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肌内脂肪是影响动物肉质的重要因素之一，由肌内脂肪形成的大理石花纹是消费者评价动物肉质的最直观指标之一。肌内脂肪含量直接影响肉的口感、嫩度和风味，是动物肉质性状的重要组成部分，也是评定动物肉质的关键指标，受品种、性别、年龄、日粮组成和营养成分的影响，通过引进国外品种与本地品种杂交改良并研究肌内脂肪沉积分子机制可以改善肌内脂肪含量。因此，动物肌内脂肪沉积及特异性调控因子的作用机制受到研究者们的广泛关注。文章对国内外运用转录组学探寻畜禽肌内脂肪沉积相关基因进行了综述，以期为深入研究畜禽产肉与肉质性状形成机制提供理论参考。 相似文献
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优质鸡的肉质研究和肉质评价 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
对国内外主要是我国近年来对优质鸡肉质研究的成果作了综述，提出对优质鸡肉质的评价应在一般性的肉质分析项目基础上．特别对风味物质含量、肌纤维直径、肌间脂肪和肌内脂肪以及嫩度等少数项目给予重视，最后对这几个项目优质鸡应达到的标准作了初步讨论。 相似文献
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FABP家族与肌内脂肪相关的基因遗传变异的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着人们生活水平的提高,人们不再单纯要求瘦肉含量而越来越看重肉的品质.肌内脂肪(Intramuscular fat,IMF)的含量影响着肉质的嫩度、风味和多汁性.Patrici等[1,2]对丹麦商品猪的肉质研究发现,肉的风味多汁性随肌内脂肪含量的增加而持续改善,提高肌内脂肪的含量会有肉质嫩度和多汁性的改进,所以提高猪肉肌内脂肪的含量具有广泛的研究前景.但是由于IMF含量在活体中的测定有一定的难度,所以利用DNA标记辅助选择(MAS)即利用生物技术手段去寻找控制IMF的基因并对其进行选育来提高IMF含量,改善肉质. 相似文献
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随着人们生活水平的提高，人们不再单纯要求瘦肉含量而越来越看重肉的品质。肌内脂肪（Intramuscular fat。IMF）的含量影响着肉质的嫩度、风味和多汁性。Patrici等（1985）等对丹麦商品猪的肉质研究发现．肉的风味多汁性随肌内脂肪含量的增加而持续改善．提高肌内脂肪的含量会增加肉质的嫩度和多汁性。由于IMF含量在活体中的测定有一定难度。所以利用DNA标记辅助选择（MAS），即利用生物技术手段去寻找控制IMF的基因．并对其进行选育来提高IMF含量。改善肉质。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献