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试验旨在研究奶牛日粮中添加不同梯度的吡啶羧酸铬对热应激期奶牛体温、呼吸率、产奶量和牛乳中铬及乳成分的影响,为吡啶羧酸铬在奶牛热应激期的安全应用提供依据。选择20头荷斯坦泌乳牛,采用单因子区组设计,分为对照组和处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个试验组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在此基础上分别添加吡啶羧酸铬4、8和12mg/(头·d),试验期60d。结果表明,奶牛在热应激状态下,日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬4、8、12mg/(头·d)对牛奶中铬含量影响不显著(P>0.05);对牛奶常规成分(乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、总固形物)无显著影响(P>0.05);添加8、12mg/(头·d)水平的吡啶羧酸铬对减缓奶牛热应激、提高产奶量有显著作用(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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热应激条件下日粮补充赖氨酸铬对泌乳期奶牛生产性能及血液参数的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
选择80头泌乳中期(154d)的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为对照组和处理组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。处理组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别补充不同水平的赖氨酸铬,对照组不添加。结果表明:热应激期奶牛日粮添加适量的赖氨酸铬,可以改善奶牛生产性能和生理状态,增强抗热应激的能力,铬的补充量应以9￣12mg/头·d为宜。处理组Ⅱ和Ⅲ产奶量高于对照组1.4kg/头.d和1.5kg/头.d(P<0.05);试验组Ⅲ乳脂率升高0.36%(P<0.05);处理组Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ体细胞数(SCC)分别低于对照组5.15×105/mL、4.51×105/mL、和6.22×105/mL(P<0.05);处理组Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ血清中总甘油三酯含量分别低于对照组0.03mmol/L、0.04mmol/L和0.03mmol/L(P<0.05);各处理组葡萄糖与胰岛素比值均高于对照组,其中处理组Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的数值分别提高0.04、0.05和0.05(P<0.05);;热应激条件下奶牛补充赖氨酸铬对干物质采食量、乳蛋白率、血清胰岛素和胆固醇素含量及乳中铬含量没有显著影响。 相似文献
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为缓解奶牛热应激对其生产性能造成的影响,降低由此带来的经济损失,该试验研究、配制了奶牛抗热应激功能性营养包。按照胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数和体况相近的原则,将120头健康的荷斯坦泌乳奶牛随机分成试验组和对照组。在中度热应激条件下,对照组奶牛饲喂牧场基础日粮,试验组奶牛在基础日粮中添加300 g/(d·头)复合型功能性营养包,观察复合型功能性营养包的抗热应激效果。试验结果表明,在正试结束时,试验组奶牛的单产显著高于对照组(P0.05);与预试期相比,对照组奶牛的平均单产降低2.96 kg/(d·头),而试验组平均单产降低1.16 kg/(d·头),比对照组缓降了1.80 kg/(d·头);试验组奶牛的乳蛋白涨幅比对照组高0.13个百分点;正试结束时和停试第10天试验组奶牛的乳脂率和乳中干物质均显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验组奶牛的饲料转化率比对照组缓降0.02。结果提示,抗热应激功能性营养包不仅能够有效地缓减牛奶由于热应激导致的单产下降,还可以提高乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳中干物质和饲料转化率。 相似文献
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本文旨在研究复方中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛干物质采食量、泌乳性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验挑选60头体况、产奶量、泌乳日龄和胎次相近的荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计,随机分为4组,每组15头奶牛,每组分别在基础饲粮中添加0、100、200和300 g/头·d的复方中草药添加剂,预饲期1周,正试期8周。结果表明,200和300 g/头·d添加组奶牛的干物质采食量和产奶量显著高于0和100 g/头·d添加组奶牛(P0.05)。复方中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛的乳成分无显著影响(P0.05)。复方中草药添加剂显著提高了热应激奶牛血液甲状腺激素和皮质醇浓度(P0.05),其中以200 g/头·d添加组浓度最高。复方中草药添加剂显著提高了热应激奶牛血液超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,降低了血液丙二醛含量。综上所述,本试验条件下使用的复方中草药添加剂以200 g/头·d的添加剂量具有最佳效果,可以显著改善热应激奶牛的干物质采食量和泌乳性能。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(17)
本试验旨在研究小肽(SP)和稀土(RE)不同添加量组合对奶牛产奶性能及氮排泄的影响。选取年龄、体重、产奶量、乳成分及泌乳期(45±15)d相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,分为10组。对照组(C)饲喂基础日粮,试验组补饲不同添加量组合的小肽和稀土,其中小肽设3个水平,添加量分别为75(L)、100(M)、125(H)g/(d·头);稀土设3个水平,添加量分别为18(L)、23(M)、28(H)g/(d·头),共9个不同添加量组合,分别为LL、ML、HL、LM、MM、HM、LH、MH、HH,每个处理4个重复。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:各试验组产奶量均高于对照组(P0.05),以LH组最高;各试验组乳脂率、乳蛋白均高于对照组(P0.05),均以LH组最高,体细胞数则均显著低于对照组(P0.05),以LH组最低;各试验组日粮氮泌乳转化效率均得到显著提高(P0.05),以LH组最高,各试验组粪尿总氮排泄量比对照组分别降低6.99%、4.92%、3.09%、14.58%、11.57%、9.70%、20.03%、17.99%、16.34%,以LH组最低(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,泌乳奶牛饲粮中同时添加小肽和稀土可提高奶牛的产奶性能、降低奶牛粪尿氮的排泄量。综合考虑上述指标,在本试验设计条件下,最佳添加量组合为小肽75 g/(d·头),稀土28 g/(d·头)。 相似文献
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铬对泌乳期奶牛的生产性能和主要生理指标的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了泌乳期奶牛日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬或赖氨酸铬对其生产性能和血液主要生理指标的影响。选择75头泌乳前期（〈80d）的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为试验组A、B和对照组C。试验组A和B每天日粮中分别补充吡啶羧酸铬和赖氨酸铬，供试期间对照组C不添加有机铬。结果表明：铬可提高泌乳期奶牛的生产性能，增强和改善泌乳奶牛的免疫力和应激状态。试验组A和试验组B泌乳量高于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组B血清中的甘油三酯的浓度低于对照组C（P〈0．05）；试验组A血清中胰岛素浓度低于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组A和试验组B血清中葡萄糖浓度都高于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组A和试验组B血清中皮质醇的浓度分别比对照组C低7．21nmol／L和4．92nmol／L，试验组A和试验组B血清中IgG的浓度分别比对照组C高2．1g／L和3．1g／L。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究复合小肽对泌乳前期奶牛生产性能及健康状况的影响。选择荷斯坦奶牛400头,按照泌乳时间、产奶量和胎次基本一致的原则分为对照组、试验1组、试验2组、试验3组,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别按5、10、15 g/(d·头)添加复合小肽。预试期7 d,正式试验期100 d。结果表明:在奶牛日粮中添加小肽,有提高产奶量趋势,添加10 g/(d·头)对产奶量影响显著(P0.05);可以改善奶牛机体的健康状况,试验组血红蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),添加10 g/(d·头)的试验组的白细胞、红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞数量均显著高于其他组(P0.05)。综合考虑,小肽在奶牛日粮中的适宜添加剂量为10 g/(d·头)。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2015,(8)
本试验旨在通过在饲粮中添加不同剂量的杜仲叶提取物,确定其在泌乳奶牛中的安全使用剂量。将60头泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛按体重、胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相同或相近的原则随机分为4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮上添加20、100和200 g/(d·头)杜仲叶提取物。预试期10 d,试验期60 d。结果表明:添加适量杜仲叶提取物[20 g/(d·头)]有提高奶牛干物质采食量的作用,同时对产奶量和乳脂率有明显提升作用,并可降低牛奶体细胞数;添加100 g/(d·头)杜仲叶提取物使奶牛干物质采食量比对照组降低了0.78%(P0.05),且产奶量比对照组降低了1.38%(P0.05);添加200 g/(d·头)杜仲叶提取物使奶牛干物质采食量比对照组显著降低了3.42%(P0.05),且使牛奶体细胞数显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。添加适量杜仲叶提取物[20 g/(d·头)]对奶牛营养物质的消化率有促进作用,但是添加高剂量杜仲叶提取物[200 g/(d·头)]对营养物质的消化具有抑制作用。添加高剂量杜仲叶提取物[100和200 g/(d·头)]未对奶牛血液指标产生不良影响。综上所述,同时结合生产实际,推荐以100 g/(d·头)杜仲叶提取物作为泌乳奶牛最高安全使用剂量。 相似文献
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本试验用中药复方"清热散"对热应激期的奶牛进行治疗,观察其对奶牛产奶量及理化指标的影响。30头泌乳奶牛被随机分成3组:试验Ⅰ组(添加纯中药,250 g/d·头)、试验Ⅱ组(添加益生菌+中药250 g/d·头)、对照组(零添加),饲喂30d。结果显示:试验组的平均日产奶量比对照组提高18.30%(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组与对照组的乳蛋白浓度差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的呼吸频率在试验期各阶段的平均值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的T3、T4浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验组ACTH浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验期内,试验组的CK浓度均低于对照组,AST浓度以试验Ⅰ组最低,试验组的ALT浓度均高于对照组。本试验表明"清热散"对缓解夏季奶牛的热应激有明显的效果,有利于提高奶牛生产性能。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献