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1.
以甜菜树为原料,总黄酮提取率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化乙醇回流法提取总黄酮的最佳工艺条件,并就总黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除作用进行了初步研究。结果表明,甜菜树总黄酮最佳提取工艺参数为:乙醇体积分数85%,料液比1∶40(g/m L),提取温度80℃,提取时间180 min,在该提取工艺条件下,得到甜菜树总黄酮平均提取率为1.67%。总黄酮质量浓度在0.009 3~0.046 5 mg/m L时,对DPPH·、·OH、O2-·的清除率可分别达到88.39%、91.47%、46.29%,说明甜菜树总黄酮具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。 相似文献
2.
藤三七总黄酮的超声波辅助提取及其抗氧化性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以藤三七为原料,采用超声波辅助提取总黄酮,利用正交试验优化其提取工艺,并从清除羟基自由基(·OH)、1,1-苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的能力3个角度评价其抗氧化性。结果表明,超声波辅助提取藤三七总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数80%,液料比40∶1(m L/g),超声时间60 min,超声温度40℃。在该条件下,总黄酮平均提取率为18.51%。超声波辅助提取的总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化性,对·OH、DPPH·、O2-·清除作用明显,且其质量浓度与抗氧化活性呈量效关系,是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂。 相似文献
3.
以石榴皮为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化石榴皮中黄酮化合物的微波辅助提取工艺,并就其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)清除能力进行探讨。结果表明,石榴皮黄酮化合物的微波辅助提取最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%,液料比40∶1(m L/g),微波提取时间2.70min,该条件下黄酮提取率的平均值为(4.424±0.168)%,与模型预测的黄酮提取率4.523%相近。制得的石榴皮提取物对DPPH·清除试验的IC_(50)为0.187 mg/m L,说明其具有较强的抗氧化活性。 相似文献
4.
应用响应面法对超声波辅助提取黄瓜皮多酚的工艺进行优化,并对多酚的抗氧化活性进行了研究。以多酚提取率为响应值,选取超声温度、乙醇浓度、液料比、超声时间为自变量,应用Box-Behnken对试验进行设计和响应面优化,并通过多酚对羟自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除效果来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,黄瓜皮多酚的最佳提取工艺为:超声温度65℃,乙醇浓度62%,液料比26∶1(mL/g),超声时间31 min。在此条件下,测得多酚提取率实际值为(10.29±0.14)mg/g,理论值和实际值相对误差是0.39%,由此可以说明应用响应面法所得到的提取工艺参数可行性强、可靠性高。黄瓜皮多酚对·OH和DPPH·清除率的IC50值分别为116.60 mg/L和57.41 mg/L,表明黄瓜皮多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性与多酚浓度呈正相关,该研究为将黄瓜皮多酚开发成天然抗氧剂提供理论基础。 相似文献
5.
为了优化玉米苞叶多酚微波辅助提取工艺及研究其抗氧化性,本研究以多酚提取率为指标,在分别考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、微波功率和微波时间对玉米苞叶多酚提取影响的基础上,进行响应面设计实验,并以对·OH和DPPH·的半清除率(IC50)评价玉米苞叶多酚的抗氧化性。结果显示,玉米苞叶多酚微波辅助提取的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数50%、料液比1∶40(g/mL)、微波功率390 W,微波时间60 s。该工艺条件下,玉米苞叶多酚提取率为2.647 mg/g,与模型理论预测值(2.673 mg/g)的相对误差仅为0.98%,表明该工艺稳定、可靠。玉米苞叶多酚与BHT对·OH的IC50分别为4.28μg/mL和23.41μg/mL,对DPPH·的IC50分别为5.84μg/mL和27.57μg/mL,表明玉米苞叶多酚具有较强的抗氧化性。本研究为玉米苞叶多酚的提取及其抗氧化活性的深入研究提供了依据。 相似文献
6.
为优化益智总黄酮超声辅助提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性,以益智总黄酮提取率为指标,在单因素试验考察甲醇浓度、超声时间及液料比对总黄酮提取率影响的基础上,采用响应面试验设计优化了超声辅助提取工艺,利用DPPH自由基法、ABTS自由基法和FRAP法评价了其体外抗氧化活性,并分析了益智总黄酮含量与其抗氧化活性的相关性.结果表明,益智总黄酮超声辅助提取最佳工艺为:甲醇浓度100％,超声时间20 min,液料比25:1(mL/g),该条件下益智总黄酮提取率达0.757％.益智体外具有较强的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的IC50值分别在0.851～3.188 mg/mL(相当于生药)、0.642～1.789 mg/mL(相当于生药)之间,FRAP值在0.029～0.111 mmol/L之间,总黄酮含量与清除DPPH自由基的IC50值和总抗氧化能力FRAP值呈显著相关(P<0.05),但与清除ABTS自由基IC50值相关性不显著. 相似文献
7.
以野生蛤蒌为原料,以黄酮类化合物提取率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化超声-微波提取野生蛤蒌中黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件。通过颜色和荧光反应鉴定蛤蒌黄酮提取液中黄酮类化合物种类,并测定其总抗氧化性、还原能力和对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH·)的清除效果。结果表明,超声-微波提取野生蛤蒌中黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺为:提取剂为体积分数50%乙醇,超声时间20 min,微波时间10 min,微波功率为260 W,料液比1∶40(g/m L),在该工艺条件下得到的黄酮类化合物的平均提取率为6.903%。蛤蒌黄酮提取液中黄酮物质的种类可能主要为:双氢黄酮、查尔酮和黄酮醇等。每克蛤蒌黄酮提取物的总抗氧化能力相当于107 mg抗坏血酸的抗氧化能力,其还原能力大于BHT,小于抗坏血酸,清除DPPH·的IC50为0.242 mg/m L。 相似文献
8.
为优化西瓜中番茄红素微波辅助提取工艺,明确番茄红素的抗氧化活性,以番茄红素提取量为指标,通过单因素结合正交试验优化西瓜中番茄红素微波辅助提取工艺条件,并以BHT为阳性对照,利用清除DPPH·法和·OH法评价西瓜番茄红素的抗氧化活性。结果表明,微波辅助提取西瓜中番茄红素最佳工艺条件为:以体积比7∶1的乙酸乙酯-丙酮混合溶液为提取剂,微波功率260 W,微波时间60 s,料液比1∶12(g/mL),提取次数2次。此工艺条件下,西瓜中番茄红素的提取量为1.602 mg/g。西瓜番茄红素与BHT清除DPPH·的IC_(50)分别为8.95μg/mL与20.36μg/mL;清除·OH的IC_(50)分别为4.44μg/mL与10.44μg/mL,表明西瓜番茄红素具有很强的抗氧化活性。 相似文献
9.
首乌藤是传统的药食同源植物,为进一步研究其生物活性成分,以乙醇溶液浸提,结合超声波辅助方法,采用L9(34)正交实验设计研究了首乌藤黄酮的最佳提取工艺,并测定了其对羟自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH.)的清除结果。结果表明,黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度60℃,乙醇体积分数50%,提取时间40 min,超声波功率200 W,料液比1∶15,提取次数2次,该条件下总提取率可达21.35%。在一定范围内,提取物对.OH的清除效果与其浓度呈线性关系(R2=0.994 7),IC50为0.130 mg/mL;对DPPH.有较强的清除能力,其IC50值为0.032 mg/mL。试验表明,首乌藤含有丰富的黄酮类化合物,具有体外抗氧化活性,是天然的自由基清除剂,有很大的开发前景。 相似文献
10.
以波罗蜜种子为研究对象,在单因素试验的基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验法,探究微波辅助提取波罗蜜种子黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件及其抗氧化活性。结果表明,波罗蜜种子黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率480 W,微波时间20 s,乙醇浓度80%,固液比1∶10(g/m L),浸提温度50℃,浸提时间2.5 h,该工艺条件下平均提取率为5.30%。波罗蜜种子黄酮类化合物具有清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的作用,其抗氧化性明显,当其浓度达0.076 6 mg/m L时,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率超过34%;当其浓度达0.06 mg/m L时,对羟自由基的清除率超过98%。波罗蜜种子黄酮类化合物对油脂的抗氧化性强于BHT,而弱于VC。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
16.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
18.
J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
19.
M. Raj Ahuja 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):5-19
The genetic constitution and diversity of four relictual redwoods are discussed in this review. These include monotypic genera
of the family Cupressaceae: coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides). All four species are narrow endemics, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened
species. Fossil history suggests that the ancestors of redwoods probably originated during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods
and flourished thereafter for millions of years. Towards the end of the Tertiary period began their decline and struggle for
existence that continued during the subsequent geologic upheavals and climate changes, until the survival of the present-day
redwoods in the current restricted locations in the world (USA, China, and South America). Although two species, Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia, are diploids (2n = 22), and the other two are polyploids: Fitzroya a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44), and Sequoia a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66); they all share the same basic chromosome number x = 11. The genome size in the hexaploid Sequoia is one of the largest (31,500 MB) in the conifers, while the genome sizes of diploid Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron are about one-third (~10,000 MB) of Sequoia. Genetic diversity in the redwoods is lower than most other gymnosperms, except in Sequoia, which seems to rank near the upper quarter of the coniferous forest trees. Genomic research is sparse in the redwoods, and
should be pursued for a better understanding of their genome structure, function, and adaptive genetic diversity. 相似文献
20.
The induction in vitro of adventitious shoots in Rosa 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Summary Adventitious shoots were formed on excised leaves, roots and callus of Rosa persica x xanthina and on excised leaves of R. laevigata and R. wichuraiana on culture media that included BAP and NAA as growth regulators. Shoots formed freely on freshly cultured callus of R. persica x xanthina but their production declined in successive cultures and ceased after twelve weeks. Transplantation to soil was improved by rooting plantlets in cellulose plugs in vitro and transferring plantlets to soil while still in the plugs. 相似文献