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以白鱼粉、豆粕为蛋白源,以蛋白质(45%、40%、35%)、可消化能(14、13、12MJ/kg)和预混料为试验因素,按照L9(34)正交表,对9000尾平均初重为0.40g的黄颡鱼鱼苗进行30d的饲养试验。试验结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平对黄颡鱼鱼苗的增重率和饲料转化率均有显著影响(P<0.05)。本试验条件下,黄颡鱼鱼苗的最适蛋白质水平为45%,最适能量水平为14MJ/kg。 相似文献
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试验以三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为外源指示剂,采用"70%基础饲料+30%试验原料"的方法配制试验饲料,测定了初始体质量约为3.15 g的黄颡鱼(Peltobagrus fulvidraco)对蝇蛆粉的表观消化率。试验鱼养殖于室内循环水系统中,投喂试验饲料2周后,采用滤网捞取法收集粪便。结果显示,黄颡鱼对蝇蛆粉干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、能量和总磷的表观消化率分别为80.35%、91.08%、71.59%、78.19%和67.12%。黄颡鱼对总氨基酸的表观消化率为95.53%,其中对丝氨酸的消化率最低,为82.58%,其他氨基酸的消化率均高于90%。结果表明,黄颡鱼幼鱼对蝇蛆粉干物质、蛋白质和氨基酸具有较高的消化吸收能力,这为评价蝇蛆粉的营养价值及其作为蛋白源在黄颡鱼饲料中的应用提供了相应的依据和参考。 相似文献
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以黄颡鱼为养殖对象,以小球藻为添加剂,配制不同水平小球藻的饲料,小球藻添加水平分别为0.00%、0.20%、0.40%、0.60%、0.80%、1.60%、3.20%,试验周期为8周,每4周取1次样,分别测定黄颡鱼生长及免疫的相关指标,旨在探讨饲料中小球藻水平的变化对黄颡鱼生长及免疫力的影响。试验结果表明,在饲料中添加小球藻粉不仅可显著提高黄颡鱼的生长性能,同时对黄颡鱼的免疫力还有促进作用。在黄颡鱼生长性能方面,小球藻添加水平为3.20%时,黄颡鱼增重率、特定生长率及蛋白质效率最高,且饵料系数最低;在免疫力方面,饲料中添加适量小球藻可有效提高机体组织补体C3、C4、NO含量及NOS活性;小球藻添加量低于1.60%时,对黄颡鱼肝脏的影响较小。综合黄颡鱼各项测定指标,在本试验条件下,饲料中小球藻粉的最适添加水平为1.60%,在该添加水平下,黄颡鱼生长性能得到提升并且免疫力得到提高。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲料组胺水平对黄颡鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和胃肠道黏膜结构的影响。以初均重为(30.08±0.35)g的黄颡鱼为试验对象,分别投喂金枪鱼鱼粉饲料(TFM组)、白鱼粉饲料(H0组,作为对照组)以及白鱼粉饲料中分别添加5个水平组胺的试验饲料(H1、H2、H3、H4和H5组),各组饲料组胺水平分别为53.20、4.30、18.00、56.20、84.60、103.50、158.90 mg/kg。试验期60 d。结果显示:1)H1组黄颡鱼的末均重、特定生长率显著高于H0、H2、H3和H4组(P<0.05)。黄颡鱼生长速度与饲料组胺水平显示出二次函数关系的变化趋势。TFM、H3、H4和H5组黄颡鱼的存活率显著低于H0、H1和H2组(P<0.05)。2)H0组黄颡鱼的总胆汁酸含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。各组黄颡鱼体侧皮肤类胡萝卜素和叶黄素含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。3)通过对黄颡鱼胃黏膜的扫描电镜观察以及肠道黏膜细胞间连接结构的透射电镜观察发现,饲料低水平组胺对黄颡鱼的胃黏膜、肠道紧密连接未造成显著损伤,饲料组胺水平达103.50 mg/kg及以上对黄颡鱼的胃黏膜、肠道黏膜细胞之间的紧密连接结构造成了严重的损伤。由此可见,饲料组胺水平为18.0 mg/kg时对黄颡鱼生长和鱼体健康是有利的,而饲料组胺水平大于103.50 mg/kg时对黄颡鱼的生理健康、胃黏膜细胞表面结构和肠道黏膜细胞之间的紧密连接结构有较为明显的损伤作用。 相似文献
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以平均初始体重(31.84±0.05)g的黄颡鱼为试验对象,在室内循环水箱内做为期56 d的摄食生长试验,探讨饲料中不同叶酸、VB_(12)水平及其交互作用对黄颡鱼生长性能、肉质及抗氧化能力的影响。试验采用3×3因子设计,制作9种叶酸和VB_(12)不同配比的饲料,其中叶酸水平为0.15%、0.30%、0.45%,VB_(12)水平为0.05%、0.10%、0.15%,以不添加叶酸和VB_(12)的饲料作为对照组,每组三个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,饲料中叶酸、VB_(12)水平对黄颡鱼生长性能有显著影响(P0.05);当叶酸/VB_(12)水平为为0.45%/0.15%时,黄颡鱼生长性能最佳,增重率、特定生长率最高,且饵料系数显著降低(P0.05);各试验组黄颡鱼肌肉滴水损失率和蒸煮损失率均显著低于对照组(P0.05),但试验组间差异不显著(P0.05),在叶酸、VB_(12)水平分别为0.45%、0.15%时,黄颡鱼肌肉滴水损失率和蒸煮损失率最低;当叶酸/VB_(12)水平为0.45%/0.15%时,黄颡鱼组织及血清中T-SOD、CAT活性显著提高,MDA含量显著降低(P0.05)。因此,在本试验条件下,在饲料中添加叶酸和VB_(12)不仅对黄颡鱼的生长有明显的促进作用,还对各组织和血清中T-SOD和CAT的生成和活性有较强的诱导能力,降低MDA含量,提高机体的抗氧化能力。黄颡鱼饲料最适叶酸/VB_(12)水平为0.45%/0.15%。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲料组胺水平对黄颡鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和胃肠道黏膜结构的影响。以初均重为(30.08±0.35)g的黄颡鱼为试验对象,分别投喂金枪鱼鱼粉饲料(TFM组)、白鱼粉饲料(H0组,作为对照组)以及白鱼粉饲料中分别添加5个水平组胺的试验饲料(H1、H2、H3、H4和H5组),各组饲料组胺水平分别为53.20、4.30、18.00、56.20、84.60、103.50、158.90 mg/kg。试验期60 d。结果显示:1)H1组黄颡鱼的末均重、特定生长率显著高于H0、H2、H3和H4组(P0.05)。黄颡鱼生长速度与饲料组胺水平显示出二次函数关系的变化趋势。TFM、H3、H4和H5组黄颡鱼的存活率显著低于H0、H1和H2组(P0.05)。2)H0组黄颡鱼的总胆汁酸含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。各组黄颡鱼体侧皮肤类胡萝卜素和叶黄素含量没有显著差异(P0.05)。3)通过对黄颡鱼胃黏膜的扫描电镜观察以及肠道黏膜细胞间连接结构的透射电镜观察发现,饲料低水平组胺对黄颡鱼的胃黏膜、肠道紧密连接未造成显著损伤,饲料组胺水平达103.50 mg/kg及以上对黄颡鱼的胃黏膜、肠道黏膜细胞之间的紧密连接结构造成了严重的损伤。由此可见,饲料组胺水平为18.0 mg/kg时对黄颡鱼生长和鱼体健康是有利的,而饲料组胺水平大于103.50 mg/kg时对黄颡鱼的生理健康、胃黏膜细胞表面结构和肠道黏膜细胞之间的紧密连接结构有较为明显的损伤作用。 相似文献
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饲料能量和蛋白水平对乌鳢生长、饲料利用和体组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择健康的体质量为(10.92±0.42)g的乌鳢为试验鱼,采用3×3双因子试验,设计了3种不同蛋白质水平[含34.7%、38.3%和41.8%可消化蛋白(DP)]和三个能量水平(14.5、16.0和17.5 MJ/kg)的可消化能(DE)的9种试验饲料,探讨饲料能量和蛋白水平对乌鳢生长、饲料利用和体组成的影响。结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平极显著地影响乌鳢的平均增重率、蛋白质效率和饲料系数(P<0.01),随着蛋白质水平的增加,乌鳢的特定生长率呈先升高后稳定的趋势。饲料蛋白水平显著影响乌鳢白肌蛋白质与脂肪含量(P<0.05),饲料能量水平极显著影响脂肪含量(P<0.01)。在本试验条件下,乌鳢人工饲料促进生长和饲料利用的最适蛋能比为23.3 g/MJ,可提高乌鳢对饲料的利用率,从而促进生长。 相似文献
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选择450尾瓦氏黄额鱼随机分成5组,每组3个重复,以鱼粉为主要蛋白质源,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为31.1%、35.5%、40.9%、46.5%、50_3%的5个试验日粮,研究不同日粮蛋白质水平对瓦氏黄额鱼生长性能的影响.试验期为35 d.结果表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼饲料中蛋白质含量为42.9%～43.5%时,瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能和饲料利用率较好. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献