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配方施肥对皮燕麦地上生物量和种子产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以青引1号燕麦为研究对象,研究施肥对燕麦地上生物量和种子产量的影响。结果表明,从拔节期到成熟期,燕麦地上生物量,施肥处理高于对照CK处理,完熟期OPT处理最高,达99478.5 kg/hm2。施磷能显著提高燕麦种子产量。OPT+1/2P处理所得燕麦籽粒产量最大,为6678.3 kg/hm2。在施钾量和施磷量一定时,燕麦籽粒随施氮量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,OPT-1/2N处理所得籽粒产量仅低于OPT+1/2P处理,为6588.3 kg/hm2。 相似文献
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高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量积累对施肥和箭筈豌豆混播水平的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用品种(青燕1号、青海444、青海甜燕麦、林纳)、施肥水平(不施肥、尿素+磷酸二铵、尿素+磷酸二铵+有机肥、有机肥)和混播水平(0 kg/hm~2、45 kg/hm~2、60 kg/hm~2、75 kg/hm~2)3因素4水平正交试验设计,探讨3个因素影响下燕麦人工草地生物量季节动态。结果表明:3个因素显著影响燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播人工草地各器官的生物量。品种在整个生育期影响燕麦茎和穗生物量的积累,并对燕麦生长前期地下和生长后期地上生物量的积累有影响;施肥水平在整个生育期影响叶生物量的积累,并对燕麦生长前期地上和后期地下生物量的积累有影响;混播水平在整个生育期主要影响箭筈豌豆地上生物量、茎和叶生物量的积累。燕麦和地上总生物量积累的关键时期在抽穗—开花期,箭筈豌豆地上生物量积累的关键时期在开花—乳熟期。燕麦茎在整个生育期生物量持续显著增加,而叶和穗生物量增加较平缓;箭筈豌豆茎和叶生物量在生长前期(燕麦开花期前)增长比较平缓,而开花—乳熟期增长迅速。地下生物量显著增加到开花期后基本趋于稳定。3个因素影响下,燕麦人工草地地上和地下生物量均以青海甜燕麦、尿素+磷酸二铵+有机肥施肥处理、75 kg/hm~2混播水平下最高,平均分别为697.71,662.27、630.54 g/m~2和82.27,82.08和81.25 g/m~2。 相似文献
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施氮对退化草甸植被结构和生物量及土壤肥力的影响 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7
在围栏内采用施氮肥作为调控措施,与围栏内不施肥作对照,旨在寻求治理退化草甸的最佳途径。结果表明,施氮肥能够明显改善草地植物种群结构,增加牧草种类,提高草地生物量,显著改善020 cm土层土壤肥力。随着施氮肥量增加,不同处理与对照之间草层分层高度差异显著、地上生物量差异极显著、020 cm土层土壤肥力显著提高;不同施肥处理间随着施氮肥量增加草层高度增加、地上生物量增大、土壤肥力增强,当施肥量超过225 kg/hm2时,草层高度、地上生物量和土壤肥力变化不明显。施肥量225 kg/hm2时对退化草甸草地恢复具有明显的效果。在围栏封育的基础上采用切耙松土、施肥是治理退化草甸草地有效而且可行的措施。 相似文献
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青南牧区不同处理下燕麦生产性能的分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以不同燕麦品种、施尿素量、行距和播量在青海果洛州达日县进行正交试验表明,各因素对燕麦株高的影响均极显著,燕麦生长期间各处理生长速率的峰值分别出现在分蘖盛期、拔节盛期和孕穗盛期,最快生长期出现在7月14日至23日拔节盛期。获得最高产草量的最适行距、施尿素量和播种量分别为13.2 cm、250kg/hm2和250 kg/hm2。燕麦在试验地区生殖生长期不足,单蘖穗重占单蘖重的比例较低,而单蘖茎重则成为单蘖重的主要结构成分。与单蘖重关系最显著的是单蘖茎重,其次为单蘖叶重和秆径,而单蘖穗重与之相关不显著。 相似文献
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以不同燕麦品种、施尿素量、行距和播量在青海果洛州达日县进行正交试验表明,各因素对燕麦株高的影响均极显著,燕麦生长期间各处理生长速率的峰值分别出现在分蘖盛期、拔节盛期和孕穗盛期,最快生长期出现在7月14日至23日拔节盛期.获得最高产草量的最适行距、施尿素量和播种量分别为13.2 cm、250 kg/hm和250 kg/hm.燕麦在试验地区生殖生长期不足,单蘖穗重占单蘖重的比例较低,而单蘖茎重则成为单蘖重的主要结构成分.与单蘖重关系最显著的是单蘖茎重,其次为单蘖叶重和秆径,而单蘖穗重与之相关不显著. 相似文献
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为探究不同饲用燕麦品种对施氮量的响应差异及光合生理机制,在科尔沁沙地选择燕王、牧王、甜燕1号和牧乐思4个主栽饲用燕麦品种,于燕麦的分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、开花期按照15％、40％、25％、20％ 比例,对燕麦追施0(CK),100,200,300 kg/hm2氮肥(纯N),灌浆期测定叶面积和光合参数指标,成熟期测定产量.结果表明:追施氮肥可显著增加饲用燕麦品种的产量,随着施肥量的增加,燕王与牧王产量分别呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,甜燕1号与牧乐思呈现逐渐升高的变化趋势,与N0处理相比,在N200氮素水平下燕王和牧王产量提高61.43％ 和54.23％,在N300处理下甜燕1号和牧乐思产量提高65.53％ 和76.89％;增施氮肥显著促进旗叶、倒二叶、倒三叶叶片生长(P<0.05),随着施肥量的增加,燕王与牧王叶面积呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,在N200处理下叶面积达到最大值,甜燕1号与牧乐思叶面积则呈现逐渐升高的变化趋势;施氮显著提高植物叶片蒸腾系数(P<0.05),提高光合速率、气孔导度,降低胞间二氧化碳浓度,促进燕麦光合作用;叶面积与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);不同饲用燕麦品种对氮肥的响应程度存在明显的差异,燕王和牧王对氮肥的敏感程度强于甜燕1号和牧乐思品种,燕王和牧王的适宜施氮量是200 kg/hm2,甜燕1号和牧乐思则是300 kg/hm2. 相似文献
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采用氮肥单因子试验研究了施用氮肥对高寒草甸的增产效应。结果表明:就两年累积增产效应而言,施肥量为37.5kg/hm2时,单位尿素可获得地上总生物量的最大增产量为27.84 kg,而当施肥量为225kg/hm2时,禾本科牧草可以获得单位尿素的最大增产量为17.48kg。综合考虑两年草地总生物量、优良牧草生物量的变化,认为天然高寒草甸草地施氮量为225 kg/hm2时可以获得最大禾草产量及单位尿素最大增产量,有利于退化天然草地向良性方向发展。 相似文献
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本研究以内蒙古武川县燕麦(Avena sativa)人工草地为研究对象,采用静态箱法,通过无氮施肥为对照(CK),设置常规施氮(NN),控释施氮(CN)2个施肥处理,研究旱作燕麦人工草地N2O排放规律,探讨N2O排放对不同施肥种类的响应。结果表明：与无氮施肥相比,常规施氮的地上生物量显著提高37.8%,控释施氮的地上生物量显著提高64.5%(P<0.05);与常规施肥相比控释肥氮素利用率显著提升了71.0%(P<0.05);不同施肥处理下,燕麦人工草地生长季的N2O排放通量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,并在苗期和拔节期出现峰值;与无氮施肥相比,常规施氮的N2O排放量(0.85 kg·hm-2)显著提高44.1%,控释施氮的单位产量N2O排放量(0.86×10-4 g·g-1)显著降低37.2%(P<0.05)。本研究发现相较于常规施肥,控释氮肥提高了燕麦产量且降低了N2O的排... 相似文献
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施肥对青藏高原燕麦种子生产的增产效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过研究施肥水平对燕麦Avena sativa种子产量和品质的影响,筛选出适宜燕麦种子高产的施肥量,为提高燕麦种子生产能力提供直接的理论依据.研究结果表明:在试验设计的施氮梯度范围,施氮对燕麦产量和品质影响作用明显,施氮水平与种子蛋白质含量之间呈显著的线性回归关系(R=0.896 8,P＜0.01),随着施肥量的增加,蛋白质含量持续增加;而施氮水平与有效分蘖数、小穗数、草产量和种子产量之间呈显著的二次回归关系(P＜0.01),表现为"低-高-低"的变化趋势,施氮60 kg/hm2时燕麦种子产量为4358.5 kg/hm2,达到最高,施肥量继续增加,种子产量增幅下降,投入产出比降低.因此,从高产和高效角度综合考虑,生产中以收获燕麦种子为目的时,施氮量应选择60 kg/hm2,而以生产饲草为目的时,施氮量应选择75 kg/hm2. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献