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谷氨酸作为肠上皮主要的能源物质,为肠黏膜生理功能的正常实现(包括营养物质的吸收转运和信号传导的进行以及黏膜上皮细胞的自身更新和高度有序结构的维持)供给能量。同时,其作为一种重要的信号分子和功能性氨基酸,可激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1(mTORC1)信号通路,参与蛋白质合成,促进细胞增殖,增强肠道抗氧化能力,进而保护肠上皮结构和功能的完整性,促进肠道发育。本文就谷氨酸的吸收转运和代谢系统及其对mTORC1信号通路和动物肠道黏膜屏障功能的影响作一综述,旨在为谷氨酸功能的挖掘及调控动物肠道发育的生产应用提供参考。 相似文献
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秦颖超周加义朱敏王修启 《动物营养学报》2019,(2):544-552
谷氨酸作为肠上皮主要的能源物质,为肠黏膜生理功能的正常实现(包括营养物质的吸收转运和信号传导的进行以及黏膜上皮细胞的自身更新和高度有序结构的维持)供给能量。同时,其作为一种重要的信号分子和功能性氨基酸,可激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1(mTORC1)信号通路,参与蛋白质合成,促进细胞增殖,增强肠道抗氧化能力,进而保护肠上皮结构和功能的完整性,促进肠道发育。本文就谷氨酸的吸收转运和代谢系统及其对mTORC1信号通路和动物肠道黏膜屏障功能的影响作一综述,旨在为谷氨酸功能的挖掘及调控动物肠道发育的生产应用提供参考。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2016,(1)
哺乳动物体内自由基产生增多或机体清除自由基能力下降会造成自由基在体内大量蓄积。过量的自由基破坏肠道组织中DNA、脂质、蛋白质等生物大分子,造成肠道氧化应激损伤,影响营养物质的吸收、利用和动物的生长发育。因此,通过营养调控措施减少氧化应激引起的肠道损伤,对于维持动物肠道及整体健康具有重要的意义。乳酸菌作为机体先天性免疫系统的重要组成部分,能维护肠黏膜屏障功能及肠道内微生态平衡,并增强机体免疫力,促进动物的生长,保持肠道及整体健康。本文从小肠黏膜屏障功能的角度,综述了乳酸菌对肠道氧化应激的缓解作用及其通过抗氧化功能发挥益生作用的可能机制,为乳酸菌抗氧化作用的深入认识和科学应用提供参考。 相似文献
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《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2017,(9)
正肠黏膜作为肠腔恶劣的环境和机体组织精细调节的体内平衡之间的过滤器,它不仅可以调节着营养素和分子的通过,而且还可避免细菌、毒素和日粮抗原向黏膜下的组织或机体循环系统的渗透。有效的肠道屏障包含许多组成要素,例如黏液层及其相关的微生物组、免疫效应子和细胞间紧密连接的完整性。研究表明,肠屏障功能紊乱能够影响动物的生产性能和健康(图1)。1紧密连接对肠道健康的作用肠黏膜由柱状上皮细胞(也称为上皮)以及 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B1含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. 相似文献
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Marioni-Henry K Vite CH Newton AL Van Winkle TJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(6):851-858
A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified. 相似文献
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应用光镜和透射电镜技术，观察了3～6月龄比格犬甲状腺的显微和超微结构。结果表明，比格犬甲状腺实质由滤泡和滤泡旁细胞构成。滤泡呈圆形或椭圆形，直径20．22～220．00μm，平均90.80μm；由单层立方上皮细胞围成，细胞高度3．04～7.11μm，平均5.18μm，电镜下可见功能状态不同的两型滤泡上皮细胞；滤泡旁细胞很多，直径4．40～8．82μm，平均6．23μm，位于滤泡之间或镶嵌于滤泡上皮细胞之间，也可聚集在一起形成滤泡样结构，胞质内含有大量的分泌颗粒，电镜下也可见两种类型的滤泡旁细胞。 相似文献
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根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立了高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留测量的不确定度评定方法,评定过程包括建立测量程序、分析不确定度来源、对不确定度分量进行量化。将不确定度归类为两大类。随机效应导致的不确定度可以通过一系列具有统计意义的重复观测值进行A类评定;系统效应导致的不确定度通过各测量器具、设备的说明书、校准证书提供的参数进行B类评定。本方法鸡肉中土霉素残留量的相对合成标准不确定度约为3.9%。 相似文献