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以7月15日、8月20日、9月20日分别进行双层遮光纸果袋、报纸处理，以不套袋为对照，结果表明：套袋时间越早褪绿效果越好，果皮光洁度也越好；报纸遮光度不够，果实采收时不能完全褪绿。可溶性固形物、总糖、还原糖含量随着遮光纸袋套袋时间的推迟和不套袋，其含量渐增，以8月20日套双层遮光纸果袋综合效果最好。 相似文献
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为增加桂葡柚1号果实的商品性，对桂葡柚1号进行了套袋试验，结果表明，套袋能明显提升果实色泽，其中双层外红内黑和双层外黄内黑纸袋套袋果实色泽饱和度高，转色均匀，效果好；套双层外红内黑纸袋果实可溶性固形物、总糖、维生素C下降较小，可滴定酸下降较大，固酸比高于对照，风味较好，且果皮增厚不明显，但硬度显著增加，有利于贮藏运输，最适宜桂葡柚1号生产；不同年份不同气候，由于套袋内果实小环境和外面大环境差异大小不同，对果实品质的影响程度不同。 相似文献
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据《中国南方果树》2021年第6期《套袋对“桂葡柚1号”果实色泽和品质的影响》(作者刘福平等)报道,为增加“桂葡柚1号”果实的商品性,在广西玉林和南宁“桂葡柚1号”生产基地选用不同纸袋(白色单层纸袋、外黄内黑单层纸袋、外黄内黑双层纸袋、外红内黑双层纸袋)进行了套袋试验。 相似文献
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在果实发育期进行套袋，果实果面光洁，能有效降低农药残留， 提高果实优级率，是柚子生产的一个重要的栽培措施。研究不同套袋类型对‘黄金蜜柚’果实外观和品质的影响，结果表明，黄色单层纸袋和外黄内黑双层纸袋透气性好，操作方便，套袋果实果面光洁美观，着色均匀，裂瓣率和木质化率较低，糖酸含量适中，风味、品质较好，综合效益佳，值得推广应用。 相似文献
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为筛选甜柿适宜的纸袋，选择了6种果袋，研究了不同纸袋对甜柿“甘秋”果实品质的影响。‘甘秋’甜柿果实于花后60日进行套袋，9月10日去袋，9月25日果实成熟时统一采摘。研究结果表明：台果品牌的白色单层纸袋处理的果实锈斑指数为0.06,单果重为181g,达到显著差异水平。昌果品牌外黄内白双层纸袋处理果实的锈斑指数为0.19，单果重为175.5g。其亮度和b值分别为62、60.4，达到显著差异水平。台果品牌黄色单层纸袋处理的果实糖度为15%，亮度为60.6，均显著高于对照。昌果的外黄内红纸袋与源丰的外黄内黑纸袋处理的果实硬度都是22kg/cm2，亮度分别为67.7、68.8，b值分别为68.4、68.6，达到显著差异水平。源丰白色单层纸袋处理提高了单果重，降低了果实硬度。综合考虑各项指标得出，白色复合纸最适合提高“甘秋”果实表面光洁度，同时也能提高果实部分内在品质。 相似文献
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据《果树学报》2012年第2期《甜柿套袋微域生境与果实着色效应研究》（作者郭创业等）报道,以4种不同材质果袋进行套袋微域生境及果实着色试验。结果表明,双层内红袋处理昼夜温差较大,9月18—21日和10月上旬晴天条件下,分别比对照高5.8℃和4．8℃;薄膜袋和双层纸袋保湿性较好,在晴热干燥、空气湿度过低时,可减轻相对湿度胁迫;双层纸袋遮光严重, 相似文献
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本研究以三种常用果袋对‘黄花’梨果实进行套袋处理，检测不同时期果皮色素含量、色差及果形指标，综合利用徒手切片和显微镜观测分析不同处理后果点大小、密度及其形态变化特点。结果表明，三种套袋处理后果皮叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均显著低于对照，亮度和饱和度均有不同程度增加。相关性分析显示果实成熟期间果皮色差a*值与叶绿素a、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均呈显著负相关，且与叶绿素b含量呈极显著负相关；L*值与叶绿素a、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量呈极显著负相关。此外，套袋对果形无显著影响，但是对果点形态影响较明显，果点首先从其外缘进行环状破裂，果实发育后期果点呈中心至外缘的辐射状破裂。其中外黄内黑双层果袋处理使果点破碎程度最高，果面光滑均一，对改善‘黄花’梨果实的外观品质效果最佳。 相似文献
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对嫁接在酸柚上的金桔蜜柚进行不同套袋处理，分析其果实品质指标（单果重、果实横径、纵径、果形指数、果皮厚度、Vc、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、全糖、固酸比）及果皮转色情况的变化；探究不同套袋处理对金桔蜜柚果实品质及果皮转色的影响，为筛选金桔蜜柚合适的套袋及时间提供理论依据。结果表明：套袋处理会对金桔蜜柚品质及果皮转色产生一定的影响，且不同纸袋类型影响不同；在保证果实商品率，即果实外观的前提下，从金桔蜜柚果实生理品质及转色情况角度出发，金桔蜜柚适宜选用外棕色内黑双层柚果专用纸袋。 相似文献
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以红富士苹果为试材，研究了不同颜色果袋对苹果果实着色的影响，比较了不同颜色果袋套袋处理后果皮着色、叶绿素、花青苷含量以及果实品质的差异。结果表明，不同颜色果袋套袋处理利于果皮着色，红色和黑色袋α*较大，果皮颜色鲜红，白袋、黄袋与对照果实外观无明显差异，红袋处理果实的着色最好，白袋、黄袋、绿袋与对照果实差异不明显，黑色果袋叶绿素含量最低。果实成熟时果皮中花青苷含量与纸袋颜色密切相关，红色果袋花青苷含量较高为0.176△A/g FW，蓝袋次之，黑色果袋花青苷含量较低为0.102△A/g FW。不同颜色果袋套袋成熟时果实的可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量差异很小。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献