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棕榈仁粕添加水平对农户饲养奶牛泌乳性能和饲料成本的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选择泌乳日龄、胎次、日产奶量相近的30头荷斯坦奶牛,设不含棕榈仁粕(PKC)组(对照)、精料中添加12%PKC组(PKC12)、精料中添加24%PKC组(PKC24)3个处理,试验期12周,研究在农户饲养条件下PKC添加水平对奶牛泌乳性能和乳成分的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,精料中添加12%和24%PKC对奶牛平均产奶量、乳成分、干物质采食量、饲料转化效率和血液生化指标均没有显著影响(P>0.10),但日饲料成本分别下降0.86元和1.74元。综合来看,在农户饲养条件下,奶牛精料中12%～24%的棕榈仁粕添加水平不影响产奶性能、乳成分和血液生化指标,但显著降低产奶的饲料成本。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医杂志》2017,(6)
三种处理棕榈仁粕以30%比例添加到日粮中代替玉米,研究棕榈仁粕饲粮中添加甘露聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:试验前期,三种棕榈仁粕处理饲粮组平均采食量和平均体增重均显著低于对照组(P0.05),且料肉比显著高于对照组(P0.05)。PKM-c组料肉比显著高于PKM-a组(P0.05)。试验后期,三种棕榈仁粕处理饲粮组平均体增重显著低于对照组(P0.05),而料肉比显著高于对照组(P0.05)。PKM-c组体增重显著高于PKM-a组(P0.05),但其料肉比显著低于PKM-a组(P0.05)。添加甘露聚糖酶后,前期料肉比有显著改善(P0.05)。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2020,(3)
本研究旨在探讨饲粮棕榈粕添加水平对产蛋期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、器官发育及抗氧化功能的影响,为生产中棕榈粕在蛋鸭饲粮中的科学应用提供参考。选择600只健康的20周龄福建龙岩麻鸭,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸭。各组蛋鸭分别饲喂棕榈粕添加水平为0、3%、6%、9%和12%的试验饲粮。试验期12周。结果表明:饲粮棕榈粕添加水平对蛋鸭平均蛋重、蛋黄重和蛋壳重有显著影响(P0.05),随着饲粮棕榈粕添加水平的升高,平均蛋重、蛋黄重和蛋壳重呈下降趋势;饲粮棕榈粕添加水平对其他产蛋性能和蛋品质指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮棕榈粕添加水平对蛋鸭血浆和肝脏抗氧化指标及器官重量均无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,以平均蛋重为评价指标,推荐蛋鸭饲粮中棕榈粕添加水平不高于3%;饲粮中棕榈粕添加水平达6%～12%时可降低平均蛋重,但并未影响蛋鸭器官发育和抗氧化功能。 相似文献
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试验旨在应用体外产气量技术和尼龙袋法评价含有棕榈仁粕、油茶籽粕或茶籽粕的肉牛饲粮的营养价值。试验分为4组,A组为对照组,B、C、D组在A组基础上分别添加5%的棕榈仁粕、油茶籽粕或茶籽粕,并调整为等能等蛋白饲粮。结果表明:(1)D组饲粮体外发酵96h的总产气量最高,较A、B和C组饲粮分别提高2.62%、10.01%和7.05%(P0.05);B组饲粮24h及48h的挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。D组饲粮体外发酵24h及48h的丙酸含量最高,其余依次为A、C和B组饲粮(P0.05)。(2)A组饲粮的干物质有效降解率最高,其余依次为D、C和B组饲粮(P0.05);A组饲粮的有机物有效降解率最高,分别较B、C和D组饲粮提高32.21%、9.56%和3.62%(P0.05);粗蛋白质有效降解率由高到低依次为C、D、A和B组饲粮(P0.05)。(3)A组的能氮平衡值较大,B、C、D组的能氮平衡值较小,B组的能氮平衡值最接近0。结果可见,含棕榈仁粕、油茶籽粕和茶籽粕饲粮均具有丰富的营养成分,含茶籽粕饲粮在提供能量方面具有优势且消化性能最好,含棕榈仁粕饲粮的能氮平衡最好。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究含棕榈仁粕、油茶籽粕或茶籽粕饲粮对夏杂断奶公犊牛生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫性能的影响。选取断奶后2月龄健康、平均体重为(79.5±0.79)kg的夏杂公犊牛48头,随机分为4组,每组12头,分别饲喂4种全混合饲粮,对照组饲喂仅含豆粕的全混合日粮,试验组分别饲喂含5%棕榈仁粕、5%油茶籽粕、5%茶籽粕的全混合饲粮,并调整为等能等蛋白。其中预试期14 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:棕榈仁粕组犊牛的末重和平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),棕榈仁粕组犊牛干物质采食量和体尺指标与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于其他2组(P0.05);在30、60 d时,茶籽粕组犊牛血清中Ig G、Ig A、Ig M浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由上述结果可见,棕榈仁粕饲粮可以促进夏杂公犊牛的生长;茶籽粕饲粮使得犊牛血清Ig G、Ig A、Ig M含量升高,采食量降低;油茶籽粕饲粮降低了犊牛采食量。 相似文献
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随着棕榈仁粕产量的增加以及大家对常规饲料原料可持续利用的担忧．世界部分地区对棕榈仁粕在肉鸡日粮中的最大添加水平进行了一些研究．结果表明棕榈仁粕不含抗营养成分,只要日粮的氨基酸和代谢能平衡．棕榈仁粕的安全添加水平至少可高达40％。虽然棕榈仁粕的添加导致日粮纤维较高和饲料消化率降低．但是却提高了采食量．最终摄入的总可消化营养成分也相应提高。β-甘露聚糖是棕榈仁粕中非淀粉多糖的主要成分,有报道认为,甘露糖和甘露低聚糖都能起到益生素的作用．日粮中添加棕榈仁粕增强禽类免疫系统功能．减少肠道致病菌数。凭借以上两个优点,我们强烈推荐棕榈仁粕添加到肉鸡日粮中．尤其是在棕榈仁粕生产国．这不仅有利于提高肉鸡生产性能．还能促进鸡群健康。有选择性地添加一些酶制剂到到饲料中．可增加饲料转化率和消化率．同时也降低排泄物的水分含量。 相似文献
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试验采用36头大白×长白生长猪测定棕榈仁粕(PKC)替换日粮中玉米对生产性能及生产成本的影响,初始体质量为(36.5±1.38)kg。处理组中棕榈仁粕分别以50%及100%的比例替换日粮中的玉米(对照组中含30kg玉米)。试验期42d,结果表明:1)各试验组间性能特征无显著差异,平均日采食量、日增质量、饲料利用率及蛋白质利用率在各试验组间是相近的;2)随着日粮中PKC水平的升高,以每天所耗饲料成本及每千克增质量所耗饲料成本计算成本显著降低;3)PKC取代比例对日粮中养分的表观消化率及生长猪血清代谢物无显著影响。由此可推断,PKC可作为一种能量饲料,并且可有效代替日粮中的玉米。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例棕榈粕对生长猪生长性能的影响。试验选取健康状况良好,胎次相近,平均体重(32.13依2.13)kg的杜长大三元杂交商品猪120头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂4%、7%、10%棕榈粕日粮。各组环境条件一致,自由采食和饮水,按照常规饲养管理进行,预饲期7天,试验期26天。结果显示院随着棕榈粕添加量(<7%)的增加,生长猪平均日采食量和平均日增重逐渐提高。7%棕榈粕组平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而4%棕榈粕组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);与对照组相比,4%棕榈粕组和7%棕榈粕组平均日增重均有升高的趋势但无明显差异(P>0.05)。当棕榈粕添加量达到10%时,平均日采食量和平均日增重比7%棕榈粕组显著降低,基本与对照组持平,且10%棕榈粕组料重比显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,在生长猪(30kg)日粮中添加4%-7%棕榈粕可促进猪只采食量和生长性能,而当棕榈粕添加量达到10%时,会影响生长猪的采食量和生长性能。 相似文献
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杂粕型饲粮添加杂粕酶对肉鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验选择21日龄AA肉鸡360羽,研究在玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加杂粕酶对其生产性能和经济效益的影响.试验采用单因子完全随机分组设计,共设3个处理,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮(正对照)、玉米-杂粕型饲粮(负对照)和玉米杂粕加杂柏酶饲粮(试验组),每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复40只.试验结果表明:饲粮中添加酶组比杂粕饲粮组日增重提高8.07%(P＜0.05),料肉比降低12.02%(P＜0.05),增重饲料成本降低了22.63%(P＜0.01);与豆粕型饲粮组相比,日增重、日采食量和料肉比差异不显著(P＞0.05),增重饲料成本显著降低(P＜0.05).说明在肉鸡玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加杂粕酶可以保持生产性能不变,降低生产成本,提高经济效益. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献