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1.
本试验旨在研究青稞替代玉米对育肥牦牛生产性能、屠宰性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响。采用2×3交叉设计,以日粮类型(玉米、60%青稞+40%玉米)和不同精粗比(30∶70、40∶60和50∶50)为两因素,选取36头年龄4周岁左右、体重为(144±21.0)kg的麦洼公牦牛,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。预饲期15d,正试期180d。结果表明:1)日粮类型及精粗比对牦牛生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)青稞-玉米组的净肉率显著高于玉米组(P<0.05),但屠宰率和眼肌面积无显著差异(P>0.05);精粗比对屠宰性能无显著影响(P>0.05);日粮类型和精粗比二因素对眼肌面积的互作影响显著(P<0.05),以青稞-玉米(40∶60)组效果最优。3)日粮类型对养分表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);与30∶70相比,40∶60和50∶50极显著提高了有机物(OM)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P<0.01)、显著提高了粗蛋白(CP)的表观消化率(P<0.05);日粮类型和精粗比二因素对GE、OM和粗脂肪(EE)的表观消化率有显著的互作影响(P<0.05),以玉米(40∶60)组效果最佳。4)青稞-玉米组和玉米组背最长肌亮度值(L*)、红度值(a*)、pH值均无显著差异(P>0.05),但青稞-玉米组的黄度值(b*)和滴水损失显著低于玉米组(P<0.05)、蒸煮损失极显著低于玉米组(P<0.01);随着精粗比的升高,蒸煮损失有逐渐降低的趋势(P=0.075)。5)日粮类型对背最长肌的嫩度无显著影响(P>0.05);随着精粗比的升高,剪切力逐渐减小(P>0.05),肌纤维直径有减小的趋势(P=0.059),肌纤维密度显著增加(P<0.05),肌纤维面积显著减小(P<0.05)。综上所述,以青稞替代日粮中60%的玉米能够提高育肥牦牛的屠宰性能,改善牦牛肉的品质;日粮精粗比为40∶60时饲喂效果最佳。  相似文献   

2.
赵娜 《中国饲料》2024,(6):55-58
文章旨在探究日粮精粗比对牦牛犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和经济效益的影响。试验将80头体重相近,健康状况良好的牦牛牛犊随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复4头。其中试验组1精粗比为30∶70;试验组2精粗比为40∶60;试验组3精粗比为50∶50;试验组4精粗比为60∶40。试验为期107 d,包括10 d预试验和97 d正式试验。试验结果表明,精粗比50∶50和60∶40组牦牛犊牛终末体重分别显著提高6.9%和12.81%(P <0.05),平均日增重分别显著提高10.72%和22.47%(P <0.05);平均日采食量分别显著降低6.11%和17.11%(P <0.05);料重比分别显著降低15.20%和32.41%(P <0.05)。随着精饲料添加量的提高,牦牛犊牛血清总蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和葡萄糖含量显著提高（P <0.05）;日粮精粗比对牦牛犊牛血清白蛋白、尿素氮含量、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性无显著影响（P> 0.05）。随日粮精粗比的提高,牦牛犊牛增重成本先升高后降低,分别为49.30、59.27、53.43和47.93元;毛利润分别为...  相似文献   

3.
试验旨在研究在日粮中添加3%黑沙蒿对绒山羊屠宰性能的影响。试验采用单因素随机试验设计，设2个处理组，每组20个重复，每个重复1只羊。对照组（CON）绒山羊饲喂精粗比为50∶50的基础日粮，试验组（AOM）绒山羊饲喂用3%的黑沙蒿替代等比例粗料的基础日粮。试验期90 d。结果显示，AOM组山羊的宰前活重显著低于CON组（P<0.05）。AOM组山羊的蹄重占宰前活重比例显著高于CON组（P<0.05），肾脏重量显著低于CON组（P<0.05）。日粮中添加黑沙蒿山羊的肾脂重具有降低的趋势（P>0.05），对大网膜脂重、肠细膜脂和尾脂重均无显著影响（P>0.05）。研究表明，饲喂3%黑沙蒿显著降低了绒山羊宰前活重，降低了肾脏及肾脂的重量，但对屠宰性能无显著的负面影响。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在研究不同精粗比全混合日粮对湖羊生长性能、血清激素浓度和屠宰性能的影响。选择体重相近、体况良好且健康的湖羊羔羊40只,随机分为4组,每组10只(公母各占1/2)。4组试验羊分别饲喂精粗比为70∶30(试验Ⅰ组)、60∶40(试验Ⅱ组)、50∶50(试验Ⅲ组)和40∶60(试验Ⅳ组)的全混合日粮。试验期为70 d,其中预试期为14 d,正试期为56 d。结果显示:1)正试期第14天和第35天,试验Ⅰ组羔羊平均日增重(ADG)极显著高于试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.01);正试期第35天和第56天,试验Ⅱ组羔羊体重(BW)显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。2)正试期第14天,试验Ⅱ组羔羊体斜长以及试验Ⅰ组羔羊胸围和管围均显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05);正试期第35天,试验Ⅰ组羔羊胸围和管围均显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组羔羊血清瘦素(LEP)浓度显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05);正试期第56天,试验Ⅰ组羔羊血清生长激素(GH)和四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)浓度显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组羔羊血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)浓度显著高于试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。3)试验Ⅱ组羔羊宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、后腿重和背膘厚均极显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组羔羊肋肉厚、心脏和肝脏重量均显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,育肥湖羊饲喂精粗比为60∶40的全混合日粮可获得最佳的生长性能和屠宰性能。  相似文献   

5.
试验旨在研究不同精粗比全混合日粮对努比亚山羊生长性能、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵参数的影响。选取2月龄平均体重为（16.08±0.35） kg努比亚山羊48只，随机分为3组，每组16重复，每个重复1只羊。A组、B组、C组山羊分别饲喂精粗比为6∶4、5∶5、4∶6的全混合日粮。试验期60 d。结果表明，A组山羊的末重和平均日增重显著高于C组（P<0.05），料重比低于B组和C组（P>0.05）。A组山羊血清尿素氮（BUN）含量显著低于C组（P<0.05），葡萄糖（GLU）含量显著高于C组（P<0.05）。A组山羊瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丁酸、异戊酸及氨态氮含量显著高于B组和C组（P<0.05），瘤胃pH值显著低于B组和C组（P<0.05）。研究表明，日粮精粗比为6∶4时，可以增加努比亚山羊瘤胃内挥发性脂肪酸含量，提高生长性能。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨不同精粗比日粮对海南黑山羊生长性能,血液指标及经济效益的影响,选取身体健康体重约10kg生长期海南黑山羊30只,随机分为6组,分为对照组CK(精料、粗料分开饲喂,精粗比50∶50)、全混合日粮组(40∶60,45∶55,50∶50,55∶45,60∶40),每组5只羊,试验期30d。结果显示,饲喂全混合日粮可以显著提高平均日增重、总增重,降低料重比(P0.05),对采食量影响不显著(P0.05),精粗比40∶60处理组,平均日增重、总增重最高,料重比最低。不同处理试验羊血液白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量差异均不显著(P0.05),血液总蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素、葡萄糖含量有不同的影响(P0.05)。饲喂全混合日粮提高了纯收入、投入产出比,精粗比40∶60处理组经济效益最好。综合考虑生长性能、血液指标和经济效益,海南黑山羊饲喂全混合日粮优于精料、粗饲料分开饲喂,精粗比为40∶60的全混合日粮时,生长性能、经济效益最好。  相似文献   

7.
不同日粮对奶牛瘤胃发酵模式及泌乳性能的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
选用4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的泌乳奶牛(体重为483 kg±21 kg,泌乳日龄为175 d±6 d),研究4种日粮,分别为30∶70CW(粗料由羊草组成)、30∶70CCA(粗料为玉米青贮+苜蓿+羊草混合型)、50∶50CCA、65∶35CCA日粮对泌乳奶牛瘤胃内pH、NH3 N浓度、VFA的动态变化及奶牛生产性能的影响。试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,每期23 d。结果表明,精粗比为65∶35CCA日粮条件下奶牛瘤胃内pH显著低于其它组(P<0 01), 65∶35CCA及50∶50CCA日粮组瘤胃内NH3 N浓度显著高于精粗比30∶70 日粮组(P<0 01),瘤胃内乙酸浓度随精料比例的提高而降低(P= 0 10),丙酸浓度、丁酸浓度及乙酸/丙酸比例差异均为极显著(P<0 01);在不同精粗比日粮条件下,乳脂率差异显著(P<0 01),以30∶70CCA组为最高;产奶量、乳蛋白率及非乳脂固形物含量均呈极显著差异(P<0 01),均以高精料组65∶35CCA组为最高。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究不同精粗比全混合颗粒日粮和全混合日粮(TMR)对湖羊育肥生产性能及血液生理生化指标的影响,探索湖羊全混合颗粒饲料的配制技术和使用效果。结果表明:全混合颗粒饲料育肥体重约30kg湖羊,平均日增重192~201g/d,精粗比5∶5、4∶6、3∶7的全混合颗粒日粮组间平均日增重差异不显著(P﹥0.05),但均高于TMR组,精粗比3∶7的全混合颗粒日粮组日增重(201g/d)著显高于TMR组(158g/d)(P<0.05);湖羊生理生化指标均处于正常范围内。综上,湖羊全混合颗粒日粮适宜精粗比为3∶7。  相似文献   

9.
研究了具有南方奶牛日粮类型特征的全混合日粮饲养技术不同精粗比(T1,60∶40;T2,55∶45;T3,50∶50;T4,45∶55;T5,40∶60)对奶牛的采食行为、产奶性能和血清游离氨基酸的影响。试验结果表明,在全混合日粮饲养技术下,日粮精粗比的增加,奶牛的干物质采食量从T5组的13.57 kg/d显著降低至T1组的12.70 kg/d(P<0.05),咀嚼时间从T5组的786.50 min/d极显著降低至T1组的607.83 min/d(P<0.01);奶牛的产奶量、4%标准奶产量、乳糖、乳总固形物、总非脂固形物产量均随日粮精粗比增加而显著增加(P<0.05),以60%精料添加量的T1组为最高,分别为13.92,13.25,0.65,1.73和1.20 kg/d;但对奶牛的血清游离氨基酸含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。表明在南方奶牛典型日粮采用全混合日粮饲养技术时,日粮精粗比的增加可提高奶牛的产奶性能,降低奶牛的干物质采食量、咀嚼时间,对奶牛的血清游离氨基酸含量没有显著影响。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究不同精粗比日粮对广河羊羔肉品质的影响,在广河县羔羊肉生产区,选择不同精粗比饲喂的6月龄健康陶寒杂交(陶赛特羊♂×小尾寒羊♀)断奶去势公羔各3只进行屠宰,取股二头肌、背最长肌、肱二头肌3个部位肌肉和肾周脂肪、皮下脂肪、尾部脂肪3个部位脂肪,用气象色谱法分析其脂肪酸的种类及含量。结果表明,在所有组织中均检测出38种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸17种,不饱和脂肪酸21种。脂肪组织中饲喂低精粗比日粮的亚油酸(C18∶2n6c)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3n3)、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)及其与饱和脂肪酸比值(P/S)、n3系多不饱和脂肪酸和n6系多不饱和脂肪酸均显著高于饲喂高精粗比日粮(P<0.05);饲喂低精粗比日粮的所有组织中花生四烯酸(C20∶4)的含量显著高于饲喂高精粗比日粮(P<0.05);与饲喂高精粗比日粮的羊羔肉相比,饲喂低精粗比日粮既节省了生产成本又明显改善和提高了羊羔肉中脂肪酸的营养价值。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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