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1.
在常规养殖环境中,对不同日龄肉鸡分别给予250 mg/L和333 mg/L 50%盐酸土霉素可溶性粉,集中饮水给药,每日1次,连续5 d。停药后4 h,1 d,3 d,5 d,6 d,7 d,8 d,9 d,10 d宰杀肉鸡,采集可食性组织(肌肉、肝脏和鸡胗)样品,肌肉、肝脏和鸡胗组织中的残留量采用UPLC-MS/MS测定。结果表明:土霉素主要残留在肝脏组织中;肌肉、肝脏和鸡胗组织的消除速率相似;停药5 d后,两个剂量组的肌肉、肝脏中土霉素残留量均低于最高残留限量(MRL)。休药期计算软件WTl.4结果显示,上述两种方法给药后,建议休药期分别为7、8 d。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨酵母硒对蛋鸡组织和鸡蛋中氟苯尼考残留的影响,将180只132日龄京红1号蛋鸡随机分成两组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+250 mg/kg酵母硒,连续5 d氟苯尼考以1 g/kg剂量拌料给药。收集给药第2天至停药后第14天的鸡蛋,采集停药后7 d的蛋鸡心脏、脾脏、卵巢等组织,测定氟苯尼考残留量。结果显示:与对照组相比,添加酵母硒降低了鸡蛋中氟苯尼考的最高残留量,并使鸡蛋中的氟苯尼考残留时间稍有延长;组织分布表现为卵巢中氟苯尼考含量极显著降低(P0.01),肺脏和脾脏药物含量极显著升高(P0.01)。综上,开产前期蛋鸡饲喂酵母硒在一定程度上延长氟苯尼考在鸡蛋中的残留时间,也会改变氟苯尼考在不同脏器中的含量分布。  相似文献   

3.
三种喹诺酮类药物在鸡蛋中残留消除规律的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
建立了一种检测三种喹诺酮类药物在鸡蛋中残留的高效液相色谱-荧光检测法。利用建立的方法对三种喹诺酮类药物在产蛋期蛋鸡用药后鸡蛋中的浓度进行了测定,并根据测定值研究了鸡蛋中药物的残留消除规律。400kg水中分别添加不同含量的诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星．连续给药3d,使用高效液相色谱法对鸡蛋中三种喹诺酮类药物残留进行分析。结果表明,停药8d时,鸡蛋中检出的诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星的浓度均低于10μg/kg;停药12d时,鸡蛋中检出的恩诺沙星的浓度低于10μg／蚝。建议诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星在临床上蛋鸡产蛋前10d左右停用,恩诺沙星在临床上蛋鸡产蛋前14d左右停用。  相似文献   

4.
本研究建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测鸡蛋中地克珠利含量的方法,并研究了地克珠利在鸡蛋中的残留消除规律。健康高产蛋鸡给予1mg/L 0.5%地克珠利溶液,集中饮水给药,连续给药12d,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定给药期间和停药后不同时间鸡蛋中地克珠利的残留量,用WT1.4软件计算地克珠利的弃蛋期。结果表明,在给药期间,蛋清、蛋黄和全蛋中地克珠利残留浓度呈上升趋势,在第12d时浓度达到峰值,且在蛋黄中残留量高于蛋清。停药后,地克珠利在蛋清、蛋黄和全蛋中的消除半衰期分别为6.93d、2.57d和1.78d,地克珠利在蛋清中消除最缓慢。本试验通过研究地克珠利在鸡蛋中的残留消除规律,首次确定地克珠利在鸡蛋中的最大残留限量为240 μg/kg,弃蛋期从给药第5d至停药第8d,共16d,为蛋鸡安全用药和保障食品安全提供科学依据。  相似文献   

5.
环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)在鸡蛋中残留的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
应用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测了鸡蛋中环丙沙星的残留。鸡蛋经乙腈溶液提取,提取液真空干燥后用流动相溶解。以0.015mol/L四丁基溴化铵/乙腈(94/6,V/V)作流动相,用SymmetryC18柱(5μm,3.9mm×150mm),在激发波长280nm、发射波长455nm处,用荧光检测器检测。将环丙沙星以0.05、0.50、1.00mg/kg分别添加到空白鸡蛋样品中,测得鸡蛋样品中环丙沙星的回收率分别为(82.2±6.8)%、(84.5±5.9)%、(87.9±4.7)%,相对标准差均低于8.3%。用该方法测定鸡蛋中环丙沙星的最低检测限为0.01mg/kg。各试验组产蛋鸡给药剂量分别按10.0、20.0mg/kg(体质量)内服环丙沙星水溶液,每天给药1次,连续5d。停药后鸡蛋中环丙沙星残留消除缓慢;休药8~9d时,鸡蛋中环丙沙星残留量低于0.03mg/kg;休药9~10d时,鸡蛋中环丙沙星残留量均低于最低检测限(0.01mg/kg);且随着环丙沙星给药剂量的增大,环丙沙星在鸡蛋中的残留量也相应增大。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究阿莫西林在鸡组织中残留消除规律。鸡组织样品经磷酸二氢钠溶液提取,乙腈去蛋白,正己烷去脂肪,饱和二氯甲烷萃取,上清液经水杨醛在酸性条件下沸水浴衍生化后,在激发波长358nm、发射波长440nm处用高效液相色谱荧光检测器检测。该方法测定鸡组织中阿莫西林的检测限为5μg/kg、定量限为13μg/kg。阿莫西林在鸡组织样品中平均回收率为73.64%~88.82%,相对标准差为6.21%~9.63%。各试验组京海黄鸡分别按体质量以30、60mg/kg剂量内服阿莫西林,每天1次,连续给药7d,休药4h后(零休药期)各组织中阿莫西林残留量最高,休药第3天各组织中阿莫西林残留量均迅速降低;休药后第5天阿莫西林残留量低于最高残留限量(50μg/kg);休药第9天所有组织中阿莫西林残留量均低于检测限;休药后相同时间点鸡肌肉中药物残留量最低,肝脏中的药物残留量最高;阿莫西林在鸡肾脏中残留比鸡肌肉、肝脏消除缓慢且消除时间长;阿莫西林在鸡组织中的残留量与给药剂量呈正相关。根据WT1.4软件计算所得,建议黄羽肉鸡按体质量以30、60mg/kg剂量给药,每天1次,连续7d后,其休药期(WT)分别为3、4d。  相似文献   

7.
本研究建立了猪肝脏、肾脏、肌肉和脂肪中盐酸莱克多巴胺的高效液相色谱检测方法。方法的检测限为1ng/g,定量限为2 ng/g,肝脏的平均回收率在73.4%～83.2%,变异系数在2.1%～6.6%;肾脏的平均回收率在73.1%～95.5%,变异系数在3.8%～4.0%;肌肉的平均回收率在80.7%～82.5%,变异系数在4.9%～9.1%;脂肪的平均回收率在73.3%～78.8%,变异系数在2.9%～6.7%。对60头健康猪以18 mg/kg的剂量混饲给药28d,停药饲喂14 d。在给药7、142、8 d和停药1、2、3、7、9、14 d分别屠宰6头猪,取各组织进行残留量测定。结果显示：肾脏中残留量最高,肝脏其次,残留量在停药期间较给药期间显著降低。其中肾脏和肝脏中的残留量分别在停药14 d、停药9 d后降至定量限以下;肌肉和脂肪中的残留量显著低于肾脏和肝脏,给药28 d时,残留基本低于定量限;停药1 d时均低至检测限以下。  相似文献   

8.
以竞争酶联免疫分析手段,通过选择养蜂生产中常用的链霉素和土霉素作为试验代表药物,研究蜂蜜中药物残留消除情况,探讨药物的休药期,以找到合适的给药途径和休药期。试验结果显示,链霉素在给药后33 d,土霉素在给药后43 d,两者在蜂蜜中的残留量分别是5.67、7.77μg/kg,已经符合欧盟、日本及美国等进口方最严要求(≤10μg/kg)。  相似文献   

9.
建立了猪肝脏、肾脏、肌肉和脂肪中盐酸沃尼妙林的高效液相色谱检测方法并研究盐酸沃尼妙林预混剂在猪体内各组织中的残留消除规律。对24头健康猪以200mg/kg的剂量混饲给药21d。在停药后0、6、12、18、24、36h分别宰杀4头猪,采集各组织进行药物残留测定。方法的检测限为0.025～0.062 5μg/g,定量限为0.05～0.1μg/g,肝脏的平均回收率为75.5%～76.4%,变异系数为2.3%～3.8%;肾脏的平均回收率为75.8%～78.5%,变异系数为4.1%～6.0%;肌肉的平均回收率为79.3%～80.0%,变异系数为3.0%～4.7%;脂肪的平均回收率为76.7%～77.3%,变异系数为3.3%～5.4%。结果表明,盐酸沃尼妙林在肝脏中残留量最高,肾脏其次;肌肉和脂肪中的残留量显著低于肝脏和肾脏,停药24h时,残留量低于定量限;停药36h时残留量均低至检测限以下。盐酸沃尼妙林预混剂在猪组织中消除迅速,建议休药期为2d。  相似文献   

10.
旨在研究氨苄西林在鸡组织中残留消除规律。鸡组织样品经磷酸二氢钠溶液提取,乙腈去蛋白质,正己烷去脂肪,饱和二氯甲烷萃取,上清液经甲醛在酸性条件下沸水浴衍生化后,在激发波长327nm、发射波长409nm处用高效液相色谱荧光检测器检测。结果显示:该方法测定鸡组织中氨苄西林的检测限为3.5μg·kg-1(S/N=3)、定量限为10.0μg·kg-1(S/N=10)。氨苄西林在鸡组织样品中平均回收率在75.31%~85.87%,变异系数均低于10.20%。各试验组京海黄鸡分别按体重以120、240mg·(kg·d)-1剂量内服氨苄西林,每天1次,连续7d给药后,休药4h(零休药期),各组织中氨苄西林的残留量最高,并在休药后第3天迅速降低。休药第5天后所有组织中氨苄西林残留量均低于最高残留限量(50μg·kg-1),休药第9天各组织中氨苄西林残留量均低于检测限。休药后相同时间点鸡肌肉中药物残留量最低,肝中的药物残留量最高;氨苄西林在肾中残留比肌肉、肝消除缓慢且消除时间长。氨苄西林在鸡肌肉、肝和肾中的残留量均与给药剂量呈正相关。根据WT1.4软件按95%置信区间计算所得,建议黄羽肉鸡按体重以120、240mg·(kg·d)-1剂量给药,每天1次,连续7d后,其休药期(WT)分别为4和5d。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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