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本试验旨在研究嗜酸乳杆菌对不同羽毛损伤程度太行鸡生产性能、啄羽行为和血浆中5-羟色胺（5-HT）水平的影响。采用双因素试验设计,因素1为羽毛损伤程度（正常、损伤）,因素2为嗜酸乳杆菌添加水平（0、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%）。先选取羽毛正常和羽毛损伤的42周龄太行鸡各240只,再分别随机分为4个组,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0（基础饲粮组）、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%嗜酸乳杆菌的饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果显示：1）与基础饲粮组相比,添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%嗜酸乳杆菌均显著降低了啄羽次数（P <0.05）,显著降低了血浆中皮质酮（CORT）水平（P<0.05）,显著降低了盲肠菌群中脱硫菌门的相对丰度（P<0.05）;添加0.2%、0.3%嗜酸乳杆菌均显著提高了平均蛋重（P<0.05）,显著提高了盲肠菌群中乳杆菌属的相对丰度（P<0.05）,显著降低了盲肠菌群中巨单胞菌属的相对丰度（P<0.05）,显著提高了血浆中5-HT水平,并显著降低了血浆中5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）/5-HT比值（P<... 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨不同处理豆粕及嗜酸乳杆菌培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态结构的影响。试验选用遗传背景、胎次和体重相近的21日龄断奶仔猪240头,随机分为5个组,每组4个重复,每个重复12头仔猪。对照组仔猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,发酵豆粕组饲粮中用10%发酵豆粕代替部分普通豆粕,膨化大豆组饲粮中用膨化大豆代替所有普通豆粕,嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组饲粮中分别添加3.0%和5.0%的嗜酸乳杆菌培养物。各组饲粮消化能和粗蛋白质等营养水平相近。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,发酵豆粕组断奶仔猪料重比显著降低(P0.05),3%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组断奶仔猪平均日采食量显著提高(P0.05)。3%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组和5%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组之间断奶仔猪平均日采食量差异不显著(P0.05)。2)3%、5%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组断奶仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度显著高于对照组和发酵豆粕组(P0.05)。3%、5%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组断奶仔猪十二指肠、回肠、空肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值显著高于对照组和发酵豆粕组(P0.05)。膨化大豆组断奶仔猪十二指肠的V/C值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)透射电镜下发现,对照组断奶仔猪空肠微绒毛疏密不等、长短不一,而3%、5%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组断奶仔猪空肠微绒毛更为密集,整齐一致。由此可知,饲粮中添加发酵豆粕或嗜酸乳杆菌培养物可改善断奶仔猪生长,饲粮中添加嗜酸乳杆菌培养物还能改善肠道形态结构。综合生长性能和肠道形态结构,断奶仔猪饲粮中嗜酸乳杆菌培养物添加量以3%为宜。 相似文献
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文章旨在研究日粮添加嗜酸乳杆菌、蒙脱石、嗜酸乳杆菌和蒙脱石混合物及蒙脱石载嗜酸乳杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群、空肠形态和黏膜完整性的影响。试验选择500头(21±1)d、体重一致[(6.02±0.89)kg]的健康杜洛克×长白×大白断奶仔猪,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,处理1~4组分别在基础日粮中添加8×10~8 cfu/kg嗜酸乳杆菌、1.5 g/kg蒙脱石、8×10~8 cfu/kg嗜酸乳杆菌和1.5 g/kg蒙脱石混合物、1.5 g/kg蒙脱石载8×10~8 cfu/kg嗜酸乳杆菌。试验共进行21 d。结果显示:与嗜酸乳杆菌相比,蒙脱石载嗜酸乳杆菌中嗜酸乳杆菌在胃酸中80 min和肠液中240 min的存活率显著提高(P0.05)。与对照组相比,处理1~4组显著提高了断奶仔猪平均日增重(P0.05)。与对照组相比,处理4组显著提高了空肠和结肠乳酸杆菌数量(P0.05);处理4组较处理2组显著提高了空肠和结肠乳酸杆菌数量(P0.05)。与对照组、处理1组和处理2组相比,处理4组显著提高了断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。与对照组相比,处理4组显著提高了结肠的跨膜电阻(P0.05),同时显著降低了空肠和结肠葡萄糖荧光素4 k Da蛋白的含量(P0.05)。结果表明:在本试验条件下,日粮添加蒙脱石载嗜酸乳杆菌较单独添加蒙脱石、嗜酸乳杆菌或蒙脱石和嗜酸乳杆菌的混合物提高了断奶仔猪的生长性能、空肠形态和肠道屏障的完整性。 相似文献
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为探究饲料中嗜酸乳杆菌对肉鸡生产的效果,试验选取11日龄健康的黄羽肉鸡200羽,随机分为5组。分别为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),试验1、2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加5、10、15g/kg的嗜酸乳杆菌和150mg/kg的抗菌肽。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,嗜酸乳杆菌组显著提高了肉鸡的日增重与采食量(P<0.05);但与抗菌肽组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)添加嗜酸乳杆菌15g/kg时,试验组中盲肠段内的双歧杆菌数量显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,4个试验组中的盲肠、回肠乳酸杆菌与双歧杆菌均有所提高,但只有试验3、4组呈现显著性差异(P<0.05),除此之外,各分组中回肠大肠杆菌数量无明显差异(P>0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,饲料中添加不同嗜酸乳杆菌能明显提高肉鸡生长性能和饲料利用率,增加经济效益。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2015,(24)
研究旨在探讨在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加发酵豆粕及嗜酸乳杆菌培养物对仔猪肠道形态结构及空肠消化酶活性的影响。选用遗传背景、胎次和体重相近的21日龄断奶仔猪48头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。对照组仔猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组仔猪饲喂奶粉饲粮(由某公司提供),试验Ⅱ组仔猪饲喂用发酵豆粕代替10.0%普通豆粕的试验饲粮,试验Ⅲ组饲粮是在试验Ⅱ组基础上用嗜酸乳杆菌培养物代替3.0%原有原料,试验期21 d。结果显示:1饲粮中用发酵豆粕代替10%普通豆粕显著提高35日龄仔猪十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度,降低35日龄仔猪隐窝深度,提高绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)(P0.05)。2饲粮添加3%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物显著提高了35日龄仔猪各段小肠的绒毛高度,降低35日龄仔猪各段小肠隐窝深度,提高42日龄各段小肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。3通过透射电镜发现,对照组空肠微绒毛稀疏、短小、排列不整齐;试验组仔猪空肠微绒毛较长、整齐、密集,尤其是添加嗜酸乳杆菌组效果最好。4饲粮中用发酵豆粕代替10%普通豆粕显著提高了35日龄仔猪空肠蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性(P0.05),提高42日龄仔猪麦芽糖酶活性(P0.05),提高42日龄仔猪麦芽糖酶活性。5饲粮添加3%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物与只添加发酵豆粕相比,仔猪空肠二糖酶、Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP酶活性差异不显著(P0.05),但35日龄时Na+/K+-ATP酶活性显著提高(P0.05)。发酵豆粕可改善仔猪空肠微绒毛结构,减缓断奶应激引起的乳糖酶急剧下降,提高蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性。用嗜酸乳杆菌培养物替代原有原料3%后各指标效果更好,替代后其效果与奶粉饲粮的效果相当。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(9)
试验旨在通过饲养试验和屠宰试验研究一种枯草芽孢杆菌-刺五加多糖合生元对蛋雏鸡的免疫器官指数及盲肠微生物的影响。试验选用600只健康、体重相近的1日龄海兰褐雏鸡,随机分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础日粮中添加金霉素(80 g/t);Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.4%和0.8%的枯草芽孢杆菌-刺五加多糖合生元,试验期56 d。结果表明,在免疫器官指数上,与对照组相比,添加量为0.1%和0.8%时,对蛋雏鸡胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊的指数影响均不显著,当添加量为0.2%~0.4%时,影响均显著(P0.05);与金霉素组相比,胸腺指数各试验组差异均不显著,脾脏和法氏囊指数0.2%、0.4%组显著提高(P0.05),且两者之间差异不显著(P0.05)。在盲肠微生物方面,与对照组相比,大肠杆菌数量0.1%和0.2%组差异不显著(P0.05),0.4%和0.8%组显著降低(P0.05);0.1%、0.2%、0.4%组显著高于金霉素组(P0.05),0.8%组与金霉素组作用相当(P0.05)。与对照组和金霉素组相比,乳酸杆菌数量0.1%组差异不显著,0.2%、0.4%、0.8%组均显著提高(P0.05);双歧杆菌数量0.1%和0.8%组差异均不显著(P0.05),0.2%、0.4%均显著提高(P0.05)。在试验条件下,该枯草芽孢杆菌-刺五加多糖合生元产品对蛋雏鸡免疫器官指数及盲肠微生物均有显著改善作用,其效果与添加量有关,0.2%和0.4%组效果显著,综合考虑,当添加0.4%时饲喂效果较好。 相似文献
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选择体重相近、品种一致的1日龄商品肉用健康雏鸡240只,随机分成4组,每组6个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%的白藜芦醇,研究白藜芦醇对肉仔鸡免疫性能及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明:0.1%和0.2%白藜芦醇组较对照组显著增加了胸腺指数(P<0.05),0.1%白藜芦醇组显著增加了脾脏指数(P<0.05);脾脏指数随着日粮中白藜芦醇添加量的增加有呈二次曲线增加的趋势(P=0.06)。0.2%的白藜芦醇组与对照组相比显著增加了法氏囊指数(P<0.05)。法氏囊指数随着白藜芦醇添加量的增加呈线性增加。0.1%白藜芦醇与对照组相比显著提高了血清中IgG和IgM水平(P<0.05);随着日粮中白藜芦醇添加量的增加IgG和IgM、C_3水平呈二次曲线增加,0.1%和0.2%白藜芦醇组显著降低了血清中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性(P<0.05)。结果说明,日粮中添加0.1%至0.2%白藜芦醇有利于提高肉鸡免疫功能。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(19)
为了研究枯草芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态参数和免疫器官指数的影响,试验将1日龄健康肉鸡180只随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2,3组在基础日粮中分别添加0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌、0.1%嗜酸乳杆菌,并采用组织学技术研究肉鸡小肠黏膜的形态结构与免疫器官指数的变化。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,3组肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度显著提高(P0.05),2,3组绒毛长度/隐窝深度(V/C值)显著提高(P0.05);2,3组空肠绒毛高度有所提高,但差异不显著(P0.05),V/C值显著提高(P0.05);2,3组回肠绒毛高度均显著提高(P0.05),V/C值也显著提高(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,2,3组肉鸡胸腺与法氏囊指数均有增加的趋势(P0.05)。说明枯草芽孢杆菌与嗜酸乳杆菌可以提高肉鸡小肠黏膜绒毛长度、V/C值和免疫器官指数。 相似文献
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为了研究嗜酸乳杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及营养物质代谢率的影响,选择30羽7周龄体重相近、健康的黄羽肉鸡,随机分成5组,每组6羽鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加5,10和15 g/kg的嗜酸乳杆菌制剂(活菌数不小于108cfu/g);试验Ⅳ组在基础日粮中添加25 mg/kg的金霉素制剂,试验期为30 d。结果:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组日增重分别提高了32.41%、38.65%、45.61%和26.61%,差异均极显著(P<0.01),且试验Ⅲ组的饲料报酬极显著提高(P<0.01);各试验组粗脂肪及磷的代谢率均极显著提高(P<0.01),粗蛋白、钙的代谢率均有提高,且试验Ⅲ组粗蛋白质和钙的代谢率最高。因此,在7周龄黄羽肉鸡日粮中嗜酸乳杆菌制剂适宜的添加量为15 g/kg。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献