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1.
对牛、羊肉中氯氰碘柳胺(Closantel)残留的检测方法进行了研究.取2 g动物组织样品用乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂,于50℃减压蒸干.残留物用2 mL甲醇-正己烷(8∶ 2)溶解,通过氧化铝B柱,用2 mL正己烷淋洗,不收集;该柱用10 mL甲醇洗脱,收集洗脱液于50℃减压蒸干后,残留物用1.0 mL的流动相溶解并用带有紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪于221 nm波长处测定;流动相为乙腈∶水(85∶ 15),含有0.05%二乙胺并用磷酸调整pH值至3.氯氰碘柳胺浓度在200～8 000 ng/mL时,呈线性关系,检测限量为25 μg/kg.本方法平均回收率为87.8%±7.5%(牛肉)、83.2%±10.0%(羊肉).  相似文献   

2.
用三氯乙酸沉淀猪血浆和肌肉中的蛋白质并提取氨苄青霉素，提取液加甲醛溶液水浴衍生30min，用带有荧光检测器的HPLC在激发波长（Ex）346nm、发射波长（Em）422nm条件下测定衍生物。本方法最低检测限为0．005μg／mL，最低定量限为0．01μg／mL，组织的回收率为74．40％，血浆的回收率为95．23％。血浆日内变异系数为0．10％±0．06％，日间变异系数为0．14％±0．04％；肌肉日内变异系数为0．4％±0．03％，日间变异系数为0．11％±0．03％。  相似文献   

3.
以蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum）种子为材料，用不同浓度的NaCl和Na2CO3／NaHCO3混合液，在（20±1）℃条件下，分别用浓度梯度为0．4％、1．6％、2．8％的溶液浸种24h，测定蒲公英幼苗在第3d．7d、11d中各项生理生化指标。实验结果证明，NaCl和混合盐溶液浸种能使蒲公英幼苗的相对电导率明显提高，过氧化物酶活性明显提高，使可溶性蛋白含量下降，且混合盐的胁迫强度大于单盐。  相似文献   

4.
建立了血液中蓖麻碱残留量的高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测法。用三氯甲烷提取蓖麻碱，除去蛋白质和脂肪后，用HPLC法对其进行测定。采用Hypersil ODSC C18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm，25μm），水-乙腈（9：1，V/V）为流动相，流速0．8mL／min，检测波长为220nm。结果显示，在0．26—5．2μg范围内，蓖麻碱峰面积与质量的线性关系良好，回归方程为y=1．57×10^4 x-4．93×10^5，r=0．999，RSD=3．82％。牛血中蓖麻碱平均回收率为72．1％，RSD为2．54％（n=5）。饲喂蓖麻粕的牛血液中蓖麻碱的含量为0．512μg／mL。  相似文献   

5.
液相色谱-质谱法分析禽蛋中的苏丹红   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
建立了禽蛋中苏丹红的液相色谱-质谱联用（LC—MS）检测方法。液相色谱柱为Waters SunfireTM C18150mm×2．1mm，3．5μm，柱温30℃，流动相A为乙腈，B为0．2％甲酸和乙腈的混合溶液，梯度洗脱，流速0．25mL／min；质谱选择电喷雾离子源（ESI^＋）。此条件下苏丹红Ⅰ和苏丹红Ⅱ的线性范围是0．1—500μg／L，检测限0．1μg／kg；苏丹红Ⅲ和苏丹红Ⅳ的线性范围是0．5—500μg／L，检测限0．5μg／kg。四种苏丹红的回收率为60％-80％。  相似文献   

6.
试验研究了复制3种生长促进剂组合使用对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验选择128头28±1日龄、平均断奶体重（7．78±0．74）kq的健康三元（杜×长×大）杂交仔猪，按体重和性别分成4个处理组，每个处理4个重复，每个重复8头仔猪。第1组为对照组，饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮；第2组添加喹乙醇（50mg／kg）、阿散酸（150mg／kg）；第3组添加喹乙醇（50mg／kg）、吉他霉素（60mg／kg）；第4组添加喹乙醇（50mg／kg）、阿散酸（150mg／kg）、吉他霉素（60mg／kg）。研究结果表明，各试验组日增重、料肉比得到显著改善（p〈0．05），腹泻率显著下降（p〈0．01）。  相似文献   

7.
野生翘嘴红鲌各器官、组织中4种微量元素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
野生翘嘴红鲌各器官组织中，铁、锌在铁、锌、铜、锰4种元素中所占的比重比较大，这2种元素占4种元素总量的80％左右；铁在4种元素中占的比重最大，接近或超过70％。铜在肝脏中含量[（151．9±3．19）mg/kg]远远高于其它器官组织；铁则在脾脏中含量[（1393．7±66．2）mg/kg]较高；锰在鳃盖骨中含量[（26．64±1．84）mg／kg]较高；锌在肝脏中含量[（302．69＋8．95）mg／kg]较高。  相似文献   

8.
建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱法测定饲料中孔雀石绿和隐性孔雀石绿的含量。用乙腈提取,提取液经蒸干浓缩后用中性氧化铝和阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化,使用UPLC-MS／M进行检测。色谱条件：ACQUITY UPLC^TM BEHC18柱（2．1mm×100mm i．d．,1．7μm）,流动相乙腈0．1％甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱流速0．3mL／min。采用电喷雾串联四极杆质谱检测。结果表明,孔雀石绿和隐性孔雀石绿的浓度为1～500ng／mL时线形良好,在1～100μg／kg的添加水平条件下平均回收率为68．5％～91．6％,该方法的检测限为1．0μg／kg。  相似文献   

9.
高效液相色谱法检测泰乐菌素在肉鸡组织中的残留   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
将肉鸡的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和脂肪组织制成匀浆,用乙腈、石油醚和二氯甲烷萃取、净化后,用乙腈定容。以乙腈－ 甲醇－ ０．００５ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ磷酸二氢铵溶液（６０∶３０∶１０）为流动相,用高效液相色谱检测。本法对溶解于乙腈中的泰乐菌素的最低检测限为 ０．０５ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ,在肉鸡各种组织中的最低检测限为 ０．１０ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ。标准曲线的线性范围为 ０．１０～６．４０ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ。泰乐菌素质量浓度为 ０．１０、０．８０、６．４０ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ 时的批间变异系数分别为（２．３±０．２）％ 、（１．９±１．３）％ 、（２．６±０．９）％ 。０．２０、０．４０、０．８０ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ 的泰乐菌素在以上 ４ 种组织的回收率均符合残留检测的要求。结果表明,本法是一种灵敏、精密、可靠的检测肉鸡组织中泰乐菌素残留的分析方法。  相似文献   

10.
研究不同的溶液载体（PBS，5％薄荷醇和5％氮酮）和不同部位的皮肤对甲硝唑在犬中体外透皮吸收和皮内摄取的影响。取下北京犬颈部、胸部以及腹部皮肤，-20℃保存。使用时，皮肤解冻固定在改良Franz透皮扩散仪上，保持恒速（200±1）r／min，恒温（35±0．5）℃。在扩散池中的皮肤角质层上加入2mL溶液载体（含甲硝唑58．4μmol），以20％乙醇为溶剂溶解薄荷醇和氮酮，在预定时间点取样1mL，采用HPLC方法测定各接受液中的药物量和皮肤中摄取的药物量。结果显示，与PBS相比，薄荷醇和氮酮能增加所有部位甲硝唑的透皮吸收量和皮内摄取量（P〈0．05）。同一溶液载体在不同部位的渗透性存在差异，腹部〉颈部〉胸部，不同部位的皮内摄取量也存在差异，颈部〉胸部〉腹部。说明甲硝唑在不同溶液载体和不同部位皮肤的渗透性存在差异。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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