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1.
中国地方鸡种肌肉微量元素含量比较研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对我国肖山鸡、白耳鸡、狼山鸡、乌骨鸡、油鸡、白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）、肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀）７个地方鸡种１２周龄肌肉Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｅ元素含量进行了分析。结果显示：Ｆｅ含量在白耳鸡和油鸡肌肉中最高,而肖山鸡和狼山鸡含量最低;Ｃｕ含量在白耳鸡和肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀）肌肉中最高,而白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）含量最低;Ｚｎ含量在油鸡肌肉中最高,其次为白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）;Ｃｒ含量在白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）肌肉中含量最高,其次为肖山鸡、油鸡、乌骨鸡,狼山鸡含量最低;Ｓｅ含量在油鸡肌肉中含量最高,白耳鸡及肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀）含量较低;Ｍｎ含量在各地方鸡种间无明显的差异。 相似文献
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地方鸡肌肉中常量化学成分含量变化规律研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对中国４个地方鸡种（肖山鸡、白耳鸡、狼山鸡、北京油鸡）及２个杂交种（白耳鸡（♂）×肖山鸡（♀）、肖山鸡（♂）×白耳鸡（♀））不同周龄肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、灰分、钙、磷含量进行比较分析。结果表明,在１２周龄前,随着日龄的增长,地方鸡（杂）种肌肉内水分、灰分、钙的含量逐渐下降,而蛋白质含量逐渐上升,磷的含量则变化不大。 相似文献
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对新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔 (A系 )、齐卡兔 (G系 )、布列塔尼亚兔 (A系 ,♂ )×新西兰白兔 (♀ )、布列塔尼亚兔 (A系 ) (♂ )×加利福尼亚兔 (♀ )、齐卡兔 (G系 ) (♂ )×新西兰白兔 (♀ )、齐卡兔 (G系 ) (♂ )×加利福尼亚兔 (♀ ) 10 0日龄血浆碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)、谷草转氨酶 (GOT)、谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)活性 ,及其与 10 0日龄体重、平均日增重和料重比的相关性进行了研究。结果表明 :齐卡兔 (G系 )、齐卡兔 (G系 ) (♂ )×新西兰白兔 (♀ )、布列塔尼亚兔 (A系 )血浆AKP活性显著高于新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔 (A系 ) (♂ )×加利福尼亚兔 (♀ )(P <0 .0 5 )。 8个品种 (或组合 )兔血浆GOT活性之间没有显著差异。加利福尼亚兔血浆GPT活性显著高于齐卡兔 (G系 ) (♂ )×加利福尼亚兔 (♀ ) ,其它 6个品种 (或组合 )兔之间差异不显著。 8个品种 (或组合 )兔血浆AKP活性与 10 0日龄体重、平均日增重均呈正相关 ,总相关系数均达极显著水平 (P <0 .0 1) ,与料重比呈负相关 ,相关不显著。 8个品种 (或组合 )兔血浆GOT活性与 10 0日龄体重、平均日增重、料重比相关趋势不一致 ,总相关系数不显著。 8个品种 (或组合 )兔血浆GPT活性与 10 0日龄体重、平均日增重基本上呈负相关 ,? 相似文献
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以乌骨鸡(泰和鸡)为主要研究对象，以白耳鸡、罗曼蛋鸡、石歧杂、康达尔黄鸡、爱拔益加为对照，测定了其肌肉肌苷酸的含量。结果表明，在测定的鸡种中，乌骨鸡肌肉肌苷酸含量最高，爱拔益加最低；随着品种体重的增大，肌肉肌苷酸的含量有下降的趋势；各品种鸡体重与肌肉肌苷酸有一负相关的迹象。 相似文献
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鸡和鹌鹑形态上有很大差异 ,且鹌鹑精液在体外的存活时时间很短 ,大约 (12± 4 )min。为了深入地研究鸡与鹌鹑的属间杂交 ,研究通过鸡 (♂ )×鹌鹑 (♀ )正交和鹌鹑 (♂ )×鸡 (♀ )反交人工授精试验 ,对输入精液后每隔 1,4 ,7,9h解剖母禽观察其生殖道结构、电导率及其内分泌的酸碱度。结果表明 :鸡和鹌鹑生殖道分泌物 pH值、电导、长度都有很大差异。通过显微观察 ,鸡 (♂ )×鹌鹑 (♀ )正交及鹌鹑 (♂ )×鸡 (♀ )反交后 ,其精子在体内的存活时间长于 1h ,鹌鹑精液大大长于在体外的存活时间 ,精子能在 1h后到达漏斗部。 相似文献
9.
黄羽鹌鹑与其自别雌雄配套系杂种生产性能比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过测定纯系黄羽鹌鹑及其 3种自别雌雄配套系黄羽 (♂ )×栗羽 (♀ ) ,黄羽 (♂ )×白羽 (♀ ) ,白羽 (♂ )×黄羽(♀ )杂种的种蛋孵化成绩、生长发育状况和产蛋性能 ,表明纯系黄羽鹌鹑与其 3种杂交组合的杂种之间受精蛋的孵化率、健雏率、生长发育状况和产蛋性能差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。纯系黄羽鹌鹑及其杂种的产蛋高峰期为 16～ 2 4周龄 ,产蛋率在 90 %以上 ;10～ 36周龄的产蛋率在 80 %以上。 相似文献
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GPAT、AIRC和PURH基因作为肌苷酸合成过程中的酶系基因,它们对鸡肌肉肌苷酸含量均具有显著的效应.为了进一步验证这3个基因对肌苷酸含量的遗传效应,本研究以白耳鸡为试验材料,采用PCR-SSCP和测序相结合的方法,分析了这3个基因的单基因以及合并基因型对鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量的影响.结果表明:GPAT、AIRC和PURH基因均对白耳鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量的差异产生影响,均与鸡肌肉IMP含量存在显著关联(P<0.05),这3个位点可作为影响鸡肌肉肌苷酸含量的分子标记;合并基因型的遗传效应要高于最优秀的单个基因型效应.因此,可以利用合并基因型对鸡的肉质风味性状进行标记辅助选择. 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
16.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
20.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献