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研究旨在比较川牛膝及其常见伪品的多糖含量、组分和对猪小肠上皮细胞活性的差异。用乙醇除杂,水加热回流法得粗多糖;用阴离子交换层析法和凝胶柱层析法分离、纯化多糖,并测定多糖的相对分子量;用CCK-8试剂盒系统测定多糖对猪小肠上皮细胞活性的影响;用荧光定量PCR检测多糖作用后炎症细胞因子IL-6表达情况。试验结果:①川牛膝粗多糖得率为7.40%;麻牛膝粗多糖得率为1.67%;杂交牛膝粗多糖得率为0.38%;②川牛膝酸性多糖得率为94.40%,中性多糖得率为1.10%;麻牛膝酸性多糖得率为30.74%,中性多糖得率为23.00%;杂交牛膝酸性多糖得率为11.20%,中性多糖得率为10.00%;③川牛膝多糖相对分子量主要分布在7 500 Da左右、200 000～400 000 Da和1 200 000～1 700 000 Da;麻牛膝多糖的相对分子量主要集中在7 500 Da左右;杂交牛膝多糖相对分子量主要集中在6 000 Da左右;④川牛膝多糖和麻牛膝多糖的低剂量和高剂量组对猪小肠上皮细胞活性均无明显影响;川牛膝多糖和麻牛膝多糖均能显著抑制炎症细胞因子IL-6的表达。川牛膝多糖含量显著高于麻牛膝和杂交牛膝多糖,川牛膝和麻牛膝多糖对猪小肠上皮细胞活性无明显影响,但均能降低炎症细胞因子IL-6的表达量。 相似文献
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酵母多糖对驻新城疫HI抗体水平的T细胞增殖的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为提高防疫效果,减少疫病造成的损失,近年来,免疫增强剂的研究与应用,受到人们普遍关注.生物活性多糖是一种广谱免疫增强剂,具有抗感染、抗衰老及抗肿瘤等作用.目前,国内已用于保健和临床的活性多糖有香菇多糖、猪苓多糖及云芝多糖等.但因资源短缺、价格昂贵,难以应用于畜牧业生产.酵母多糖(Yeast polysaccharide YPS)是啤酒酵母菌(Saccharomyes cere-visiae)的细胞成分,它无毒、无诱变性并具有广泛生物学活性[1].为探讨YPS在肉鸡生产中应用的前景,我们进行了系列研究,现将YPS对鸡免疫功能影响的试验结果报告如下. 相似文献
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青刺果黄酮对鸡红细胞免疫及外周血淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄酮类化合物是指具有色酮环与苯环为基本结构的一类化合物的总称[1].自然界中许多植物的叶、皮、根和果实中都含有一定量的黄酮类化合物,目前已知的黄酮类化合物已有2 000多种.它们具有多种多样的生理活性,如能治疗心血管疾病、抗衰老、抗癌、抗突变、杀菌消炎等.其中黄酮类化合物在促进动物免疫机能方面的作用,已引起国内外医学、营养、保健界的广泛关注[2-3]. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献