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中国荷斯坦牛牛乳生化组成及乳蛋白遗传多态性 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了中国荷斯坦牛脱脂乳，乳清及酪蛋白组分，并对乳中酪蛋白，乳清蛋白和上皮黏蛋白MUC1的遗传多态性进行了研究。结果显示，脱脂乳和乳清中，分别以CN和β-Lg含量占优势；在CN中以α－CN和β－CN含量为主，而κ－CN含量相对较低，中国荷斯坦牛乳中β－Lg,κ-CN和MUC1均表现出遗传多态性，α－La,αs1-CN,β-CN呈单态，中国荷斯坦牛平均基因一致度（J），基因多样度（H）和有效等位基因数（Ne)分别为0＝6305，0．3695和1．5860。 相似文献
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一、乳蛋白类型的特征牛乳中主要包括两组蛋白:酪蛋白和乳清蛋白。酪蛋白包括α_((?)1)—酪蛋白、α_((?)2)—酪蛋白、β—酪蛋白和k—酪蛋白。乳清蛋白主要由α—乳蛋白、β—乳球蛋白、血液血清蛋白和少量的免疫球蛋白组成。荷斯坦母牛的乳成分见表1。每种类型酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的性质见表2。表3对四个近期关于荷斯坦奶 相似文献
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利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对海丰奶牛场935头澳系荷斯坦牛β-乳球蛋白多态性进行分型,并利用最小二乘法分析其多态性对泌乳性能的影响。结果表明:β-Lg有A、B两种等位基因,基因频率分别为0.477和0.523,优势基因型为AB型,频率为0.516。方差分析表明:β-Lg对乳脂率、总固体含量和305d脂肪产量有影响显著(P0.05),对日产奶量、脂蛋白比、乳糖含量、305d产奶量和305d蛋白产量有极显著影响(P0.01)。该结果为利用乳蛋白基因多态性提高荷斯坦牛泌乳性能提供了参考资料。 相似文献
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瑞士乳杆菌发酵对牛乳中乳清蛋白抗原性影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以瑞士乳杆菌为发酵菌种,研究了脱脂乳发酵过程中乳清蛋白(β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)和α-乳白蛋白(α-LA))抗原性的变化规律及变化机制。结果表明,瑞士乳杆菌发酵能够显著降低脱脂乳中β-LG和α-LA的抗原性。发酵3~12h期间,β-LG和α-LA的抗原性迅速下降,继续发酵至48h,蛋白抗原性又出现缓慢升高。瑞士乳杆菌对乳清蛋白的水解作用导致其抗原性一定程度地降低;受发酵过程中生成的乳酸影响,β-LG和α-LA的抗原性随pH的降低呈现先逐渐下降后缓慢升高的变化规律。因此,瑞士乳杆菌的蛋白水解酶和发酵过程中生成的乳酸共同影响了发酵乳中β-LG和α-LA抗原性的变化。 相似文献
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《中国奶牛》2019,(2)
本研究利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对江苏某大型奶牛场智利进口荷斯坦牛β-Lg(β-乳球蛋白)和β-CN(β-酪蛋白)基因多态性进行分型,同时收集采样牛只2016～2018年DHI检测结果,利用最小二乘模型分析其多态性及其对泌乳性能的影响。结果表明,在检测群体中β-Lg有A、B两种等位基因,基因频率分别为0.527和0.473,有AA、AB、BB三种基因型,优势基因型为AB型,频率为0.569;β-CN有A、B两种等位基因,其基因频率分别为0.960和0.040,有AA和AB两种基因型,优势基因型为AA型,频率为0.920。方差分析表明,β-Lg对日产奶量、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分(SCS)和尿素氮含量均有极显著影响(P0.01);β-CN对乳蛋白率和脂蛋白比有显著影响(P0.05),对日产奶量影响极显著(P0.01)。该结果为利用乳蛋白基因多态性提高智利进口荷斯坦牛泌乳性能提供了参考资料。 相似文献
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邱山桐王萌高娜余震徐庚全余四九王立斌潘阳阳 《动物营养学报》2023,(1):335-349
本试验利用蛋白质组学方法分析荷斯坦奶牛乳与牦牛乳乳清与乳脂肪球膜中的差异蛋白,比较功能差异,为开发不同品种牛乳提供帮助。通过离心法分离荷斯坦奶牛乳与牦牛乳的乳清与乳脂,分别提取蛋白,通过串联质谱标签（TMT）法进行蛋白质定性与定量分析,得到差异蛋白;对差异蛋白进行GO功能注释、KEGG代谢通路、蛋白质互作（PPI）等生物信息学分析。结果显示：牦牛乳的乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、总固形物和非乳脂固形物含量均显著高于荷斯坦奶牛乳（P<0.05）。在2种牛乳乳清中共鉴定到可信蛋白641种,在乳脂肪球膜中共鉴定到可信蛋白543种;在乳清中筛选出差异蛋白268种,其中牦牛乳比荷斯坦奶牛乳上调70种,下调198种;在乳脂肪球膜中筛选出差异蛋白267种,其中牦牛乳比荷斯坦奶牛乳上调68种,下调199种。GO功能注释及富集分析表明2种牛乳的乳清和乳脂肪球膜差异蛋白均主要富集在细胞外空间、小分子结合和免疫反应等方面。KEGG注释及富集分析表明2种牛乳的乳清和乳脂肪球膜差异蛋白主要富集在金黄色葡萄球菌感染、补体与凝血级联等通路。差异蛋白互作网络分析发现2种牛乳的乳清差异蛋白中甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPD... 相似文献
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奶牛被称为“人类的保姆”,牛奶是能为人类提供最优质、最完善的营养物质之一。而乳中蛋白质直接决定着乳制品的品质和风味。研究发现乳中蛋白质主要有两类：酪蛋白和乳清蛋白,两者占乳中蛋白质总量的95％,酪蛋白包括αS1,酪蛋白（αS1-CN）、αS2-酪蛋白（αS2-CN）、β-酪蛋白（β-CN）、 κ-酪蛋白（κ-CN）;乳清蛋白包括α-乳清蛋白（α-La）、 相似文献
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《中国草食动物科学》2017,(1)
为研究中国荷斯坦牛TLR6基因的多态性,确定其等位基因数以及核苷酸变异位点,探讨其遗传特性,采用PCR-SSCP技术对303头荷斯坦牛的TLR6基因进行了遗传多态性检测。结果表明:TLR6基因在扩增区域的209 bp处发生G→A的错义突变,导致TLR6蛋白中第70位天冬氨酸(Asp)变为天冬酰胺(Asn),并产生AA、BB、AB三种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.214 5、0.122 1和0.663 4,经χ~2适合性检验,荷斯坦牛在该位点偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。说明中国荷斯坦牛TLR6基因多态性丰富,该位点可以作为荷斯坦牛抗病育种的分子标记位点。 相似文献
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非遗传因素对荷斯坦牛305天产奶量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨非遗传因素对荷斯坦牛305 d产奶量的影响,笔者收集了新疆呼图壁种牛场牧一场1996-2005年度荷斯坦奶牛生产性能记录资料,通过采用SAS 8.1软件的最小二乘方差分析,分析了年度、季节、产犊间隔和胎次对荷斯坦牛305 d产奶量的影响。结果表明,年度、产犊间隔和胎次对产奶量的影响差异极显著（P<0.01）;季节对产奶量的影响差异不显著（P>0.05）。本研究结果为进一步对遗传参数估计提供效应值划分的依据。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献