡的平均增重无显著差异(P0.05),且免疫对照组和免疫加药组肠道病变记分和卵囊产量无显著差异(P0.05)。说明鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对雏鸡肠道有轻微损伤,且对鸡增重有一定影响;L-NMMA可降低鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对试验鸡增重的影响,且不影响疫苗的免疫效果。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2017,(7)
为检验本课题研制的球虫疫苗免疫增效助悬剂对疫苗免疫效果的功效。通过测定免疫攻毒鸡的相对增重率、死亡率、病变记分、卵囊减少率等来观察和分析鸡球虫病疫苗免疫增效助悬剂对疫苗免疫产生期的影响。结果显示,与饮水对照组相比,增效助悬剂组的相对饮水率为105.89%;一次免疫,增效剂免疫组和免疫对照组鸡群已能对大剂量强毒株攻击产生保护力,但病变记分均≥1,相对增重未达到80%,未达到良好免疫效果;二次免疫,增效剂免疫攻毒组于二免后第6天产生良好免疫保护,免疫对照组于二免后第7天达到良好免疫效果。表明球虫疫苗免疫增效助悬剂不影响雏鸡饮水,且使用该助悬剂可缩短免疫产生期。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献