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为了探究灭活沙门氏菌对蝇蛆抗菌肽的诱导效果,试验用灭活沙门氏菌和沙门氏菌培养蝇蛆,粗提蝇蛆抗菌肽,分时间点测定其浓度及抗菌性能,同时对蝇蛆体内细菌含量进行计数。结果显示,诱导组抗菌肽浓度均高于未诱导组(P<0.05),且在24 h时浓度最高;诱导组对沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径显著大于未诱导组(P<0.05),显著小于抗生素组(P<0.05),最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值为0.5 mg/mL;蝇蛆体内细菌含量为1.6×105 CFU/g,低于国家规定标准饲料中细菌总数最低值2×106 CFU/g。提示,用灭活沙门氏菌诱导蝇蛆能提高抗菌肽的表达量,且具有较强的抗菌性能及安全性。 相似文献
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为评估肉鸡日粮中添加抗菌肽替代抗生素的饲用效果,本试验先对1种天蚕素抗菌肽进行了体外抑菌试验,然后进行了肉鸡饲喂试验。用微量稀释法测定了天蚕素抗菌肽对大肠杆菌、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)。结果表明,天蚕素抗菌肽对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别是20μg/mL、20μg/mL和40μg/mL。在肉鸡饲喂试验中,饲料中添加150mg/kg的天蚕素抗菌肽可以促进肉鸡生长,降低发病率。 相似文献
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为了研究中草药对3种不同血清型禽源沙门菌的体外抑菌效果,采用水煎法制备黄连、黄柏、白头翁、金银花、女贞子、乌梅6种单味中草药水提液,然后进行药物敏感性试验,并进一步测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示,鼠伤寒沙门菌LLCL-8株对黄连、金银花和白头翁较为敏感,MIC分别为(62.50±0) mg/mL、(83.33±29.46) mg/mL、(125.00±0) mg/mL,MBC分别为250.00 mg/mL、250.00 mg/mL、大于500.00 mg/mL;鸡白痢沙门菌LLC-51株对黄连敏感,MIC为(31.25±0) mg/mL,MBC为125.00 mg/mL;肠炎沙门菌S株对黄连、白头翁敏感,MIC分别为(62.50±0) mg/mL、(104.16±29.46) mg/mL,MBC均为250.00 mg/mL。说明黄连对3种血清型禽源沙门菌具有广谱抑菌作用,且抑菌效果相对明显;白头翁、金银花对某些血清型菌株具有较好的抑菌效果。 相似文献
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为了观察草药白接骨不同提取方法对其抑菌活性的影响,试验对白接骨分别进行水提和醇提,联用管碟法、微量稀释法和琼脂平板计数法,通过测量抑菌圈直径、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),观察了水提液和醇提液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌的体外抑菌效果。结果显示,白接骨醇提液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌的抑菌圈直径分别为22.92±0.74、35.10±1.27、42.93±0.81和31.95±0.49 mm;MIC分别为3.12、1.56、0.78和1.56 mg/mL;MBC分别为6.25、3.12、1.56和1.56 mg/mL。但水提液对这4种细菌的平均抑菌圈直径均小于6 mm,MIC和MBC均大于200 mg/L。由此可见,草药白接骨醇提液的体外抑菌效果明显优于水提液,推测其主要抑菌成分可能是醇溶性的。 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2020,(1)
考察12种中药对沙门菌的体外抑菌作用。采用水煎法制备中草药水提液,分别通过平板打孔法、二倍稀释法和平板接种法对沙门菌进行体外抑菌试验,测定中药的敏感性及最小抑菌浓度。结果表明,在12种中药中,沙门菌对乌梅、黄连、女贞子、丁香呈高度敏感,对栀子、木香、金樱子、龙胆草呈中度敏感,对贯众、薏苡仁、鹿衔草、知母不敏感。乌梅、黄连、女贞子对沙门菌抑制作用较好,最小抑菌浓度分别为15.6 mg/mL、31.25 mg/mL、62.50 mg/mL;栀子、丁香和金樱子抑菌效果次之,最小抑菌浓度为250 mg/mL;木香、知母和龙胆草抑菌效果较弱,最小抑菌浓度均为500 mg/mL。从12种中药对沙门菌的体外抑菌效果来看,在临床上可用乌梅、黄连、女贞子治疗猪源沙门菌感染。 相似文献
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为筛选能够有防治家禽腹泻的复方中药,选择对大肠杆菌有抑菌效果的单味中药,配置14种复方,结合对金黄色葡萄球菌、致病性沙门菌的抑菌能力,筛选出一个复方中药,通过正交试验确定该复方中药最佳提取工艺。结果显示:筛选的复方中药乙醇提取物(1 g/mL,200μL)对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸡大肠杆菌、鸭大肠杆菌、鸡致病性沙门菌、鸭致病性沙门菌(指示菌浓度1×10^8cfu/mL)的抑菌圈直径分别为24.21mm、31.36mm、25.19mm、24.12mm、25.00 mm、25.49 mm;硫酸新霉素对上述致病菌的抑菌圈直径分别为23.61 mm、26.52 mm、14.69 mm、16.00 mm、24.11 mm、25.49 mm。经正交试验优化的最佳提取工艺为:15倍溶剂、提取时间60 mim、乙醇浓度90%、提取2次。优化后提取物体外抑菌试验(O78)的抑菌圈均值为26.65 mm。研究表明:筛选的复方中药对引起家禽腹泻的主要致病菌具有良好抑菌、杀菌作用,正交试验确定的提取工艺稳定可行。 相似文献
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为探讨亚硒酸钠对黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）活性的影响,将黄粉虫的中龄幼虫随机分成6组,饲喂含不同浓度的亚硒酸钠饲料。采用DTNB比色法测定GSH—PX活性。结果显示,饲喂含亚硒酸钠的饲料后黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴GSH—PX活力都明显上升：饲喂同一浓度的亚硒酸钠,幼虫血淋巴GSH—PX活力均比对照组高,只有加硒浓度为20mg／kg．80mg／kg在第16d时,黄粉虫血淋巴GSH—PX活力随着饲喂时间的延长而显著上升;饲喂不同浓度的亚硒酸钠,在硒浓度为5mg／kg、10mg／kg时,黄粉虫血淋巴GSH-PX活力随亚硒酸钠浓度的增加显著上升,在硒浓度为20mg／kg时开始下降。 相似文献
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为了寻找更为安全高效的动物替抗药物，本试验以3种中药复方和7种中药废弃物为材料，采用K-B纸片法检测抑菌圈直径、二倍稀释法检测最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、平板涂布法检测最低杀菌浓度(MBC),综合评价所选药物对大肠埃希菌、肠炎沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。试验结果显示：9种药物(除清开灵药渣外)都对金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抑菌和杀菌作用，其MIC和MBC值在3.91～125 mg/mL范围内，为金黄色葡萄球菌中度到高度敏感药物；中药复方1和中药复方3对大肠埃希菌的MIC值分别为125 mg/mL和62.5 mg/mL,表现为中度抑大肠埃希菌；忍冬藤和中药复方1对肠炎沙门菌的MIC值都是125 mg/mL,为肠炎沙门菌中度敏感药物。试验结果表明，3种中药复方和6种中药废弃物(除清开灵药渣外)可开发成防治金黄色葡萄球菌感染性疾病的药物，中药复方1和中药复方3可预防和治疗禽畜大肠埃希菌感染，而中药复方1和忍冬藤可防治畜禽因感染肠炎沙门菌引起的病症。 相似文献
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笔者利用超微粉碎的中药制剂大百芩散和石苦秦散,开展对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、支原体、巴氏杆菌的体外抑菌试验,及犊牛、羔羊添加饲喂试验。石苦秦散超微粉对大肠杆菌、沙门菌的最低抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)值为15.6 mg/mL,大百芩散超微粉对支原体、巴氏杆菌的MIC值为31.2 mg/mL;犊牛、羔羊添加饲喂试验中,添加石苦秦散和大百芩散的实验组平均日增重高,且无流涕、咳嗽或腹泻发生。结果表明,2种中药制剂对4种供试病原菌有很好的抑制作用,可作为犊牛、羔羊生长期的养殖保健药物应用于生产。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献