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适合改善桑叶发酵饲料主要营养物质含量的菌剂筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
筛选优良发酵菌剂对桑叶饲料进行人工发酵,增加桑叶饲料中的营养物质含量,可提高桑叶作为畜禽水产饲料的饲用价值。以分属于芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、霉菌的18个菌株分别对桑叶进行发酵处理,测定发酵桑叶饲料中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维等营养成分的含量变化,结果显示:有6个菌株发酵后的桑叶饲料中,粗蛋白质含量极显著增加(P0.001),且以康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii)、产脘假丝酵母(Candida utilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)发酵桑叶饲料的增幅较大;有16个菌株发酵后的桑叶饲料中,粗纤维含量极显著降低(P0.001),且以蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、地衣芽孢杆菌、热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)发酵桑叶饲料的降幅较大;有10个菌株发酵后的桑叶饲料中,粗脂肪含量极显著增加(P0.001),且以产脘假丝酵母、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)发酵桑叶饲料的增幅较大。生产上可选用不同的发酵菌剂对桑叶进行发酵处理,提高桑叶饲料中的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量和降低粗纤维的含量,以满足对不同畜禽水产动物饲养的需求。 相似文献
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以高粱酒糟作为研究对象,加入产朊假丝酵母菌、乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌混合微生物堆砌发酵,2周后进行基本营养成分检测。结果发现,在混合微生物发酵下,酒糟中粗纤维含量显著降低,粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量有所增加,但差异不显著,说明混合微生物发酵能提高酒糟的营养价值。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探究杏鲍菇菌糠与豆粕、麸皮复合发酵基质的适宜发酵条件,并研究其对山羊的饲喂效果。试验1,以杏鲍菇菌糠为主要原料,添加不同比例的麸皮和豆粕(4%和4%、4%和2%、2%和4%、2%和2%),发酵剂使用有效微生物群(EM)原液,将发酵混合原料含水量调节至30%左右,在常温下厌氧发酵12 d后对发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料的发酵品质及营养成分含量进行评定,并测定黄曲霉毒素B1的含量,取最优组合进行饲养试验。试验2,选用60只马头山羊(羯羊),随机分为5组,包括3个试验组和2个对照组,试验组饲粮中发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料比例分别为30%、45%、60%,对照组未发酵杏鲍菇菌糠比例分别为30%和60%,每组3个重复,每个重复4只羊。试验期为45 d,包括5 d预试期和40 d正试期。结果表明:1)豆粕和麸皮添加比例分别为4%和2%的发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料发酵品质最佳,且黄曲霉毒素B1含量较低,与未发酵杏鲍菇菌糠相比,粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别降低了8.78%、11.56%和18.88%,粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量分别提高了19.32%和8.29%,黄曲霉毒素B1含量低至3.03μg/kg。2)各组山羊的生产性能差异均不显著(P0.05);随着发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料添加比例的增加,试验羊的体增重及平均日增重有减少的趋势,料重比和饲料成本有增加的趋势;与未发酵杏鲍菇菌糠添加比例为30%时相比,发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料添加比例为30%时体增重、平均日增重及干物质采食量提高,料重比降低。结果提示,使用EM原液发酵杏鲍菇菌糠,在发酵基质中添加4%的豆粕和2%的麸皮有助于提升发酵品质;发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料在山羊饲粮中添加比例以30%为最佳。 相似文献
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此研究旨在探究复合菌剂发酵杏鲍菇菌糠的饲用品质与安全性,为杏鲍菇菌糠饲料化利用提供依据。将经过筛选纯化的枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉、乳酸片球菌及酿酒酵母优化复合后发酵杏鲍菇菌糠,测定菌糠原料、自然发酵组(对照组)及混菌发酵组(试验组)的常规养分、发酵品质、氨基酸组成及霉菌毒素与重金属含量,综合评价混菌发酵杏鲍菇菌糠的饲用品质与安全性。结果表明,试验组粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别为14.56%、1.02%,显著高于原料和对照组(P0.05);中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为50.77%、37.70%,显著低于原料与对照组(P0.05);试验组乳酸含量为22.78 g·kg~(-1),显著高于对照组(P0.05)。乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸分别为6.70、0.44、0.54和6.99 g·kg~(-1),氨态氮/总氮为1.65%,均显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验组的黄曲霉毒素B_1含量显著低于原料与对照组(P0.05),呕吐毒素与玉米赤霉烯酮含量有下降趋势,但与其他两组差异不显著(P0.05);对照组与试验组重金属砷、铅、镉、汞、铬的含量显著高于原料组(P0.05),但3个组霉菌毒素及重金属含量均符合国家饲料卫生标准(GB 13078-2017);发酵前后氨基酸种类并无变化,共检测出16种氨基酸,其中必须氨基酸7种,分别为苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸及赖氨酸,未检测出酪氨酸。试验组必需氨基酸含量及总氨基酸含量分别为26.67 mg·g~(-1)、86.13 mg·g~(-1),均显著高于原料与对照组(P0.05),除谷氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸外,其他氨基酸组分含量均显著高于原料与对照组(P0.05);混菌发酵试验组有浓郁的面包香味和酸香味,质地松软,颜色为浅褐色,优于自然发酵组。研究表明,杏鲍菇菌糠混菌发酵后营养价值明显提高且饲用安全,饲用品质得到明显改善。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究添加复合益生菌对全混合日粮（total mixed ration,TMR）发酵品质的影响。试验设3组：对照组,TMR;试验1组,TMR+0.5%复合益生菌1（乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和酵母菌复合物）;试验2组,TMR+0.5%复合益生菌2（乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和纤维分解菌复合物）。每组6个重复,每个重复2个贮存罐,调整TMR含水量为50%,密闭发酵,试验期30 d。分别在发酵第0、3、5、7、15和30天测定TMR中霉菌毒素、pH、铵态氮、有氧稳定性及养分含量。结果表明：①不同处理TMR中霉菌毒素含量随发酵时间延长而呈上升趋势,发酵第30天时,对照组黄曲霉毒素B1和赭曲霉毒素A含量超过国家标准。整个试验期内,试验1、2组TMR各时间点3种霉菌毒素含量均未超标;②各组TMR有氧稳定性随发酵时间延长而升高,在发酵第3、5、7、15、30天,试验1组有氧稳定性优于对照组和试验2组;③随着贮存时间延长,各试验组pH呈下降趋势,各处理TMR的铵态氮含量呈上升趋势。在发酵第7~30天,试验1组pH、铵态氮含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;④在发酵第30天,两试验组干物质含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;发酵第7~30天,试验1、2组TMR的CP含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;各试验组的NDF和ADF含量随发酵时间延长而呈降低趋势,发酵第7~30天时,试验组NDF和ADF含量均低于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述,添加复合益生菌发酵有利于延长TMR贮存时间,强化全混合日粮有氧稳定性并能在一定程度上降低营养损失。由乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和酵母菌组成的复合益生菌处理效果最佳。 相似文献
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饲料发酵前后营养物质变化分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
该文通过探讨添加乳酸菌、酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对全价配合饲料发酵效果的影响,为发酵全价配合饲料的科学应用提供依据。对照组,基础日粮;试验组,基础日粮添加乳酸菌、酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌,固态发酵。研究结果表明:全价料发酵72 h后,饲料pH和干物质显著降低(P0.01),还原糖含量显著增加(P0.01)。全价配合饲料经乳酸菌、酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵72 h,饲料pH比发酵前降低了41.1%,干物质降低6.2%,还原糖提高4.03倍;增加有机酸含量,改善饲料适口性,提高饲料营养价值。 相似文献
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多菌种混合发酵棉籽饼粕制备益生菌生物活性饲料 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以棉籽饼粕、麸皮、苹果渣为原料,经霉菌XH001、霉菌XH002、地衣芽孢杆菌E01、枯草芽孢杆菌E02、乳酸菌SR01、酿酒酵母和饲料酵母混合发酵生产益生菌饲料。最佳工艺条件为:发酵温度32℃,原料含水量50%,芽孢杆菌接入时间为发酵后12 h,乳酸菌接种量10%,发酵时间48 h。发酵后饲料粗蛋白含量由原来的27.58%提高到37.92%,氨基酸态氮含量达到1.88%,乳酸菌活菌数达2.3亿cfu/g(干基),芽孢杆菌达18.4亿cfu/g(干基)。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2015,(10)
试验旨在研究利用不同菌种固态发酵甘薯渣,对其增值效果的影响。采用乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌和霉菌4类10株菌对甘薯渣进行固态发酵,测定发酵产物中粗蛋白质、真蛋白质、粗纤维和氨基酸含量变化,比较筛选适宜菌种。结果表明:产朊假丝酵母和霉菌X3提高粗蛋白质和真蛋白质的效果较好,发酵后真蛋白质较发酵前分别提高118.05%和107.02%;酿酒酵母和植物乳杆菌降解粗纤维能力较好,发酵后粗纤维较发酵前分别降解51.54%和49.57%;产朊假丝酵母提高真蛋白质和降解粗纤维的综合能力最好,增值加权值为91.51%;必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量均明显提高,其中产朊假丝酵母效果最好,必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量分别提高211.32%和154.78%。因此,利用微生物发酵能够改善甘薯渣的营养价值,试验10株菌中产朊假丝酵母改善甘薯渣的营养价值最好。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献