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利用蜂类为温室果蔬授粉是一项高效益、无污染的现代化农业增产措施。熊蜂是最好的授粉昆虫之一，农业发达国家已把熊蜂授粉作为一项常规技术应用到农业生产当中。熊蜂与蜜蜂、壁蜂等传粉昆虫相比具有如下特点：一是授粉作物广泛，有蜜腺无蜜腺植物均适合，而蜜蜂仅访有粉有蜜植物；二是熊蜂适应的温湿度范围大，在12～34℃范围内活动正常；三是有较长的吻，对一些深冠花朵植物，如番茄、辣椒和茄子等作物授粉更加有效；四是采集力强，熊蜂个体大，寿命长，浑身绒毛，一次可携带花粉数百万粒，对蜜粉源利用率比其他蜂种更加有效，授粉效率高于蜜蜂80倍；五是耐低温和低光照，在蜜蜂不出巢的阴冷天气，熊蜂可以照常出巢采集、授粉；六是耐湿性强，趋光性差，不像蜜蜂那样飞撞玻璃和棚室，低温高湿也可在植物花朵上采集；七是信息交流系统不发达，熊蜂没有灵敏的信息交流系统，能专心为某一种作物授粉，特别适合温室作物。利用熊蜂授粉的优点主要表现在以下几个方面：(1)增加产量:利用熊蜂授粉可以掌握作物花期最佳授粉时间，花粉活力较强，柱头受粉均匀，使每朵花得到多次重复授粉机会，大幅度增加了果蔬的产量。(2)提高品质:蜂授粉花朵坐果率高，果型圆正，着色好，子粒饱满，蜂授粉果蔬可... 相似文献
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2017年3月14日至4月5日,甘肃省蜂业技术推广总站(甘肃省养蜂研究所)在甘肃河西地区的武威市凉州区开展了当地温室不同果蔬作物熊蜂授粉行为和生长开花特性的观察研究。甜瓜在温室果蔬作物的种植中属于新兴品种,由于其味道甜美、清香袭人、营养丰富而深受消费者的青睐,近年来种植面积与范围逐年扩大。甜瓜属于典型的雌雄异花植物,温室种植时需要人工或是引入熊蜂(蜜蜂)进行授粉才能结实,全国各地引进熊蜂为甜瓜进行授粉的宣传报道较多,部分学者也对熊蜂为温室甜瓜授粉效果进行了研究,但未见温室甜瓜熊蜂授粉行为方面的报道,文章对此进行了介绍,以供参考。 相似文献
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近年来,随着反季节蔬菜及各种类型的温室迅速发展,对授粉昆虫的需求也随之增长.目前,虽然蜜蜂授粉应用最广泛、最有效,但熊蜂与蜜蜂相比,更适合为温室蔬菜授粉.熊蜂的喙比蜜蜂长,使得它们具有为特殊花萼和深花管的植物授粉的能力. 相似文献
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莫允功!浙江省鄞县岐阳周家浦 《蜜蜂杂志》2000,(8)
国外成功地利用熊蜂为温室和塑料大棚农作物授粉。我国的研究单位奋起直追 ,对熊蜂繁育技术研究也获得了成功。我国野生熊蜂资源丰富 ,多年前 ,吴燕如和王淑芬在《云南蜜蜂志》一书中曾对分布于云南的２７种野生熊蜂作了详细的形态特征描述和地理分布的调查分析。我国近年塑料大棚大量涌现 ,由于棚内作物授粉一般蜜蜂不够理想 ,因此民间对熊蜂授粉方面也不乏有人进行探索 ,说明了坚持用蜜蜂代替进口熊蜂为温室与塑料大棚授粉已成为一个陈旧观念 ,而我国自己驯养和繁育授粉熊蜂来代替进口熊蜂才是当务之急。我认为熊蜂的繁育不会像驯养排蜂那… 相似文献
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在北京市农林科学院农业科技信息研究所,有一位专门研究蜜蜂授粉技术的专家——王凤鹤副研究员.1979年毕业于北京大学生物系昆虫专业.现兼任中国养蜂学会第五届理事,蜜源与蜜蜂授粉专业委员会副主任.他的工作重点是:蜜蜂、壁蜂、熊蜂、切叶蜂、中华蜜蜂和多种传粉昆虫技术研究和应用推广,同时开发蜂产品和蜂授粉产品.他提出了:"根据不同的作物和应用环境与季节,使用不同的蜂种"的授粉技术,切切实实地解决农民的难题,带动农民增收. 相似文献
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《中国蜂业》2015,(8):40-43
黄瓜是我国北方冬季温室栽培的主要瓜类之一,然而目前其瓜果品质较差、产量和优果率较低,且其生产过程不能满足绿色无公害蔬菜的发展要求。关键原因在于温室内授粉昆虫不足,人们大量使用植物生长激素。尽管人工辅助授粉可以提高产量,但目前人工授粉成本不断增加;而利用昆虫为黄瓜授粉对大幅提高产量,尤其在提高瓜果品质方面有着不可替代的作用。蜜蜂和熊蜂是黄瓜理想的授粉昆虫,所以大力推广蜜蜂、熊蜂授粉技术,将人工辅助授粉和蜂类授粉相结合是提高黄瓜产量、改善黄瓜品质的重要途径。本文综述了黄瓜花部特征、传粉方式、利用蜂类为黄瓜传粉的优势及蜂类在温室黄瓜花朵上的采集习性,并为今后提高黄瓜的产量和质量提出了几点建议。 相似文献
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三种授粉方式对温室凯特杏的影响研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
为了比较不同授粉方式对温室凯特杏授粉的效果,在温室内进行了熊蜂(Bombusterrestris)、蜜蜂(Apismellifera)和人工蘸花这3种授粉方式的试验,其结果表明:熊蜂组的杏果实发育期最短,比蜜蜂组缩短了4天,比人工组缩短了5天;在株产量上,熊蜂组产量最高,比蜜蜂组提高了11.96%,比人工组提高了25.77%;在维生素C、可溶性糖和总酸等营养指标上,3组之间差异不大,但熊蜂组的风味更佳。可见,采用熊蜂为温室杏授粉的效果优于蜜蜂和人工。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献