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1.
本试验旨在研究不同微量元素添加模式对肉鸡生长性能、微量元素代谢和血浆抗氧化性能的影响。选取720羽1日龄科宝(Cobb-500)肉鸡,随机分为4个组,每个组10个重复,每个重复18只鸡。行业标准组:按照农业行业标准NY/T 33—2004添加铜、铁、锌和锰。NRC标准组:按照NRC(1994)推荐量添加铜、铁、锌和锰。NRC比例组:实测基础饲粮中铜、铁、锌、锰的含量,以过量最多的铜(相对于NRC标准)的倍数补齐其余3种元素。相对生物学效价组:假设基础饲粮中微量元素的生物学利用率为额外添加硫酸盐的30%,对其含量进行校准后按照NRC比例组的方法添加。微量元素都以硫酸盐形式添加,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)不同微量元素添加模式未对肉鸡生长性能和死亡率造成显著差异(P0.05)。2)21日龄时,NRC比例组肉鸡十二指肠铜转运蛋白1(Ctr1)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于其余各组(P0.05),NRC比例组和相对生物学效价组肉鸡十二指肠二价金属转运蛋白1(DMT1)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于其余2组(P0.05);42日龄时,NRC标准组和相对生物学效价组肉鸡十二指肠DMT1的mRNA相对表达量显著高于其余2组(P0.05);各组间21和42日龄肉鸡十二指肠锌转运蛋白1(Zn T1)和锌转运蛋白5(Zn T5)的mRNA相对表达量没有显著差异(P0.05)。3)21日龄时,NRC比例组和相对生物学效价组肉鸡血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于其余2组(P0.05);42日龄时,与相对生物学效价组相比,NRC比例组肉鸡血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著下降(P0.05)。4)粪便中微量元素浓度和饲粮的微量元素添加浓度存在显著的正相关关系(P0.05)。由此可见,从微量元素吸收效率和肉鸡血浆抗氧化性能来看,考虑基础饲粮微量元素相对生物学效价并按NRC比例添加是更适宜的添加模式,同时减少了粪便中微量元素的排泄。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加万寿菊提取物对肉鸡血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫性能的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡192只,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.15%和0.60%的万寿菊提取物,即有效成分叶黄素含量分别为30和120 mg/kg,试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加0.60%万寿菊提取物使肉鸡血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著降低(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高(P0.05);2)0.15%和0.60%万寿菊提取物添加组肉鸡21和42日龄血清总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高(P0.05);3)0.60%万寿菊提取物添加组肉鸡21日龄胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊指数显著升高(P0.05),饲粮添加万寿菊提取物使肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G和白细胞介素2水平显著升高(P0.05),万寿菊提取物未对肉鸡42日龄免疫器官指数造成显著影响(P0.05)。综上,肉鸡饲粮中添加万寿菊提取物可以提高肉鸡机体的抗氧化能力和免疫性能,且对机体脂代谢有调节作用。 相似文献
3.
Tissue and plasma antioxidant status in response to dietary methionine concentration and source in broilers 
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下载免费PDF全文 J. O. Zeitz S. Mohrmann L. Fehse E. Most A. Helmbrecht B. Saremi K. Eder 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):999-1011
This study hypothesized that plasma and tissue antioxidant status of broilers is positively influenced when dietary Met concentrations exceed, and negatively when they go below NRC recommendations. In addition, different Met sources are hypothesized to affect the antioxidant defence system differently. Day‐old male Cobb‐500 broilers (n = 336) were allotted to seven groups and phase‐fed three wheat–soya bean meal‐based basal diets during days 1‐10, 11‐21 and 22‐35. The basal diets (Met? group, Met + Cys concentration 15% below NRC recommendations) were supplemented with 0.10%, 0.25% or 0.40% Met either as DL ‐Met (DLM ) or DL ‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL ‐HMTBA ) (equimolar comparison). Growth performance and carcass weights were lower in the Met? group compared to the groups whose diets met or exceeded Met requirements. The antioxidant defence system was not influenced by the Met source. However, in the liver, concentrations of glutathione increased with increasing dietary Met concentrations. Tocopherol concentrations in the liver at days 10 and 21 were lower in the Met? group than in the groups supplemented with Met. However, liver concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA ‐RS ) and protein carbonyls (PC ) were largely not influenced by dietary Met concentration. Plasma tocopherol concentrations at day 35 were lower, and those of TBA ‐RS and PC at day 35 were higher in Met? group than in the groups fed the Met‐supplemented diets. In jejunum, but not in liver, relative mRNA abundances and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were higher in the Met? group than in the groups fed Met‐supplemented diets. These data indicate that suboptimum supply of Met results in decreased antioxidant concentrations in plasma and body tissues, and increases oxidative stress in the jejunum mucosa. However, supplementation of Met in excess of the requirements (based on NRC ) compared to diets adequate in Met + Cys did not influence the antioxidant defence system. 相似文献
4.
H. F. Wang H. W. Yang Y. Wang Z. B. Yang S. Z. Jiang 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):151-158
Abstract An experiment was conducted using 720 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens to evaluate the effects of Astragalus membranaceus root powder (AMP), Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and antioxidant enzymes, and metabolites of blood and liver in broiler chickens. The six dietary treatments included a control that was a corn–soybean meal basal diet; basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg antibiotic; 350 mg/kg APS; or 5000, 10,000, or 15,000 mg/kg diet of AMP. Supplementation of 10,000 mg/kg AMP increased average daily gain and feed conversion rate of broilers in grower period (22–42 d) and over the entire experiment compared to basic diet. Responses of antioxidant status to dietary APS and AMP varied depending on the age of the broilers. Beneficial effects of AMP on growth and feed utilization of broilers could be obtained by inclusion of AMP at the rate of 10,000 mg/kg diet. 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在研究饲养密度与高蛋白质(前期23%,后期21%)饲粮代谢能水平对公母分饲肉鸡生长性能和腿部健康的影响。试验采用2(性别)×2(饲养密度)×3(饲粮代谢能水平)三因子完全随机设计,选用1日龄罗斯308(Ross 308)肉鸡公雏1 872只和母雏2 160只,随机分成12个组,每组8个重复。试验设高、低2个饲养密度,以出栏体重计,分别为42[高饲养密度(HSD),16公/m2或18母/m2]和26 kg/m2[低饲养密度(LSD),10公/m2或12母/m2]。试验饲粮分前期(1~21日龄)和后期(22~35日龄)2个阶段配制,饲粮代谢能设高、中、低3个水平,其中,高代谢能(HME)水平饲粮前期和后期的代谢能水平分别为12.81和13.23 MJ/kg,中代谢能(MME)水平饲粮前期和后期的代谢能水平分别为12.18和12.60 MJ/kg,低代谢能(HME)水平饲粮前期和后期的代谢能水平分别为11.55和11.97 MJ/kg。结果表明:1)饲养密度与饲粮代谢能水平对肉鸡的平均日增重和料重比有显著交互作用(P0.05)。1~21日龄时,随着饲粮代谢能水平增加,HSD组平均日增重的增加幅度和料重比的降低幅度均小于LSD组;22~35日龄时结果正好相反。性别与饲养密度对肉鸡的平均日采食量有显著交互作用(P0.05)。随着饲养密度增加,公鸡平均日采食量的降低幅度大于母鸡。2)HSD极显著降低肉鸡的胸肌率(P0.01),母鸡的胸肌率和腹脂率显著高于公鸡(P0.05)。饲粮代谢能水平和饲养密度对肉鸡的腿肌率有显著交互作用(P0.05)。随着饲粮代谢能水平增加,LSD组肉鸡的腿肌率降低,而HSD组基本不变。3)高饲粮代谢能水平极显著降低肉鸡的脚垫损伤评分(P0.01),公鸡的步态评分和脚垫损伤评分显著高于母鸡(P0.05),垫料水分含量显著低于母鸡(P0.05)。饲粮代谢能水平与饲养密度对肉鸡的脚垫损伤评分有显著交互作用(P0.05)。随着饲粮代谢能水平增加,HSD组脚垫损伤评分的降低幅度大于LSD组。以上结果表明,高饲养密度降低肉鸡的平均日增重,增加料重比;35日龄前,公鸡比母鸡的空间需求更高;提高高蛋白质饲粮的代谢能水平可以缓解HSD对肉鸡生长性能和脚垫健康的不利影响。 相似文献
6.
硫辛酸对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加硫辛酸对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。将 ６０只 ２１日龄体重相近的黄羽肉鸡随机分为 ２组,即对照组和硫辛酸组,每组 ５个重复,每个重复 ６只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,硫辛酸组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加 ３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ硫辛酸的试验饲粮,试验期 ３０ｄ。结果表明,硫辛酸对黄羽肉鸡的生长性能无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）;在试验第 １５天时,硫辛酸可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）、降低一氧化氮含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,促进脾脏的发育（Ｐ＜０．０５）,提高血清免疫球蛋白 Ｇ含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）;在试验第 ３０天时,硫辛酸可以显著降低黄羽肉鸡血清丙二醛含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）、提高抑制羟自由基的能力（Ｐ＜０．０１）,提高由伴刀豆球蛋白 Ａ和脂多糖刺激的外周血淋巴细胞转化率以及血清免疫球蛋白 Ｇ含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由本试验可知,饲粮中添加 ３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ硫辛酸可以在一定程度上提高肉鸡抗氧化能力,增强其免疫功能。 相似文献
7.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(4):592-597
In an experiment with 2,040 Ross 308 broiler chickens, the effect of substituting inorganic with organic minerals in broiler feed on performance was determined. The experiment comprised 2 dietary treatments, with 6 replicates of 170 mixed-sex broiler chickens per pen replicate. Experimental diets consisted of a control treatment, formulated with inorganic Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu sulfates at levels of 70, 37, 45, and 12 ppm, respectively, and an organic mineral diet supplemented with lower levels of Mn, Zn, Fe (all 10 ppm), and Cu (2.5 ppm) supplied as peptide chelates (Bioplex). Production performance was measured during the 39-d trial period, and mineral excretion was evaluated at 26 d of age. In the starter period (0 to 14 d), FCR tended to improve (P = 0.06) in broilers fed the organic mineral diet. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the productive performance parameters measured during the trial. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) excretion rates were recorded for all minerals in fecal samples taken from broilers receiving the organic mineral diet. Fecal levels of Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu were 46, 63, 73, and 55%, respectively, compared to the controls. 相似文献
8.
复合微生态制剂与饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能和抗氧化指标的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂与饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能和抗氧化指标的影响.试验选用500只1日龄雌性健康黄羽肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只.试验预试期3d,正试期35d.I组为对照组,饲喂不合抗生素的基础饲粮,V组为抗生素组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为复合微生态制剂组,复合微生态制剂添加量分别为1.0％、2.0％、4.0％.试验结束后,测定各组试鸡生长性能、免疫性能和抗氧化指标.结果表明:1)在每个试验阶段,Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重均显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P＜0.05);且除4～10日龄和32～38日龄料重比外,Ⅲ组肉鸡料重比最低,显著低于对照组和抗生素组(P＜0.05).2)24日龄时,Ⅲ组的脾脏指数、法氏囊指数分别高出V组40.6％、47.7％,差异显著(P＜0.05);17日龄和24日龄时,Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白G含量分别高出V组24.3％、16.2％,差异显著(P＜0.05);24日龄和31日龄时,Ⅲ组盲肠内容物的分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量分别高出V组11.4％、39.3％,差异显著(P＜0.05);10日龄和38日龄时,Ⅲ组新城疫抗体效价分别高出V组37.0％、32.4％,差异显著(P＜0.05).3)10日龄和38日龄时,Ⅲ组血清总抗氧化能力最高,分别高出V组45.2％、56.7％,差异显著(P＜0.05).由此可知,添加2.0‰复合微生态制剂能够提高肉鸡生长性能,提高其抗氧化能力.同时复合微生态制剂的添加可以在一定程度上增强肉鸡的免疫功能. 相似文献
9.
芽孢乳杆菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、肠道发育和微生物菌群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究不同水平芽孢乳杆菌对内仔鸡生产性能、肠道发育及微生物菌群的影响.选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡2 400只,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复100只):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂分别添加200、100和50 mg/kg芽孢乳杆菌的试验饲粮,试验期42 d.结果表明:1)饲粮添加200 mg/kg... 相似文献
10.
The effects of the 5‐HT1A receptor agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT on food and water intake in male broiler chickens were investigated. The injection of 25 or 50 μg/kg of 8‐OH‐DPAT 15 min before refeeding in fasted animals produced a decrease in food intake. No effect was observed in drinking. The injection of 25 or 50 μg/kg of the 8‐OH‐DPAT 60 min after the start of refeeding did not produce any significant modification in food intake. No effect on drinking was recorded. The agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT injected 15 min before water presentation in water‐deprived chickens, produced an increased drinking 60 min after the presentation of water. No effect on food intake was observed. The results show that the effect on food intake of the agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT in fasted–refed broiler chickens was similar to those observed in mammals and layer‐strain chickens. However, the agonist did not alter significantly the food intake when the broilers were fed 60 min before the injection. These results are contrary to the observed effects in mammals and in layer‐strain chickens. Probably, the selection for rapid growth rate in broilers causes modifications in the feeding control pattern. The comparison between broilers and layers strain may be a useful tool to elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in food and water intake regulation in chickens. 相似文献
11.
Salma H. Abu Hafsa Salam A. Ibrahim Yahya Z. Eid Ayman A. Hassan 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(2):529-538
In this study, we investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) supplements on the performance, ileal microbiota carcass traits and biochemical and antioxidant parameters of broiler chickens. MOL was added to starter, grower and finisher diets at four levels (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 5.0%). A total of 320 one-day-old mixed-sex Cobb-500 broiler chicks were divided equally into four treatment groups, with 5 replicates of 16 chicks each until 42 days of age. Compared to the control group, chicks fed 0.5% and 1% MOL exhibited a higher final body weight (FBW), greater weight gain (BWG), and better average daily gain (ADG). Feed intake (FI) gradually decreased as the inclusion rate of MOL in the broilers' diet increased to 5%. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and performance index (PI) were observed in broilers that were fed the MOL diet. The percentage of abdominal fat in broilers decreased significantly in response to dietary supplementation with MOL. The haematological profile in the MOL group revealed a lower WBC count and lymphocyte percentage but higher heterophil and H/L ratio without affecting haemoglobin and RBC count. The inclusion of MOL increased total serum protein, Ca and P levels but decreased glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST and ALT concentrations. Moreover, dietary MOL increased the activities of GSH, CAT and SOD, GPx and GST while decreasing the TBARS level. The pH value decreased in the ileum of broilers fed the 1% and 5% MOL diet compared to the other treatments. Decreased ileal counts of E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus spp. were observed whereas the total ileal Lactobacillus spp. count increased in broilers fed the MOL diet. In conclusion, the MOL supplement can enhance growth performance and antioxidant status, alter ileal microbiota and protect against enteropathogens with no deleterious effects on the broiler chickens. 相似文献
12.
本试验旨在研究霉变饲料和／或添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡人工感染发生的影响。选取140羽1日龄健康的AA肉鸡随机分成7个组．每组4个重复。第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组饲喂霉变饲料;第3～7组以混合感染病鸡病变组织匀浆饮水制作人工感染疾病模型;第3～7组分别饲喂基础日粮、霉变饲料、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂＋中药增免剂。试验期35d。结果发现,肉鸡摄入霉变饲料与摄入正常饲料相比,提高肉鸡料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1v和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。给人工感染肉鸡饲喂霉变饲料与饲喂正常饲料相比．显著提高料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数,显著降低血清IFN-1、IL-2、IL-4和IL-12含量以及LTR,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。霉变饲料中添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能显著提高混合感染肉鸡增重,并降低料重比和死淘率（P〈0．05）,显著提高胸腺指数、法氏囊指数（P〈0．05）,显著提高血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。可见,霉变饲料可导致肉鸡免疫功能抑制,加重肉鸡混合感染病情;复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能有效缓解霉变饲料对人工感染肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和病情的不利影响,抗氧化剂和免疫功能增强剂可减轻霉变饲料的毒性作用。 相似文献
13.
复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在探讨复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响。将 ２４０只 １日龄雌性健康肉鸡随机分为 ４组,每组 ３个重复,每个重复 ２０只。试验预试期 ５ｄ,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,在饲喂基础饲粮同时,分别定时在饮水中添加复合微生态制剂 Ａ及其佐剂 Ｂ,其中复合微生态制剂 Ａ的添加水平为饲粮的２．０‰,６日龄时开始添加,每周 ２次,每次饮用量为周采食量 ２．０‰的 １／２;复合微生态制剂佐剂Ｂ在 ７、１４和 ２１日龄免疫后分别连续使用 ３ｄ,每天 １次,每次饮用量为日采食量的 ０．５‰、１．０‰和 ２．０‰。正试期为 ３７ｄ。测定各组生产性能、肠道菌群数量、抗氧化指标和免疫指标。结果表明：１）在每个试验阶段,Ⅱ组肉鸡平均日增重均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,料重比均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且除 ７～１４日龄和 １５～２１日龄料重比外,Ⅱ组肉鸡平均日增重最高,料重比最低,与其他组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）１４日龄和 ２８日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡盲肠乳酸菌数量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１４日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２８日龄时,仅Ⅱ组肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３）２１、２８和 ３５日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡血浆总抗氧化能力均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２组之间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。４）１４日龄和 ４２日龄时,Ⅳ组肉鸡的脾脏指数最高,均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１４、２８和 ４２日龄时,Ⅲ组肉鸡的法氏囊指数均较高,显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可知,２．０‰复合微生态制剂 Ａ和 ０．５‰复合微生态制剂佐剂 Ｂ能够提高肉鸡生产性能,改善其肠道微生态环境,提高其抗氧化能力。同时,复合微生态制剂及其佐剂的添加可在一定程度上增强肉鸡免疫功能。 相似文献
14.
本研究对比分析了饲粮中添加纳米铜、灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对育雏阶段清远麻鸡生长性能、免疫功能及抗氧化性能的影响，旨在为肉鸡生产中添加剂的开发及应用提供参考。采用单因素随机分组设计，选用1 200只1日龄清远麻鸡母鸡分成4组，对照组（CON）饲喂基础饲粮，3个处理组（NC、GLS及SI）分别在基础饲粮中添加2 500 mg/kg纳米铜、600 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉和300 mg/kg大豆异黄酮预混剂。每个处理10个重复，每个重复30只鸡，试验期30天。试验结束后，采集试验鸡血浆、空肠黏膜样品，测定血液抗氧化相关生化指标及肠道免疫因子。结果表明：与对照组相比，①饲粮添加纳米铜、灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对清远麻鸡肉仔鸡的生长性能均无显著影响（P>0.05）。②灵芝孢子粉显著提高了30日龄清远麻鸡的胸腺比例（P<0.05）。③纳米铜显著提高了清远麻鸡的空肠绒毛隐窝比（P<0.05）。④纳米铜、灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮均显著增加了清远麻鸡血浆和空肠中总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性（P<0.05）；纳米铜显著增加了血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）活性（P<0.05）、降低了空肠黏膜丙二醛（MDA）含量（P<0.05）；大豆异黄酮显著降低血浆与空肠MDA含量（P<0.05）。⑤纳米铜组清远麻鸡空肠中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）含量显著增加（P<0.05），灵芝孢子粉组清远麻鸡血浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、空肠中干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下，纳米铜、灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对清远麻鸡肉仔鸡生长性能没有显著影响，但均可改善抗氧化性能指标；纳米铜可提高空肠绒毛隐窝比，纳米铜与灵芝孢子粉可调节免疫因子分泌。其中纳米铜对抗氧化性能的调节作用最优，灵芝孢子粉对免疫功能调节作用最优。 相似文献
15.
22～42日龄肉鸡铜、铁、锌、锰不同用量组合的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮中铜、铁、锌、锰含量对22~42日龄肉鸡生长性能和粪中铜、铁、锌、锰排泄量的影响,进而对微量元素的平衡模式进行探讨。选取940只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉公鸡,1~21日龄统一饲喂铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为16.96、166.66、46.01、60.26 mg/kg的玉米-豆粕型饲粮。试验选用22日龄、体况良好、体重接近的AA肉公鸡900只,随机分为15组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,基础饲粮中铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为8、125、40、60 mg/kg,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中按照均匀设计原则添加2~8 mg/kg铜、10~35 mg/kg铁、10~40 mg/kg锌、15~60 mg/kg锰组成的14种试验饲粮。测定肉鸡试验期生长性能,并于38~42日龄时采集粪样测定铜、铁、锌、锰含量。结果表明:1)饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量在NRC推荐量至2倍NRC推荐量范围时,对22~42日龄肉鸡的平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05)。2)由最优解分析得出,粪中铜排泄量最低为23.11 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为7.15、116.28、82.82、60.95 mg/kg;铁排泄量最低为438.34 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为14.78、116.81、38.15、63.72 mg/kg;锌排泄量最低为102.60 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为7.69、127.40、40.70、133.26 mg/kg;锰排泄量最低为159.37 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为11.07、136.97、46.13、59.05 mg/kg;粪中铜、铁、锌、锰总排泄量最低为218.94 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为7.36、125.74、38.23、62.76 mg/kg。综上所述,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量在NRC推荐量至2倍NRC推荐量范围时对22~42日龄肉鸡的生长性能无显著影响;粪中铜、铁、锌、锰任一元素的排泄量均受饲粮中其他微量元素添加量的影响,且针对不同元素最低排泄量存在不同的最佳组合;饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰的含量分别为7.36、125.74、38.23、62.76 mg/kg时,能够满足肉鸡微量元素需要量,同时粪中铜、铁、锌、锰总排泄量最小。 相似文献
16.
选用1日龄健康AA肉鸡120只随机均分成4组,使用硫酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11mg/kg,3个试验高铜组饲料铜含量分别为110,220,330mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束,来探讨高铜日粮对肉鸡肝线粒体膜通透性、脂类代谢及肝和肌肉铜含量的影响。结果显示:(1)随着铜浓度的增加和/或饲养日龄的延长,线粒体膜通透性转换孔(Mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)逐渐扩大(P0.05);(2)血清总胆固醇(T-Ch)含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组低于对照组(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著低于对照组(P0.01),而甘油三酯(TG)的含量在各高铜组均极显著低于对照组(P0.01);(3)与对照组相比,肝脏铜含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组有所增加(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著增加(P0.01),肌肉中铜含量在各高铜组均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。这说明高铜可造成肝线粒体不同程度的肿胀和损伤,改变肉鸡脂类的新陈代谢,明显增加肝和肌肉组织的铜含量。 相似文献
17.
本试验旨在研究饲粮精氨酸水平对肉仔鸡免疫功能及其抗禽腺病毒I群4型（fowl adenovirus serotype 4,FAdV-4）的影响。选取1日龄罗斯（Ross）308肉仔鸡300只,随机分为5组（每组5个重复,每个重复12只）,设置5个饲粮精氨酸水平组,分别为0.96%、1.20%、1.44%、1.68%和1.92%,试验鸡饲养至21日龄,各重复随机选取4只测定血清免疫指标和免疫相对器官指数。随后各重复再次随机选取6只,并分为感染组和对照组,感染组肌肉注射FAdV-4 NP毒株0.2 mL（TCID50=10-6.23/0.01 mL）,对照组肌肉注射等量灭菌生理盐水,感染2 d后,统计死亡率、发病率,ELISA测定肝组织iNOS水平、qPCR测定肝iNOS mRNA表达量及病毒载量。结果表明：1）饲粮精氨酸水平为1.44%、1.68%和1.92%时,均能显著提高脾脏指数（P<0.05）且精氨酸水平为1.68%能显著提高胸腺指数（P<0.05）,而精氨酸水平为0.96%会显著降低脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊指数（P<0.05）。2）1.68%精氨酸水平组能显著提高血清球蛋白（GLO）、IgG水平和球蛋白/白蛋白（G/A）比值（P<0.05）;精氨酸水平为0.96%显著降低血清球蛋白和IgG水平（P<0.05）。3）精氨酸水平为0.96%可显著降低肉仔鸡血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、iNOS和NO水平（P<0.05）,而1.68%和1.92%精氨酸水平组均能显著提高肉仔鸡血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ和iNOS水平（P<0.05）。4）肉鸡感染FAdV-4后,0.96%精氨酸水平组的死亡率会显著高于1.20%、1.44%、1.68%和1.92%组（P<0.05）。5）ELISA测定结果显示,1.44%、1.68%和1.92%精氨酸水平组能显著提高感染后的肝组织iNOS水平。6）1.44%、1.68%和1.92%精氨酸水平组均能显著提高肝iNOS mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）;肉鸡感染FAdV-4,iNOS mRNA水平均会显著降低（P<0.05）,1.44%、1.68%和1.92%精氨酸水平组能提高感染FAdV-4后肝iNOS mRNA水平（P<0.05）并显著降低肝的病毒载量（P<0.05）。由此可见,肉仔鸡饲粮中精氨酸的不足会降低其机体的免疫功能及抗FAdV-4病毒能力。提高肉仔鸡饲粮中精氨酸水平不仅能提高免疫器官指数、血清免疫因子水平及肝iNOS mRNA表达水平,降低肝的病毒载量,从而提高机体免疫功能和抗病毒能力。 相似文献
18.
Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens I. A Review of the Literature and the Prevalence of the Disease in Ontario 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 J. R. Long 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1973,37(3):302-308
The available literature on necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens is reviewed.
The records of three poultry diagnostic laboratories in Ontario were examined for the years 1969, 1970 and 1971. During this period 855 (7.7%) of 11,076 consignments of broiler chickens examined were diagnosed as necrotic enteritis. The condition was most common in broilers at three weeks of age, with 66% of all cases occurring in chickens between two and four and one half weeks. The disease occurred throughout the year but it was most common during July, August, September and October. Necrotic enteritis often occurred more than once per year on a farm.
相似文献19.
Petrovic V Marcincak S Popelka P Simkova J Martonova M Buleca J Marcincakova D Tuckova M Molnar L Kovac G 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(6):970-977
The study investigated the effects of diet supplementation with 1% clove flower buds powder combined with either 0.2% lemon balm extract or 0.2% agrimony extract (each of the two pulverized extracts supplied through drinking water) on body weight of broilers, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio and the carcass yield, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px, EC 1.11.1.9) in blood, concentration of sulfhydryl (?SH) groups, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A and E, low‐density lipoproteins in the blood plasma, serum cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides and high‐density lipoproteins in broiler chickens at 42 days of age. On the day of hatching, 120 male and female broilers of Cobb 500 were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (1st group) of broilers received a basal diet (BD) without any feed and water additive. Both experimental groups of chicks were fed BD enriched with clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) powder at a dose of 10 g/kg DM for 42 days. Moreover, either lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis L.) extract or agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) extract diluted with drinking water (2:1000) was given to broilers in the 2nd and 3rd group respectively. The results indicated that feeding the diets enriched with selected herbal supplements failed to affect the growth performance of broiler chickens at 42 days of age. In addition, this supplementation had no influence on the activities of SOD and GSH‐Px, concentration of vitamin A and selected lipid metabolism indices. On the other hand, we observed beneficial effects on some indices of the antioxidant status (increased concentration of ?SH groups and vitamin E, decreased concentration of MDA) in the blood of broilers in both experimental groups in comparison with the control group of chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a slightly better antioxidant capacity was found in the blood of broilers supplied the combination of clove and lemon balm compared to clove and agrimony (vitamin E, 11.26 ± 0.73 vs. 9.73 ± 0.64 μmol/L, p < 0.05 respectively). It could be concluded that supplementation of the diet with clove flower buds powder combined with lemon balm extract or agrimony extract dissolved in drinking water has a potential to increase the antioxidant status but fails to influence either the growth performance or the selected lipid metabolism indices of broilers at the age of 42 days. 相似文献
20.
Effect of different levels of copper nanoparticles and copper sulphate on performance,metabolism and blood biochemical profiles in broiler chicken 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. Scott K. P. Vadalasetty M. Łukasiewicz S. Jaworski M. Wierzbicki A. Chwalibog E. Sawosz 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e364-e373
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of copper administration in ovo to chicken embryos and/or supplied in drinking water to growing chickens in the form copper nanoparticles (Cu‐NP) or copper sulphate (CuSO4). The fertilised eggs were assigned to three groups (n = 50 per group): control (not injected), injected with 50 mg/kg Cu‐NP or with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 at day 1 of incubation. Thereafter, 126 one‐day‐old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to seven post‐hatched groups: control not injected and not provided with Cu in the drinking water, injected with 50 mg/kg Cu‐NP + 20 mg/kg in water, not injected + 20 mg/kg Cu‐NP in water, injected with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 + 20 mg/kg in water, not injected + 20 mg/kg CuSO4 in water, injected with 50 mg/kg Cu‐NP and injected with 50 mg/kg CuSO4. The experiment was carried out from day 1 to 35 post‐hatching. The in ovo injection of Cu improved the final body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in relation to the control group. Conversely, the provision of Cu in the drinking water had less of an effect on growth performance in comparison with the injected groups. A significant improvement was shown in energy and nitrogen utilisation, being better for Cu‐NP than CuSO4. The cholesterol, urea and glucose levels in the blood were reduced by Cu‐NP treatment in relation to the other groups. The relative weight of the liver was decreased, while bursa of Fabricius was increased in Cu groups in relation to the control group. Cu excretion was only reduced in chickens injected with 50 mg/kg Cu‐NP + 20 mg/kg in water. The immune‐related genes were not affected by the treatments. The in ovo injection of Cu‐NP might improve broiler performance more efficiently than the injection of CuSO4 or the provision of Cu‐NP and/or CuSO4 in drinking water. 相似文献