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选取5种动物为试验对象,生理年龄均在1/2性成熟期,每种动物4头,猪(长白,70 d)、羊(小尾寒羊,60 d)、狗(比格犬,80 d)、兔(日本大耳白,75 d)和鸡(爱拔益加,75 d)。采用体内原位结扎灌注肠段的方法研究不同浓度大豆凝集素(SBA)在不同种属动物小肠中的残留、结合和内吞特点。动物禁食24 h后,注入麻醉剂,剪去腹部体毛,打开腹腔,结扎空肠前段,(各种动物以空肠前段1/3处相对位置开始结扎)。用30 m L(39±1)℃的生理盐水冲洗隔离的肠段,以冲洗肠段内残余的食糜,分别结扎4段5 cm长的肠段,用注射器分别输入含不同浓度SB(A 0、0.5、1.0 m g/m L和3.0 m g/m L)的Krebs液。灌注时间8 h。试验结束后,采用间接抑制ELISA方法检测3个指标:灌注液中SBA的残留率,肠黏膜表面SBA的结合率,进入小肠壁的SBA的内吞率。结果表明:大豆凝集素在动物小肠中的结合特点存在种属差异;比较而言,SBA在猪和狗小肠中的内吞率和结合率高于羊,兔和鸡的内吞率也较大,且SBA的不同浓度对其在小肠壁上的内吞也有较大影响,低浓度时SBA的结合率和内吞率较大。 相似文献
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大豆凝集素与肉鸡小肠黏膜细胞结合规律的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
该试验以75日龄爱拔益加肉鸡为试验对象,饲喂含有20%生大豆日粮。试验期后,取十二指肠、空肠前段、空肠中段、空肠后段、回肠制作石蜡切片,采用免疫组织化学SP法染色,利用图像分析仪分析大豆凝集素与肠上皮细胞结合情况。结果表明,在鸡的不同肠段,大豆凝集素与十二指肠和空肠前段结合的平均光密度值显著高于空肠中、空肠后和回肠（P＆lt;0.05）;在相同肠段不同部位的细胞,肠绒毛的平均光密度值最高,且与隐窝和肠壁的差异显著（P＆lt;0.05）。这表明了肉鸡的不同肠段上皮细胞糖基化模式具有差异性。 相似文献
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大豆凝集素在鸡肠道内残留规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将生大豆粉碎,过40目筛,硫酸铵粗提后经N-乙酰基-D-半乳糖胺-epoxy-sepharose6B亲和层析体系纯化出大豆凝集素,以其为抗原免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,并建立大豆凝集素间接竞争抑制ELISA定量检测方法,其检测下限低于10ng/mL。以含质量分数为20%的生大豆和1%Cr2O3(外源指示剂)的日粮饲喂鸡(75日龄)2周,检测其十二指肠、空肠前、空肠中、空肠后、回肠、盲肠、结直肠内食糜中大豆凝集素的活性残留率。结果表明:大豆凝集素在鸡肠道内活性残留由十二指肠到结直肠总地呈下降趋势,其中由十二指肠到空肠前的残留率变化达到了显著水平(P<0.05),说明大豆凝集素在鸡肠道内吸收和吸附主要发生在十二指肠至空肠前段。 相似文献
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旨在探讨猪肠道钠氢交换载体（NHE3）mRNA表达的肠段特异性和发育模式,为NHE在养猪生产中的应用提供理论依据。选取遗传背景相同的1、7、26、30、60、90和150 d蓝塘和长白公猪各5头,测体质量后屠宰,取十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠组织样品;以18S rRNA为内标基因,用实时荧光定量PCR法检测NHE3 mRNA在60 d长白猪表达的肠段特异性及其在蓝塘和长白猪肠道表达的发育模式。结果显示：长白猪肠道NHE3 mRNA的表达丰度为结肠、十二指肠、空肠和回肠依次降低,且结肠显著高于空肠和回肠（P〈0.05）。不同猪种NHE3mRNA在十二指肠和空肠的表达模式相似;蓝塘和长白猪NHE3 mRNA的表达丰度分别在7和30 d（十二指肠）、7和26 d（空肠）达最高水平（P〈0.05）。不同猪种结肠NHE3 mRNA的表达模式不同,分别与其在十二指肠和空肠的发育呈现不同的模式;蓝塘猪结肠NHE3 mRNA的表达丰度在26、90和150 d时显著低于长白猪（P〈0.05）。以上结果说明,猪肠道NHE3 mRNA的表达受到发育阶段、品种和肠段的调控,且在十二指肠和空肠间具有品种稳定性。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究大豆凝集素(SBA)与猪小肠不同部位黏膜特异性结合的程度。21日龄断奶仔猪日粮中添加纯化的SBA,饲喂1周后,无痛屠宰,立即取十二指肠、空肠前部、空肠中部、空肠后部和回肠组织,用10%的甲醛固定,制作常规石蜡切片,SP免疫组织化学染色,图像分析系统定量检测小肠组织中的棕色阳性产物的光密度值。结果表明:整个小肠黏膜与SBA都有特异性结合,光密度值由十二指肠到空肠中部呈下降趋势(P<0.05),但从空肠后部到回肠又出现上升趋势(P<0.05)。SBA在小肠前部(十二指肠和空肠前部)主要与绒毛的上半部分结合(P<0.05),且集中于上皮细胞表面;而在小肠后部(空场后部和回肠)较均匀地分布于黏膜上皮、固有层和中央乳糜管中。研究表明,猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞膜糖基化过程中含有N-乙酰基D-半乳糖胺或D-半乳糖,猪小肠后部对SBA的内吞作用较强。 相似文献
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为研制安全、高效环保型保育猪中药添加剂,将72头体重相近的28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮、基础饲粮＋抗生素、基础饲粮＋1%中草药组方Ⅰ、基础饲粮＋1%中草药组方Ⅱ,进行为期28 d的饲养试验,统计腹泻频率及腹泻指数、测定肠黏膜免疫细胞。结果显示,中药Ⅱ组效果优于中药Ⅰ组和抗生素组。中药Ⅱ组腹泻持续时间最短、腹泻频率及腹泻指数最低;与对照组相比,对回肠段杯状细胞数量影响最大的是抗生素组,提高14.29%（P〉0.05）。对其它肠黏膜免疫细胞数量影响最大的是中药Ⅱ组,提高十二指肠、空肠及回肠段上皮内淋巴细胞数量分别达23.37%（P〈0.01）、16.33%（P〈0.01）、14.52%（P〈0.01）;提高十二指肠及空肠段杯状细胞数量分别达31.82%（P〈0.01）、26.92%（P〈0.01）;提高十二指肠、空肠及回肠段肥大细胞数量分别达17.99%（P〈0.01）、23.87%（P〈0.01）、18.71%（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
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为了防控重大动物疫病传播,确实掌握猪、牛羊口蹄疫和高致病性禽流感疫苗免疫效果,为重大动物疫病综合防控和制定合理免疫程序提供科学依据,本试验选择不同养殖场（户）的猪、牛、羊和鸡,分别应用口蹄疫液相阻断ELISA试验和血凝抑制试验开展了猪、牛、羊口蹄疫灭活疫苗和高致病性禽流感H5N1亚型灭活疫苗免疫抗体检测试验。现将试验结果报告如下：1试验材料1.1试验动物猪96头,其中徂徕镇某养猪户38头, 相似文献
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本文旨在测定纯化的大豆凝集素对兔和鸡小肠上皮细胞和红细胞的凝集活性。测定大豆凝集素对红细胞的凝集能力时,采用2%兔红细胞悬液,测定了使兔红细胞50%凝集的蛋白质浓度。测定对兔小肠上皮细胞的凝集能力时,采用荧光标记SBA与新鲜小肠上皮细胞结合后,观察荧光显微镜下荧光结合细胞比例的方法定量。经血凝试验结果表明,使兔红细胞50%凝集的SBA蛋白质浓度为2.50~3.69μg/mL,而SBA对鸡的红细胞没有凝集作用。SBA对兔小肠上皮细胞有结合能力,结合率为30%左右。试验结果说明大豆凝集素的血凝活性具种属特异性,用SBA与小肠上皮细胞的结合率作为评价其抗营养活性的指标具一定可行性。 相似文献
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选取军牧一号29日龄（7.06±0.18）kg、99日龄（44.54±9.0 4）kg和169日龄（78.93±7.37）kg去势公猪各5头,分别进行仔猪、生长猪和肥育猪3个生理阶段的动物试验。仔猪于28日龄断奶,每一阶段试验期为7d。试验期结束后屠宰,迅速采集十二指肠、空肠中段和回肠组织样品。采用Ki-67抗体或TUNEL免疫组织化学染色方法分别检测小肠上皮细胞增生或凋亡情况,同时测定小肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度。结果表明,随着猪日龄的增长,小肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度增大（P〈0.01）;肠上皮细胞凋亡和增生指数逐渐降低（P〈0.001）。无论哪一生长阶段的猪,不同肠段上皮细胞凋亡和增生指数有着相同的变化规律,空肠中段最高,回肠最低（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献