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研究旨在优化青蒿素纳米脂质体制备工艺,以制备粒径较小、包封率较高的青蒿素纳米脂质体。试验采用薄膜分散法、逆向蒸发法、乙醇注入法和改良乙醇注入法制备青蒿素纳米脂质体,优选改良乙醇注入法;以磷脂与胆固醇的质量比、药物与磷脂的质量比、水相体积和超声时间为考察因素,以包封率为评价指标,通过单因素试验和Box-Benhnken响应面法优化脂质体制备工艺,并对纳米脂质体进行表征。结果显示,改良乙醇注入法制备青蒿素纳米脂质体的最佳工艺为青蒿素与磷脂的质量比为1∶14.53,磷脂与胆固醇的质量比为5.42∶1,生理盐水体积9.74 mL （此时磷脂质量为250 mg）。此条件下制备的青蒿素纳米脂质体形态呈双层球形,包封率为68.57%,平均粒径为195.13 nm,PDI为0.19,Zeta电位为-12.10 mV。 相似文献
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《中兽医学杂志》2015,(5)
[目的]制备黄芪多糖MPEG-PLA嵌段共聚纳米微球,优选出最佳工艺条件,共考察微球的形态、粒径、载药量、包封率以及体外释放特性。[方法]选用聚乳酸-聚乙二醇(PLA-PEG)嵌段共聚物作为包载材料,采用复乳法制备黄芪多糖MPEG-PLA嵌段共聚纳米微球,优选最佳工艺条件。透射电子显微镜观察微球的形态、激光粒度分析仪测定其粒径及分布。采用紫外分光光度法测定微球的载药量和包封率,并研究其体外释放性质。[结果]采用复乳法制备的载药球电镜扫描结果外形圆滑,颗粒大小均匀,平均粒径873nm,包封率78%,释放率高达79.17%,释放时间较长为10天,且释放平缓,突释率较低。[结论]采用MPEG-PLA二氯甲烷溶液作为油相、黄芪多糖水溶液作为内水相,PVA水溶液作为外水相制备黄芪多糖MPEG-PLA嵌段共聚纳米微球的工艺稳定可行。 相似文献
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磷酸泰乐菌素脂质体的制备及体外释放动力学研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为延长磷酸泰乐菌素在体内的作用时间,通过比较采用硫酸铵梯度法制备其脂质体制剂。以包封率为指标,分别考察磷脂与胆固醇之比、药脂比、硫酸铵浓度、孵化温度和孵化时间对包封率的影响,并在此基础上进行正交试验筛选最优处方。同时,对所得脂质体的形态、粒径及分布、包封率及体外释放动力学进行研究。结果显示,正交试验优化得到的最佳处方工艺如下,磷脂与胆固醇质量比为4∶1,药脂比为1∶10,硫酸铵浓度为300 mmol/L,体系pH值为7.0,孵化温度为50℃,孵化时间为20 m in。电镜下观察脂质体呈球形或类球形,分布均匀,平均粒径为6.526μm,且大部分在1μm~12μm之间,包封率为58.32%,体外释药符合W eibull方程(r=0.976 4)。研究证实硫酸铵梯度法制备磷酸泰乐菌素脂质体方法可行,包封率高,稳定性好,体外释药具有一定的缓释效应。 相似文献
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硫酸阿米卡星脂质体的制备及包封率测定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研制硫酸阿米卡星脂质体，在研究了有关单一因素对硫酸阿米卡星脂质体包封率和稳定性影响的基础上，运用正交设计法，优化脂质体的制备工艺和处方为：m(磷脂)：(胆固醇)=1．5：1．0，m(硫酸阿米卡星)：m(总脂)=1：15，PBS液的pH值为7．0，V(脂)：V(水)=3：1，以乙醚为有机溶剂，运用逆相蒸发法制备了硫酸阿米卡星，其包封率和稳定性较好。 相似文献
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优选玉屏风多糖脂质体的最佳工艺并对其进行表征验证。采用逆向蒸发法制备玉屏风多糖脂质体,以膜材比、脂药比和超声时间为考察因素,包封率为评价指标,采用L9(34)正交试验设计优选制备条件,以超速离心法测定包封率,体外释药试验验证,纳米颗粒分析仪和透射电镜测定其粒径大小与形态。制备玉屏风多糖脂质体的最佳工艺为膜材比8∶1,脂药比4∶1,超声时间90s,包封率88.38%,24h累积释放率73.45%,平均粒径132.65nm。制备的玉屏风多糖脂质体具有较高的包封率与良好的缓释作用,粒径和形态较均匀,重现性好。 相似文献
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免疫用脂质体不同制备方法的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究对应用薄膜分散和反相蒸发二种不同方法制备的、包封有鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）抗原的脂质体进行了形态鉴定和包封率测定。结果表明，薄膜分散法制备的为复层脂质体，其对新城疫抗原的包封率为２０．８％；反相蒸发法制备的为大单层脂质体，其包封率为３３．８％。由于大单层脂质体的包封率高，再加上其体积和包封容积大，因此是一种比适合包封颗粒性大分子抗原物质的脂质体。 相似文献
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采用薄膜分散法制备阿莫西林脂质体,以粒径和包封率为指标评价其质量.前期以正交设计优化筛选出最佳制备工艺,以最优工艺制备阿莫西林脂质体,测定其平均粒径和包封率.实验所制得的脂质体的平均粒径为114.6 nm,包封率为64.89％.结果表明,采用薄膜分散法制备阿莫西林脂质体的方法可行,阿莫西林脂质体的制备为兽药新剂型的研究与应用提供了有价值的参考. 相似文献
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试验研究以黑曲霉An54—2—1为菌种，经过固态发酵制备木聚糖酶的浸提工艺和盐析工艺，并对提取的木聚糖酶进行部分酶学特性的研究。结果表明，采用0．2％的NaCl为浸提剂，固液比为1：200（g／mL），浸提时间为1．5h，质量分数为60％（NH4）2SO4盐析分离时，木聚糖酶相对活力最高，得率为77．08％；该木聚糖酶反应的最适pH为5，最适温度为50℃。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献