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为了给早熟高产小麦新品种的选育及K35优良种质的利用提供理论依据,以中熟品种鲁麦14和济麦21、晚熟品种鲁源301和潍麦8号为对照,对小麦早熟品种K35阶段发育和籽粒灌浆特性进行了研究.结果表明,早熟品种K35成熟期比其它品种提前3～7 d,主要体现在二棱初期至二棱中期、挑旗期至抽穗期和灌浆期持续时间较短;二棱中期至雌雄蕊分化期持续时间与其他品种基本一致.与高千粒重品种潍麦8号、鲁原301相比,K35平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率较低,千粒重也偏低.开花后快增期灌浆速率与小麦千粒重之间存在显著正相关,渐增期灌浆速率与缓增期持续时间呈显著负相关.因而认为,K35幼穗分化期较短,而穗粒数较多,灌浆速率较低,而产量水平较高,并且落黄好,特点突出,作为早熟亲本应用时,应注意选择灌浆速率和千粒重较高的品种与其进行杂交. 相似文献
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从育种实践中观察到中熟的主要遗传特性及其产量构成因素与迟熟早稻相比无显著的差异，近年育成的不少中熟早稻的产量已经达到或超过了迟熟的品种的产量水平，而且中熟品种比早熟和迟熟品种的产量年度稳定性好，通过选育中熟早稻品种就可因孕穗期长，穗子延长，穗粒数增多而增加产量，并指出要实现早稻赶超晚稻必须合理品种布局，增加中熟品种的比例。 相似文献
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一种水稻营养生长期快速出叶基因型的发现及初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对14个水稻品种分期播种试验,发现在籼稻品种盐恢559中存在一种营养生长期快速出叶基因型。将盐恢559与出叶速率最慢的Lemont进行比较,两者在各播期的播始历期均相近的情况下,前者的主茎叶片数始终比后者多4～5张,出叶速率极显著快于后者,且出叶速率差异主要表现在秧田期和大田营养生长期,幼穗分化期两品种的出叶速率差异不显著。分析盐恢559、Lemont及其配制的2个回交群体及F2群体的单株出叶速率,推测盐恢559的快速出叶性状为多基因控制的数量性状,其中可能存在效应较大的数量基因。通过对双亲及回交后代群体中部分类型亚群体性状调查发现,这种基因型出叶速率快,单株茎蘖数、茎蘖增加速度以及高峰苗均相对较高,单株有效穗数、每穗粒数明显高于出叶速率慢的类型。讨论了对这种快速出叶基因型进行深入研究的必要性及育种应用的可能性。 相似文献
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分析结果表明：西农１３７６小麦具有与早熟高产相关的一系列生物学特性，表现在：（１）单位面积有较多的粒数，千粒重较大，亩穗数与穗粒数互补性强；（２）穗分化快，二棱期持续时间长，抽穗早；（３）植株有较好的受光势，叶片长度适中，功能期长。叶片光合强度及单叶净光合量在灌浆初期显著大于高产品种陕２２９；；（４）穗分化期对日照敏感度低；（５）茎秆坚实，抗倒状，抗逆性强。 相似文献
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采用裂区试验,以品种生态类型为主区,品种为副区,选择中熟中粳(连粳7号、宁粳4号、武运粳27号)、迟熟中粳(武运粳24号、南粳9108、镇稻14)、早熟晚粳(武运粳23号、宁粳3号、镇稻11)共计9个粳稻品种为材料,以杂交籼稻(丰两优4号、徽两优6号、Y两优2号)为对照,研究不同粳稻生态类型在安徽沿江稻区的种植表现。结果表明,粳稻无论在营养生长期的苗高上,还是在最终株高上都显著低于杂交籼稻;粳稻叶片短而挺,稻穗直立且着粒密,表现较强的抗倒能力;在粳稻生长特性中,粳稻大田期的出叶速度明显快于杂交籼稻,同期抽穗的粳稻主茎叶片数多于杂交籼稻;粳稻的分蘖力明显弱于杂交籼稻,但成穗率显著高于杂交籼稻。在产量构成性状上,粳稻大部分是中穗型品种,有效穗数明显多于杂交籼稻,千粒重与杂交籼稻相当,正常情况下结实率高于杂交籼稻,属穗粒兼顾型品种,在精确定量栽培下容易取得高产。在产量表现上,迟熟中粳、中熟中粳与杂交籼稻相比具有产量优势,早熟晚粳不具有产量优势。 相似文献
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杂交稻产量与主要经济性状的相关和通径分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对17个优质杂交水稻的主要经济性状与产量进行相关分析和通径分析,结果表明:每穗粒数和千粒重与产量的相关系数均达极显著水平,每穗实粒数对产量直接作用最大,有效穗数通过穗粒数的间接负作用大于直接作用.提出杂交水稻高产应在保证一定穗数的基础上,主攻每穗实粒数,同时兼顾提高千粒重,协调好性状间的关系. 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。 相似文献
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施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献