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1.
雏鸡分组后人工感染果洛地区柔嫩艾美耳球虫分离株2.4×105个/只,分别采用地克珠利、氨丙啉、尼卡巴嗪、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶等5种常用抗球虫药进行治疗观察,以POAA、RLS、ROP、ACI作为评定指标.结果表明,柔嫩艾美耳球虫果洛分离株对氨丙啉、地克珠利高度敏感,对尼卡巴嗪、磺胺氯吡嗪钠均产生不同程度的耐... 相似文献
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目的研究几种药物的联合抗球虫效果及其耐药性。方法将175只14日龄罗曼粉雏公鸡随机分为7组,设5个试验组,按组分别投予磺胺氯吡嗪300 mg/kg 氨吡啉125 mg/kg,磺胺氯吡嗪300 mg/kg 尼卡巴嗪125mg/kg,磺胺氯丙嗪300 mg/kg 左旋咪唑10 mg/kg,地克珠利3 mg/kg,地克珠利2 mg/kg 氨丙啉125 mg/kg,并设立感染不用药和不感染不用药对照组。给药后2 d,除不感染不用药对照组的鸡只外,其余全部试验鸡每只分别接种E.acervulina孢子化卵襄8×104个。以抗球虫指数(ACI)作为判定药物效力的指标;并根据最适抗球虫活性百分率(POAA)病变记分减少率(RLS)、相对卵囊产量(ROP)、三项指标综合判定球虫对上述抗球虫药的耐药性。结果地克珠利与氨丙啉的联合使用,其抗球虫指数达181.25,其余各组药的抗球虫指数均在165~170之间;且该球虫株对磺胺氯吡嗪 尼卡巴嗪、磺胺氯吡嗪 左旋咪唑、地克珠利组药物有轻度耐药性(-- ),对磺胺氯吡嗪 氨丙啉有中度耐药性(- )。结论地克珠利与氨丙啉联合使用对E.acervulina具有高效抗球虫作用。 相似文献
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安徽3株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对5种抗球虫药的耐药性检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医学报》2015,(10):1614-1621
采用鸡体试验法,以抗球虫指数、最适抗球虫活性百分率、病变记分减少率和相对卵囊产量4项指标综合判定,安徽庐江县、青阳县和肥西县3个地区鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫对磺胺氯吡嗪钠、马杜拉霉素、氨丙啉、妥曲珠利、地克珠利的耐药性。结果显示,庐江株对氨丙啉和妥曲珠利敏感,对磺胺氯吡嗪钠和地克珠利完全耐药,对马杜拉霉素中度耐药;青阳株对地克珠利和妥曲珠利敏感,对磺胺氯吡嗪钠和马杜拉霉素完全耐药,对氨丙啉中度耐药;肥西株对磺胺氯吡嗪钠敏感,对妥曲珠利中度耐药,对地克珠利、马杜拉霉素和氨丙啉完全耐药。 相似文献
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试验选取某养鸡场鸡球虫病患病鸡120只,随机分为4组,每组30只,其中1组为阳性对照组(感染不给药组),另外3组分别选用磺胺喹噁啉、地克珠利和癸氧喹酯3种抗球虫药物进行治疗;另选健康鸡30只,作为健康对照组。连续给药5d,在第8天将150只鸡全部扑杀剖检,通过计算抗球虫指数(ACI)来判断药物对球虫病的治疗效果。结果显示,癸氧喹酯的抗球虫指数最高,为高效抗球虫药物;地克珠利居中,为中效抗球虫药物;磺胺喹噁啉抗球虫指数最低,为无效抗球虫药物。 相似文献
6.
用鸡体实验法,以相对卵囊产量(ROP)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、最适抗球虫百分数(POAA)和抗球虫指数(ACI)等4项指标,分析了一株毒害艾美耳球虫对复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠(20％磺胺氯吡嗪钠+4％二甲氧苄啶)、血痢宁(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉)、贝尔球康(又称鸡球虫散,含青蒿、仙鹤草、何首乌、白头翁、肉桂等)、百球清(妥曲珠利)、马杜球败(马度米星铵预混剂)等5种抗球虫药的耐药性.结果显示:该株毒害艾美耳球虫对百球清无耐药性,对复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠和血痢宁有轻度耐药性,对贝尔球康无耐药性或轻度耐药性,对马杜球败有完全耐药性.提示该养殖场应停止使用马杜拉霉素,改用妥曲珠利或贝尔球康,但必须进行轮换用药或联合用药,以延长药物的使用寿命. 相似文献
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通过动物体内试验,比较复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠的不同组方与剂型对鸡球虫病的疗效。第一次试验设磺胺氯吡嗪钠+三甲氧苄啶(TMP)溶液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+二甲氧苄啶(DVD)混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)、药物对照组(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉,0.03%,5 d)、感染不用药组和不感染不用药组。第二次试验设磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组-1(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组-2(0.02%,3 d)、药物对照组(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉,0.03%,3d)、感染不用药组和不感染不用药组。每组30只鸡。以血便记分、存活率、增重及相对增重率、病变记分与病变值、卵囊产量与卵囊值、抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标综合评定抗球虫效果。结果显示:磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)和磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)的抗球虫指数始终大于或接近180,为抗球虫高效水平;磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP溶液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组(0.02%,3 d)的抗球虫指数大于160,为抗球虫中效水平。提示:磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液(0.02%,5 d)和磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液(0.02%,5 d)对鸡球虫有较好的疗效。 相似文献
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<正>常用抗球虫药物主要有莫能菌素、盐霉素钠、拉沙洛西钠、赛杜霉素、海南霉素钠、地克珠利、托曲珠利、二硝基类、尼卡巴嗪、磺胺喹沙啉、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、氨丙啉、氯苯胍、常山酮、 相似文献
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鸡球虫病(Coccidiasis)是严重危害养鸡业发展的主要寄生虫病之一.各年龄的鸡均易发病,其中15～20日龄雏鸡病死率达40%.全球每年造成的经济损失约20亿美元,其中抗球虫药的费用约为3.2亿美元.目前,国内外防治球虫病的药物品种较少,抗球虫新药的研制非常缓慢,但球虫对所有抗球虫药物均易很快产生耐药性.因此,试验对2种常用的磺胺增效剂三甲氧苄胺嘧啶(TMP) 和二甲氧苄胺嘧啶(DVD)与磺胺氯吡嗪钠(Esb3Na)联用时的抗球虫效果进行了比较,为抗球虫"老药"的合理应用提供理论依据. 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
16.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
17.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
18.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
20.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献