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影响苜蓿干草中蛋白质含量的因素研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过对6个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种、4个收割时期、4种干燥方法处理干草的蛋白质含量测定,结果表明:不同品种在不同时期收割,采用不同干燥方法处理的苜蓿干草的蛋白质含量各不相同,而且差异极显著.6个苜蓿品种中国外品种以皇后苜蓿蛋白质含量较高,国内品种以沧州苜蓿蛋白质含量较高;基于蛋白质含量为目的应选择现蕾期或初花期为最佳收割时期;4种干燥方法中高温烘干法干草的蛋白质含量最高, 压扁法以轻压扁效果较好, 可使干草蛋白质损失量比未压扁减少近3倍, 重压扁法蛋白质损失较多,效果较差. 相似文献
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为确定田间调制苜蓿干草适宜的压扁程度,本试验以紫花苜蓿为研究材料,通过不同程度压扁茎秆处理,分析苜蓿在调制过程中水分散失规律、干燥特性及营养成分含量,并利用体外消化试验进行验证。结果表明,在苜蓿干燥过程中,含水量均呈现先快后慢的下降趋势,压扁处理苜蓿干燥速度显著快于未压扁处理(P<0.05),压扁程度越大,干燥速度越快;重度压扁处理使苜蓿茎叶干燥趋于同步,叶片保存率较高;中度压扁处理苜蓿干草营养成分保存较好,干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)体外消化率高。综合分析认为,中度压扁为紫花苜蓿干草田间调制过程中适宜的压扁程度。 相似文献
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收获期和干燥方法对苜蓿干草质量的影响 总被引：42，自引：4，他引：38
本试验研究不同收获期和不同干燥方法对第-茬苜蓿干草营养成分的影响,结果表明:①随着收获期的推迟,苜蓿干草的粗蛋白(CP)和胡萝卜素含量显著下降,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著上升(P<0.01),灰分含量差异不显著。上述化学分析结果表明,在现蕾期刈割的干草营养成分最好,其次是初花期、盛花期和结荚期。②压扁处理能显著提高干草的CP、胡萝卜素含量,降低NDF、ADF含量。与日光处理和阴干处理相比,压扁处理明显地缩短了田间的干燥时间,从而减少叶片损失和牧草的呼吸作用,以及光化学作用和酶活动的损失,达到提高干草质量的目的。压扁处理明显优于日光曝晒和阴干这两种干燥方法。 相似文献
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压扁处理对紫花苜蓿干燥特性及干草品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究紫花苜蓿干草田间调制过程中干燥特性及营养成分的变化规律,试验采用压扁和未压扁二种处理方法,在田间自然晾晒条件下,分别在刈割后和含水量为50%、40%、30%、20%时进行取样分析。结果表明：压扁处理干燥速度显著快于未压处理（P〈0.05）,水分散失均呈先快后慢的趋势;压扁处理显著降低苜蓿叶片的损失（P〈0.05）;含水量为50%、40%、30%、20%时,压扁处理苜蓿干草的粗蛋白、总消化营养物质、无氮浸出物、胡萝卜素含量均明显高于未压处理;中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量明显低于未压扁处理,说明压扁处理能明显提高紫花苜蓿干燥速度,降低叶片损失,改善干草的营养品质。 相似文献
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调制方式对苜蓿青干草干燥特性和营养品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究以种植第2年处于初花期的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为材料,设压扁+喷碳酸钾（2.5%）、压扁茎秆、自然晾晒和阴干4种青干草调制方法,以105 ℃烘干为对照,研究不同调制方法对苜蓿干燥特性和营养品质的影响,并对干草质量进行综合评价。结果表明,除对照外,参试调制方式的苜蓿干燥速率均呈现先快后慢的趋势;对照、压扁+喷碳酸钾（2.5%）都能加速干燥,减少干草营养物质损失;常规晾晒虽缩短了干燥时间,但对干草品质的保持效果不显著。采用灰色关联分析对参试方法的调制效果进行综合评价表明,对照的综合表现最好,其次是压扁+喷碳酸钾（2.5%）,该晾晒方法快速、简便、实用,在生产中值得推荐。 相似文献
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不同调制方法紫花苜蓿干燥特性及干草质量的研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
对6种调制方法紫花苜蓿干燥特性及干草质量进行研究,结果表明,1)在参试的6种调制方法中,紫花苜蓿干燥的快慢顺序是:65℃烘干>压扁 喷碳酸钾溶液=喷碳酸钾溶液>压扁茎秆>自然晒干>风干.2)65℃烘干、压扁 喷碳酸钾溶液及喷碳酸钾溶液3种调制方法因缩短了干燥时间,从而提高了紫花苜蓿干草的质量;压扁茎秆虽可缩短紫花苜蓿的干燥时间,但在提高干草质量上效果不显著.3)采用灰色关联度分析对参试调制方法进行综合评价,结果表明,65℃烘干综合表现最好;其次是压扁 喷碳酸钾溶液及喷碳酸钾溶液,此2种方法调制的干草质量较高且操作简单易行,在生产中可优先选用. 相似文献
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试验采用不同的干燥方法对"黔中金荞麦"茎叶进行加工,并测定各处理组植株的营养成分,以确定调制优质金荞麦干草的有效方法。结果:65℃烘干和"2.5%K2CO3干燥剂+压扁"干燥处理的金荞麦干草营养价值较高。其中65℃烘干处理的金荞麦叶、茎、全株粗蛋白含量分别为22.07%、14.01%、18.55%,营养成分含量最高,但此法加工成本较高;其次"2.5%K2CO3干燥剂+压扁"处理的叶、茎、全株粗蛋白含量分别为21.67%、13.74%、17.66%,干燥效果也较佳,营养损失较少,此法比烘干处理的成本相对较低。结论:在生产上可应用"2.5%K2CO3干燥剂+压扁"的方法加工金荞麦优质干草。 相似文献
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为了研究不同收获期苜蓿干燥过程中叶绿素含量的变化,为包头地区优质苜蓿干草生产提供理论依据,试验对不同收获期(不同茬次、不同花期)紫花苜蓿干草调制过程中的干燥速率、叶绿素的含量以及叶绿素损失率进行测定。结果表明:在天气晴朗的自然条件下干燥,第一茬和第二茬苜蓿干燥时间为4 d左右,秋季最后一茬苜蓿的干燥时间为5 d左右,自然干燥过程中遇到降雨会延长苜蓿的干燥时间;随着生育期的延长,苜蓿鲜草的叶绿素含量逐渐降低,中花期与初花期相比总叶绿素含量降低0.12～1.11 mg/g;第一茬和第三茬初花期苜蓿干草的叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量最高,第二茬苜蓿现蕾期干草的叶绿素含量最高;正常气候条件下干燥,中花期调制的干草叶绿素含量是初花期调制干草的83.7%～95.0%,苜蓿在自然干燥过程中遭遇降雨总叶绿素含量损失率在83%以上,秋季最后一茬调制的干草叶绿素损失率在76%以上,调制干草的色泽整体较差。说明在包头地区第一茬和第三茬的初花期和第二茬的现蕾期调制的苜蓿干草叶绿素含量较高,色泽较好。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献