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低氮胁迫对不同耐低氮性玉米品种苗期生长和生理特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以4个不同耐低氮性玉米品种为材料,采用盆栽试验研究低氮胁迫对玉米苗期生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,低氮胁迫下玉米苗期株高、叶面积、地上部干重、单株干重、氮积累量、地上部氮分配比例及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白等指标均显著下降;根冠比、根系氮分配比例、氮素生理效率、可溶性糖、MDA、脯氨酸和POD等均显著升高,根系干重在各氮水平下差异不明显。低氮胁迫下,耐低氮品种株高、叶面积、单株干重、地上部干重、根冠比、氮积累量、地上部氮分配比例、根系氮分配比例和叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、MDA变化幅度低于不耐低氮品种,而氮素生理效率、可溶性糖、脯氨酸和POD变化幅度则大于不耐低氮品种。与不耐低氮品种相比,耐低氮品种通过保持地上部氮分配比例,较高的叶绿素含量和较大叶面积来维持较强的光合生产能力;通过保持较高的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸等有机渗透物质含量和较强的POD活性来降低膜脂过氧化伤害,延缓叶片衰老,从而提高了其对低氮环境的适应性。 相似文献
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盐分胁迫对紫穗槐幼苗生理生化特性的影响 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
本研究通过人为控制土壤盐分梯度,以盆栽当年生紫穗槐幼苗为材料,研究不同盐分条件下紫穗槐叶片光合速率、酶活性、有机渗透调节物质等生理特性,探讨紫穗槐耐盐机制。结果表明,随盐分胁迫程度的加剧,紫穗槐幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、K+含量逐渐下降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物歧化酶(POD)活性、Na+、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量则显著上升;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素含量随土壤盐分浓度的增加逐渐增大,而叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量之比无显著变化。以上生理指标反映出紫穗槐幼苗对盐渍环境的适应性变化,是其抵御逆境的一种积极调节机制。 相似文献
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氮磷对马蹄金抗旱性的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究氮磷对马蹄金(Dichondra repens)出苗期、成坪期、旺盛期和衰退期抗旱生理指标的影响。结果表明:施磷后马蹄金根系活力上升,超氧化物歧化酶活性提高,增强了避旱能力,其中高磷(1.50kg P2O5/100m2)的效果最好;低氮(0.24kg N/100m2、0.57kg N/100m2)使叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖和叶绿素含量增加,通过渗透调节提高其耐旱性,但高氮则使叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性降低,丙二醛大量累积,加重了水分胁迫程度;马蹄金受水肥影响最主要的抗旱生理指标为:叶片脯氨酸含量、根系活力和叶绿素含量。 相似文献
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盐分胁迫对桑树叶片中渗透调节物质含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以农桑14号、昂绿1号、湖桑32号、鲁插1号4个桑树品种的2年生嫁接苗为试验材料,研究以不同浓度盐分胁迫不同时间后桑树叶片内渗透调节物质含量的变化。在盐分胁迫下,4个桑树品种叶片中的脯氨酸及可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的变化呈现一定规律性,且品种间具有显著差异。4个桑树品种叶片中的脯氨酸含量在各种浓度盐分胁迫初期都迅速增加,但高浓度盐分胁迫后期叶片中的脯氨酸含量在品种间表现出显著差异;可溶性糖含量的变化在各种浓度盐分胁迫期间都表现出先升高后降低的趋势,但各个品种下降的时期不同;可溶性蛋白含量随盐分胁迫的持续不断降低,但湖桑32号和鲁插1号叶片中的可溶性蛋白含量在高浓度盐分胁迫后期略有升高。以上结果提示:在桑树对盐分胁迫的响应过程中,叶片中的渗透调节物质可能起到一定的调节作用,而不同品种间表现出的差异性可能与品种的抗盐能力有关。 相似文献
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《草业与畜牧》2014,(3)
以"帕特"("Putter")匍茎翦股颖品种为供试材料,测定干旱胁迫下叶片枯黄率、相对含水量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸等生理指标,分析外源脱落酸(ABA)与多效唑(PP333)提高匍茎翦股颖抗旱性效应。结果显示,干旱胁迫下,匍茎翦股颖叶片枯黄率增加,相对含水量逐步降低,适宜浓度的外源ABA与PP333能明显降低干旱胁迫下匍茎翦股颖叶片枯黄率,提高其相对含水量。与直接干旱胁迫相比,外源ABA处理提高了可溶性糖含量,减缓可溶性蛋白含量下降,而外源PP333则提高了脯氨酸含量。以上结果表明,ABA与PP333预处理能有效提高匍茎翦股颖抗旱性可能与促进有机渗透调节物质—脯氨酸、可溶性糖的积累,抑制蛋白降解有关。 相似文献
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以黑龙江野生白三叶、瑞文德、普通红三叶和杂三叶为研究对象,通过盆栽控水形成5个干旱梯度,测定土壤相对含水量、叶片相对含水量、水势、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量的变化.结果表明:随着土壤干旱时间的延长,三叶草叶片游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量都呈明显增加趋势,并且品种间表现不同.从渗透调节物质与叶片水分的相关分析上看,三种物质与叶片水势、叶片相对含水量都呈负相关.游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质三种物质在水分胁迫时的渗透调节作用是协同的,各物质之间在处理的整个进程中都表现出正相关关系. 相似文献
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为了明确氮素营养对小麦生育后期一些生理特性的影响,提高氮素利用率,本试验以豫麦49-198为材料,在河南科技大学试验农场,通过设置120,180,240和300 kg/hm2四个氮素水平,系统研究了小麦抽穗后旗叶光合速率,丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等生理性状的变化。结果表明,在一定范围内随施氮水平的增加可以显著提高可溶性糖、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质的含量,增加SOD、POD、CAT活性,降低MDA含量,但施氮水平超过一定水平后,各指标增幅(降幅)不明显或呈下降趋势。研究表明,在本试验条件下,施氮水平在240 kg/hm2时,光合速率和可溶性糖含量等生理指标达到最大值,因此,在4个氮素处理水平中,240 kg/hm2氮素处理最有利于小麦的生长发育和产量提高。 相似文献
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氮肥用量对粮饲兼用玉米产量和饲用品质形成的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本研究分析了陇中黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区全膜双垄沟播模式下不同氮肥施用量(N1:0 kg·hm-2,N2:100 kg·hm-2,N3:200 kg·hm-2,N4:300 kg·hm-2)对粮饲兼用玉米(Zea mays)产量和品质形成的影响。结果表明,相同P、K肥条件下,在0~300 kg·hm-2纯N用量范围内,粮饲兼用玉米叶面积指数(LAI),叶片、叶鞘和茎秆的干物质量,持绿性,以及籽粒产量和生物产量都随施氮量的增加而增加;中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量随着施氮量的升高而降低,随生育进程增加;粗蛋白含量随着施氮量的升高而增加,随生育进程降低;相同施氮量处理下的叶片中NDF和ADF含量在不同时期均低于叶鞘;高的施氮量也有利于籽粒饲用品质的改善。因此,适量增施氮肥能明显提高粮饲兼用玉米产量,改善其品质。建议陇中旱农区采用全膜双垄沟播技术种植粮饲兼用玉米时氮肥用量为纯N 300 kg·hm-2,既能提高生物产量和籽粒产量,又能改善青贮和饲用品质。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献