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为研究新疆地区捕食线虫性真菌的生物活性,本实验采用玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA)培养分离自新疆不同地区的捕食线虫性真菌,通过对分离株纯培养物的形态学观察和18S rDNA基因序列分析,鉴定4株少孢节丛孢菌,分别命名为XA3、XA6、XD1和XD4。18S rDNA基因遗传进化分析表明,XA3、XA6、XD1和XD4新疆分离株之间同源性较高,与GenBank登录的少孢节丛孢菌CBS289.82株同源性最高,分别为99.6%、99.5%、99.1%和98.9%,与形态学鉴定结果一致。捕食线虫活性测定试验表明,4个分离株在CMA中的捕食率为92.8%～97.6%;体外对绵羊粪便中线虫幼虫的捕食率为90.7%～95.4%,均具有很强的捕食活性。本研究为研究绵羊消化道线虫生物防控制剂奠定基础。 相似文献
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高效微生物除臭剂在畜禽粪便堆制中的应用效果及其除臭机理研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为探索治理畜禽粪便所产生恶臭气体对环境污染的新途径,本研究将筛选的数株高效除臭菌和纤维素分解菌群优化组合后制备成复合微生物除臭剂,研究其对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中的除臭效果和对堆肥物料特性的影响,定量分析不同阶段氮元素和硫元素的动态转化和损失途径,初步探讨其除臭机理。结果表明,复合微生物除臭剂具有高效除臭功能,在堆肥的前20 d对氨气和硫化氢的去除率高达70%和60%以上,同时使堆肥的pH、含水率和C/N降低,堆体的温度上升时间加快,高温持续时间延长;猪粪和鸡粪在堆肥第25和20天堆体温度达到最高,高于50 ℃持续15和20 d。堆肥结束时,与自然堆肥相比,微生物除臭剂减少了猪粪和鸡粪堆肥中25.84%和28.65%的氮元素损失,全氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO3--N)含量显著高于自然堆肥(P<0.05);同时促进硫元素向无机硫(SO42-)形式转化, SO42- 含量显著高于自然堆肥(P<0.05)。表明该微生物除臭剂具有高效稳定的除臭作用,并能减少堆肥肥效损失,促进堆肥腐熟,在资源化、无害化处理畜牧业废弃物和治理环境污染方面具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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为筛选具有较好脱除鸡粪堆肥所产生氨气效果的菌株,采集鸡粪及鸡粪堆肥样品,将样品驯化后通过富集、分离、纯化获得一定数量的氨氮降解菌,检测不同菌株的氨氮降解率,筛选降解氨氮能力强的菌株进行鉴定及复配试用于鸡粪堆肥。研究最终获得三株具有较强氨氮降解能力的细菌,包括两株嗜温菌株和一株嗜热菌株,通过形态学观察和16 S rDNA序列同源性分析,确定3个菌株分别为成团泛菌、努比卤地无氧芽孢杆菌和产气肠杆菌,三株细菌72h降解氨氮的能力分别为46.1%、32.2%和44.7%。由三株细菌复配制备的复合菌剂能够降低鸡粪堆肥氨气释放量。获得的菌株不但可用于堆肥过程氨气的脱除,也可以应用于除臭滤塔、除臭室,具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2021,(4)
摘 要:针对异位发酵床运行中存在的臭气问题,本研究对异位发酵床除臭系统进行了优化,分别设置了除臭系统湿帘层数优化试验(2~8层)、除臭菌剂除臭试验和现场应用试验,检测除臭系统在不同试验中对氨气的去除率。结果表明:①发酵床除臭系统在开启3~5层湿帘时对室内空气的抽滤效果最佳;②在模型中,除臭菌剂的添加能够有效去除发酵床产生的氨气,其平均去除效率为(91.67±11.68)%,吸收液pH值平均为7.03±1.16,CODcr/氨氮值从126.93开始波动下降,并在第7天趋于稳定,稳定在10~30;③在现场应用中,除臭系统对氨气的平均去除率为(76.19±11.04)%,除臭菌剂pH值平均值为4.33±0.33。研究表明,5层湿帘配合除臭菌剂的异位发酵床除臭系统具有良好的除臭效果,并且可以循环使用,节约成本。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献