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试验将60只体重相近的49日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E5组,每组4个重复,每个重复3只。B、C、D、E4组颈部皮下注射新城疫Ι系疫苗进行免疫,分别在B、C、D、E组日粮中添加0、200、400、800mg/kg的维生素C,分四周测血清中的HI效价及脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数。结果表明:添加维生素C可提高HI效价,对新城疫疫苗免疫效果有促进作用,其中400mg/kg的维生素C效果较好;C、D、E组的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数均高于B组,说明添加维生素C能促进脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官生长发育,进而影响细胞免疫和体液免疫。 相似文献
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为探索不同剂量维生素C对蛋鸡免疫机能的影响,将240只体重相近的45日龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E 共5 组,每组设4个重复,每个重复12羽.A组为对照组,对B、C、D、E 4组的鸡颈部皮下注射新城疫Ⅰ系疫苗,在4个试验组的日粮中分别添加0、250、500、750 mg/kg的维生素C,分别在处理后的第7、14、21、28天采样测定供试鸡的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官指数及血清中的新城疫抗体HI效价.结果显示,添加维生素C的C、D、E 组的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官指数均显著高于B 组(P＜0.05),HI效价也显著高于B组(P＜0.05),日粮中500 mg/kg的维生素C添加量效果最好(P＜0.05).表明在鸡的日粮当中适当添加维生素C能显著促进脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官的生长发育,增强免疫系统产生抗体的能力,能改善鸡体的免疫机能. 相似文献
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为了探讨不同剂量维生素C（vitamin C,VC）对蛋鸡免疫机能的影响,将240只体重相近的45日龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E 5组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只。A组不进行免疫,日粮中也不添加VC,为对照组,B、C、D、E 4组颈部皮下注射新城疫Ι系疫苗进行免疫,并在该4组日粮中分别添加0、250、500、750 mg/kg的VC,分4周测脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官指数及血清中新城疫HI抗体效价。结果显示,添加VC的C、D、E组,蛋鸡脾脏、胸腺等免疫器官指数均显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）高于B组,法氏囊指数在第21、28天显著高于B组（P＜0.05）,新城疫HI抗体效价极显著高于B组（P＜0.01）,且以日粮中500 mg/kg的VC添加量效果最好。由此可见,在鸡的日粮中适当添加VC能促进脾脏、胸腺等免疫器官的生长发育,显著增强免疫系统合成分泌抗体的能力,从而提高鸡体的免疫机能。 相似文献
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不同剂量安普霉素对肉鸡新城疫免疫效果及机体免疫机能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
120羽罗斯308肉鸡均按常规程序接种新城疫(ND)疫苗,并随机分4组:A组空白对照,B、C、D 3组自10日龄分别以治疗单倍量(0.045%)、3倍量(0.135%)、5倍量(0.225%)混饮硫酸安普霉素,连续5 d。17、33日龄检测各组鸡ND抗体水平,法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺的器官指数,观察组织病理学变化。结果显示:17日龄时,B组各指标无明显变化(P>0.05);C组法氏囊指数显著降低(P<0.05),胸腺皮质和法氏囊细胞少量出血和坏死;D组抗体效价、胸腺和法氏囊指数极显著降低(P<0.01),各器官病变同C组且加重。33日龄时,B组脾脏皮质有出血,其他变化不明显;C组胸腺和法氏囊指数显著降低(P<0.05),胸腺皮质出血,法氏囊水肿;D组抗体效价、胸腺指数显著降低(P<0.05),法氏囊指数极显著降低(P<0.01),法氏囊和胸腺皮质细胞有出血和坏死。结果表明:治疗量硫酸安普霉素对鸡ND体液免疫及免疫器官无影响,3和5倍治疗量可抑制ND免疫效果,损伤中枢免疫器官,应用时需注意。 相似文献
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目的:本研究旨在探讨日粮维生素E水平对AA鸡免疫器官发育的影响。方法:选用1 d健康AA肉鸡母鸡160羽,随机分为试验组和对照组共5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8羽,试验期为42 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加25、50、75、100 mg/kg的维生素E。饲养期间每双周周末对各组AA肉鸡屠宰并称取胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的重量,计算免疫器官指数。结果:试验结果表明,第2周时,日粮中添加75 mg/kg维生素E脾脏指数比对照组提高了16.67%(P>0.05),100 mg/kg时胸腺指数比对照组提高了13.04%(P>0.05)。第4周时,日粮中添加50 mg/kg维生素E脾脏指数比对照组提高了64.71%(P>0.05)。第6周时,日粮中添加25 mg/kg维生素E胸腺指数和脾脏指数分别比对照组提高了38.71%(P<0.05)和42.86%(P>0.05),100 mg/kg维生素E胸腺指数和法氏囊指数分别比对照组提高了45.16%(P<0.05)和7.69%(P>0.05)。结论:日粮中添加维生素E对肉鸡免疫器官的发育没有显著影响,但能够具有促进其生长发育的趋势。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2016,(8)
为研究日粮中不同酵母多糖添加水平对肉鸡免疫功能的影响,试验将240只1日龄健康AA肉鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的酵母多糖。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加酵母多糖显著增加肉鸡胸腺指数、42日龄外周血淋巴细胞刺激指数、42日龄血清溶菌酶活性及28、35和42日龄血清新城疫病毒HI抗体效价(P0.05);与其他组相比,0.2%酵母多糖组显著提高肉鸡胸腺指数、法氏囊指数、42日龄血清新城疫病毒HI抗体效价及21日龄和42日龄血清溶菌酶活性(P0.05);日粮中不同酵母多糖添加水平对肉鸡脾脏指数、14日龄和21日龄血清新城疫病毒HI抗体效价、血清总蛋白和血清白蛋白含量及21日龄外周血淋巴细胞刺激指数的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。结果提示:日粮中添加酵母多糖可增强肉鸡的免疫功能,适宜添加水平为0.2%。 相似文献
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为了探究五苓散加减方对雏鸡法氏囊疫苗免疫及鸡传染性法氏囊病防治过程的作用,试验使用鸡胚确定法氏囊病毒(IBOV)的半数感染量(EID_(50)),选取11日龄雏鸡540只,随机分为6组(A组用五苓散加减方饮水给药3 d,第4天接种疫苗;B组用五苓散加减方饮水给药3 d,不接种疫苗;C组在接种疫苗后第2天用五苓散加减方连续饮水3 d;D组在接种疫苗同时用五苓散加减方饮水3 d;E组接种疫苗,不饮用五苓散加减方;F组人工感染病毒,不免疫、不饮用五苓散加减方。第19日龄人工滴鼻接种100EID_(50)的IBDV病毒液),每组设3个重复,每个重复30只鸡,在攻毒前和攻毒后每组随机抽取5只雏鸡检测其血清抗体效价,试验期为18 d,试验结束测定发病率和死亡率以及脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊指数。结果表明:五苓散加减方在免疫前中后使用比不使用组法氏囊抗体效价提高,法氏囊指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数也相应提高,发病率和死亡率均有降低。说明五苓散加减方可有效提高法氏囊疫苗免疫效果,降低发病率和死亡率。 相似文献
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为了研究枸杞多糖对雏鸡的免疫调节作用,将400羽1日龄雏鸡随机分为A、B、C、D共4组。7日龄时,分别给予A、B组雏鸡灌服10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg的枸杞多糖各5 m L,C、D组灌服同等剂量的生理盐水。给药的同时,A、B、C组滴鼻和点眼免疫新城疫Ⅳ系疫苗,D组不作处理。分别于7、14、21、28和35日龄时,采用微量法HI试验测定各组雏鸡新城疫抗体效价。分别于免疫后的第7、14、21、28和35天,计算各组雏鸡的免疫器官指数。试验结果显示,A、B组的新城疫抗体效价和各免疫器官指数明显高于C、D组,提示枸杞多糖对鸡新城疫疫苗的免疫效果具有明显的增强作用,且能够促进雏鸡中枢及外周免疫器官的发育。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献