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种间杂交是研究旋毛虫分类的重要方法。旋毛虫各隔离种之间的最大差异是由杂交试验所证实的 ,生殖隔离是命名虫种的最重要的依据 [1]。为了搞清我国旋毛虫的分类问题 ,国内学者对此做了一些工作 ,但结果不尽一致 [2 ,3 ]。本文用单对和多对杂交试验对旋毛虫各隔离种进行了比较研究 ,现将结果报告如下 ,以期为虫种分类提供理论依据。1 材料与方法1 .1 材料1 .1 .1 旋毛虫各隔离种 猪旋毛虫 (T.swine,T.sw) :来自黑龙江省海伦县猪体内 ;在小鼠中传代 50次。犬旋毛虫 (T.dog,T.d) :来自黑龙江省五常县犬体内 ;在小鼠中传代 50次。T.spira… 相似文献
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各隔离株旋毛虫感染性的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以旋毛虫国际标准种 :旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spiralis)和本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa )为对照 ,对黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫对大、小鼠和猪的感染性进行了比较研究。结果表明 :4个旋毛虫隔离株均对大鼠不易感 ,但相对犬旋毛虫和 T.nativa而言 ,猪旋毛虫和 T.spiralis对大鼠的感染性较高 (P <0 .0 1)。猪旋毛虫、 T.spiralis、犬旋毛虫、T.nativa在大鼠体内的繁殖力指数 (RCI)分别为 (35 .0 2± 8.37)、(32 .10± 7.77)和 (2 .90±1.71)、(2 .6 6± 2 .19)。 4个旋毛虫隔离株对小鼠和猪的感染性存在着明显差异 ,猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis对小鼠和猪的感染性较强 ,其在小鼠体内 RCI分别为 (137.4 1± 7.80 )和 (15 9.86±7.4 7) ,在猪体内的 RCI分别是 (385 .6 8±4 1.5 1)和 (30 0 .5 5± 12 .4 5 ) ;而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa对小鼠和猪的易感性差 ,其在小鼠体内 RCI分别是 (6 4.98± 5 .0 5 )和 (5 8.15±4 .6 9) ,在猪体内的 RCI分别为 (0 .0 6 4± 0 .0 31)和 (0 .0 33± 0 .0 33)。研究结果揭示 ,黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫 (Trichinellaspiralis) ,犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa ) 相似文献
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旋毛虫各隔离种对猪的感染性和低温耐受性的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用消化法所得的猪旋毛虫、犬旋毛虫、旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis）和本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nati-va）分别感染猪和小鼠,以观察其感染性,同时在-22℃和-32℃条件下对其进行冷冻试验。结果表明:4个旋毛虫隔离种对猪的感染性存在着明显差异,猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis对猪易感,其繁殖力指数（RCI）分别为385.68±41.51和300.55±12.45;而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa对猪不易感,RCI分别是0.064±0.031和0.033±0.033。猪旋毛虫和旋毛形线虫不耐低温,在猪体内-32℃、24 h,-22℃、72 h;在小鼠体内-32℃、12 h即全部死亡。而犬旋毛虫和本地毛形线虫对低温抵抗力较强,在猪体内-32℃、72h,-22℃、192 h;在小鼠体内-32℃、48 h才失去感染性。结果揭示:黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫,犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫;犬旋毛虫和T.nativa很难通过猪的感染而对人体健康构成威胁。 相似文献
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旋毛虫各隔离种对小鼠的感染性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较研究了黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫及国际标准虫种旋毛形线虫(Trichinella
spiralis)和本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa)对小鼠的感染性异同。结果表明，四者对小鼠的感染力存在着显著差异，猪旋毛虫和旋毛形线虫在小鼠体内的繁殖力指数(RCI)分别为121.01±7.80和149.86±7.47；而犬旋毛虫和本地毛形线虫的RCI分别为60.98±5.05和55.15±4.69。由实验结果可认为黑龙江省的猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫，而犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫。 相似文献
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本文以旋毛虫国际标准种:旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spiralis)和本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa)为对照,从生物学方面对黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫病进行了分类研究,研究结果表明,4个旋毛虫隔离种对兔的感染性存在着明显差异,猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis对兔的感染性较强,其在兔体内的繁殖力指数(RCI)分别为62.29和143.05;而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa对兔易感性差,其在兔体内的RCI分别是10.65和12.19。 相似文献
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通过提取猪、犬旋毛虫成虫抗原，制备成虫油佐剂免疫原，在小鼠体内进行同源特异性免疫试验和交叉免疫试验。试验得到猪旋毛虫成虫抗原同源免疫减虫率为５５．８０％，其对犬旋毛虫的交叉免疫减虫率是３５．１１％；犬旋毛虫成虫抗原同源免疫的减虫率为３９．００％，其对猪旋毛虫的交叉免疫减虫率是２４．９６％。试验结果揭示，猪、犬旋毛虫成虫具有一定的免疫原性，其交叉免疫减虫率低于同源特异性免疫。猪旋毛虫成虫抗原对犬旋毛虫的交叉免疫与犬旋毛虫自身的同源特异性免疫差异不显著。 相似文献
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旋毛虫各隔离株某些生物学特性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以旋毛虫国际标准种:旋毛形线虫(Trichinellaspiralis)和本地毛形线虫(Trichinellanativa)为对照,从生物学方面对黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫进行了比较研究,结果表明:猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis在小鼠膈肌中出现保姆细胞(Nursecell,NC)的时间为感染后第16和18天,第38和36天所有肌型幼虫都形成了NC,而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa为感染后20和22天,第32天完全形成;猪旋毛虫、T.spiralis、犬旋毛虫、T.nativa成虫肠期持续时间分别为22,20,16,14天;4个旋毛虫隔离株成虫均主要位于小肠的前、中段,但犬旋毛虫、T.nativa所占比例明显高于猪旋毛虫、T.spiralis,差异极显著(P<0.01)。研究结果揭示,黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫(Trichinellaspiralis),犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫(Trichinellanativa)。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献