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《中国奶牛》2017,(3)
由牛支原体引起的奶牛支原体肺炎和乳房炎所导致的经济损失非常巨大,而目前我国尚无较详细的奶牛牛支原体病流行病学资料。2008~2016年,本课题组采用牛支原体间接ELISA、直接培养法和特异性PCR检测法对国内12个地区30个规模化奶牛场进行了牛支原体感染情况调查及分析,共对843份血清和60份肺脏、关节液及鼻腔黏液、1 090份乳样中的牛支原体抗体和牛支原体及其核酸进行了检测。结果显示,血清抗体阳性率为52.31%(441/843);病料阳性率为55%(33/60);乳样阳性率为34.22%(373/1090);从样本中共分离保存了55株支原体菌种。检测结果表明,国内大部分奶牛场存在牛支原体感染,部分奶牛场发生牛支原体肺炎、乳房炎及关节炎临床病例,并存在垂直传播的风险。牛支原体感染可能成为危害国内规模化奶牛场奶牛健康的主要疫病之一。 相似文献
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牛支原体、无乳支原体和丝状支原体丝状亚种小克隆三重PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究旨在建立一种可一次性区分牛支原体、丝状支原体丝状亚种小克隆和无乳支原体的三重PCR诊断方法,为临床诊断和流行病学调查提供可靠检测技术.根据GenBank发表的上述3种病原的基因组序列保守区域设计3对特异性引物建立三重PCR方法;确定其检测敏感性,以猪支原体、鸡支原体、无乳支原体和丝状支原体丝状亚种小克隆基因作模板检验其特异性;同时和病原分离鉴定结果对比其准确性.结果表明在优化体系和条件下能够同时得到扩增长度为448、549、375 bp 3条特异性片段,未扩增出猪、鸡支原体模板特异性片段;其敏感性(可检测到的最小模板DNA含量)为0.8 ng·μL-1;36份临床样品检测结果显示,三重PCR检测结果与分离培养鉴定方法一致,均能鉴定出牛支原体阳性病料.本研究建立的三重PCR诊断方法能够一次性鉴别3种支原体,具有高敏感性、特异性和准确性,可用于临床诊断和流行病学调查. 相似文献
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为建立检测牛支原体的间接免疫组织化学(简称免疫组化)方法,分别以鸡抗牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis)IgY、羊抗鸡IgG-HRP为一抗和二抗,对牛支原体菌体涂片和牛支原体阳性肺脏组织切片进行免疫组化染色,并对染色条件进行优化,确定组织触片及组织切片的最佳免疫组化条件。在最佳条件下对病死犊牛病料切片进行免疫组化检测,并以细菌分离培养和PCR方法进行验证。结果显示,免疫组化法阳性标本与分离培养和PCR结果相符,而阴性对照和替代试验均为阴性。结果表明本试验建立的间接免疫组化方法可用于检测临床病例组织样本及培养物中的牛支原体,具有特异性和可靠性,为探究该病原在机体内的定位、动态分布规律及致病机理提供了手段。 相似文献
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为快速检测牛支原体(M.bovis),根据GenBank中登录的M.bovis P81基因序列设计特异性引物,通过条件优化,建立了M.bovis环介导等温扩增(LAMP)检测方法。将该方法的灵敏度与巢式PCR进行对比,并用其检测牛支原体外的其他几种病原菌,同时对疑似感染M.bovis的临床病料进行检测。该方法的灵敏度比巢式PCR高103倍,最低检出限为1.1ng/L,对其他几种病原菌的检测结果均为阴性,临床病料检测结果与分离培养符合率为100%。建立的M.bovis LAMP检测方法灵敏度高、特异性强、检测快速准确,且不需要专门的仪器设备,可用于牛支原体病的临床检测。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(6):20-24
为了筛选一种可靠的PCR方法作为实验室日常快速检测支原体的手段,利用实验室保存的17种55株支原体和13种16株细菌,对5种已发表的支原体属特异性PCR方法进行了评估和筛选。结果显示,方法 4(使用引物对RNA5和MGSO扩增1 021 bp的16S rRNA基因片段)具有良好的特异性,能够完全区分支原体与非支原体细菌,以牛支原体为扩增对象,最低能够检出10 pg牛支原体基因组DNA以及浓度为100 ccu/m L的牛支原体培养物。利用该PCR方法和支原体分离方法检测人工感染牛支原体样品和临床采集样品73份,二者符合率为93.15%。结果表明方法4可作为实验室支原体常规快速检测方法。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献