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小型猪复合麻醉剂对小型猪血流动力学及血浆中肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨小型猪复合麻醉剂对小型猪血流动力学的影响及其作用机制,选用14头中国实验用小型猪肌肉注射小型猪复合麻醉剂(0.15 mL·kg-1),并在注药前及注射药后5、10、30、45、60、80、100、120 min进行无创血压、心率(HR)的监测;并同步采取前腔静脉血样,采用放免法检测肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素(AⅡ)和醛固酮(ALD)活性/含量.试验结果表明:无创血压、HR主要是在注药后5～10 min及80 min时出现明显的改变(P<0.01或P<0.05).PRA、AⅡ和ALD与收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)及HR的变化趋势大致相似,且它们之间存在着一定的相关性,其中以SBP、DBP、MAP表现得明显.由此可以得出:PRA、A Ⅱ和ALD参与了小型猪复合麻醉剂引起的小型猪血流动力学变化过程,肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的变化可能是该复合制剂引起血流动力学变化的主要原因之一. 相似文献
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本试验旨在观察小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪的氧化损伤程度,及对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)的特异性颉颃效果。选用中国试验用小型猪14头,体重50kg左右,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组7头,均使用XFM肌肉注射进行麻醉,试验组使用小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂进行催醒,对照组则注射等量生理盐水,观察催醒效果,并检测血清中一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)浓度。结果表明,小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂后缩短了各项生理反射(夹耳反射、眼睑反射、痛觉等)的恢复时间(P0.05);血清MDA及SOD呈现无规则变化,且变化趋势不明显(P0.05),血清NOS及NO在注射XFM 30min后极明显降低(P0.01),然后逐渐回升,60min后恢复正常,差异不显著(P0.05)。表明小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂能够很好的拮抗XFM麻醉效果,产生较快的苏醒效果,在催醒过程中对小型猪没有产生明显的过氧化损伤,临床安全性较好。 相似文献
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实验用小型猪吸入性全麻效果观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为实验外科教学培训需要,对62头实验用小型猪采用氯胺酮(10 mg/kg)和速眠新Ⅱ(亦称846,0.1mL/kg)联合应用诱导麻醉的方法肌肉注射,待动物进入麻醉诱导状态后再行气管内插管,连接麻醉机,开启2%异氟醚吸入麻醉维持,同时接入血氧监护仪(Nellcor),对动物生理指标无创血氧饱和度SpO2和心率进行监测.结果表明:吸入麻醉前后SpO2差异显著(P＜0.05);吸入麻醉15 min后小型猪生理指标开始趋于稳定;吸入麻醉后2小时和3小时SpO2和心率分别维持在98%和78次/min.术中无疼痛反射,肌肉松弛度良好. 相似文献
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14头中国实验用小型猪肌肉注射复合麻醉剂(XFM)0.15mL/kg,并在注药前及注药后5、10、30、45、60、80、100、120min进行收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)的监测并同步采取前腔静脉血样,采用比色法和放免法测定血清中一氧化氮(NO)、血浆中内皮素(ET)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)和血栓素B2(TXB2)的含量。结果显示,血压和HR主要是在注药后5～10min及80min时出现明显的变化(P<0.01或P<0.05)。ET和TXB2与SBP、DBP和MAP呈相关或显著相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01);而6-keto-PGF1α与SBP、DBP和MAP呈负相关或显著负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。NO血压和HR的变化无相关性(P>0.05)。结果表明,ET、TXB2和6-keto-PGF1α共同参与了XFM引起的小型猪血流动力学变化过程,是引起小型猪血压发生变化的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉下大鼠海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录的影响,藉以探究其催醒机制.90只成年SD大鼠被随机分成XFM麻醉组、XFM麻醉+生理盐水组、XFM麻醉+小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂组,每组分为5个不同采样时间点的亚组.采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测样品中c-jun基因mRNA转录量.结果显示,XFM麻醉诱导大鼠海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录,各时间点海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录与0 min比较显著升高(P＜0.01),XFM麻醉大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水后各时间点海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录与XFM对照组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),注射小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂后抑制了XFM诱导大鼠海马c-jun基因mRNA的转录,与XFM对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结果表明,小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂抑制了XFM麻醉诱导大鼠海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA的转录,这可能与小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒机制相关. 相似文献
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小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪肝肾功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪肝肾功能的影响,以复合麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉的中国试验用小型猪为试验模型,采用小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂进行催醒,检测催醒过程中血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)的变化。结果发现:不同时间点小型猪血清中各项指标与麻醉前相比,差异不显著(P>0.05),均在生理范围内波动。表明临床剂量的XFM特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪肝肾功能无明显影响。 相似文献
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本试验将小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)、氯胺酮复合安定及速眠新Ⅱ联合戊巴比妥钠三组麻醉药,对小型猪麻醉效果进行比较,将18头中国试验用小型猪随机分成3组,第一组肌肉注射猪小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)0.15 mL/kg体重;第二组氯胺酮(8 mg/kg体重)复合安定(1 mg/kg体重),肌肉注射;第三组速眠新Ⅱ0.1 mL/kg体重、戊巴比妥钠10.5 mg/kg体重,联合肌肉注射.试验结果表明,XFM组和速眠新Ⅱ组与氯胺酮组相比对体温和呼吸影响小;XFM组与其他两组比较麻醉诱导时间短,麻醉时间长,苏醒期短;氯胺酮组和XFM组与速眠新Ⅱ组相比麻醉镇痛、镇静、肌松效果好.综合评价XFM组与其他两组比具有对小型猪体温(T)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)影响小,麻醉时间适中,麻醉效果确实,镇静、镇痛、肌松效果均衡等优点. 相似文献
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小型猪复合麻醉剂对小型猪血浆心钠素降钙素基因相关肽神经肽Y和神经降压素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)由噻环乙胺、噻拉嗪、强痛灵等药物组成.该合剂的研制主要是为了满足医学、兽医学及生物工程等领域以小型猪为实验动物,开展相关科研工作及临床诊疗在麻醉保障方面的迫切需要.血浆心纳素(ANP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、神经肽Y(NPY)和神经降压素(NT)是4种与血管舒缩功能密切相关的血管活性肽.本研究旨在通过观察注射XFM后小型猪无创血压(NIBP)、心率(HR)、ANP、CGRP、NPY和NT的变化,探讨XFM对小型猪血流动力学的影响及其作用机制. 相似文献
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为探讨Na+,K+-ATP酶在小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒过程中的作用,144只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组和试验组再分为早期催醒组、中期催醒组和晚期催醒组.用分光光度法测定不同脑区Na+,K+-ATP酶活性.结果显示,大鼠在不同时期注射小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂后,大鼠不同脑区的Na+,K+-ATP酶活性均被激活,且Na+,K+-ATP酶活性的这种变化趋势与大鼠行为学的变化相一致.表明小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒作用可能与激活大脑皮层和海马等脑区的Na+,K+-ATP酶活性相关. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献