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李竹园 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2011,(3):50-50
雏鸭是指0-5周龄的小鸭,此时的小鸭对外界环境的适应能力差,不能独立生活,只有人为地提供适宜的环境,雏鸭才能健康地生长发育,因此只有在育雏时做好饲养管理才能保证它的成活率。 相似文献
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1饮水初生雏鸭第一次饮水称为开水,一般雏鸭出壳后24~26小时,开食前进行。由于雏鸭出壳的过程较长,且出雏器内的温度较高,体内的水分散发较多,因此必须及时补充水分,以免脱水。雏鸭一边饮水,一边嬉戏,雏鸭受到水的刺激后,生理上处于兴奋状态,促进新陈代谢和卵黄吸收,促使胎粪排泄,有利于开食和生长发育。 相似文献
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刚孵出的小鸭,第一次饮水称“开水”,第一次喂料叫“开食”。科学地做好“开水”、“开食”工作,直接关系到鸭子以后的生长发育,也是雏鸭饲养管理的关键。一、“开水”:“开水”有两种方法。一种是将雏鸭放在鸭篮内,每篮装40~50只,“开水”时将雏鸭连同鸭篮慢慢浸入水中,使水没过鸭脚,但不能超过膝关节,让雏鸭在浅水中站立活动5~10分钟(天热时站的时间长些,天冷时站的时间短些)。雏鸭受到水的刺激,十分活跃,一边饮水,一边嬉戏,使其生理上处于兴奋状态,促进新陈代谢,促使胎粪排泻。如果再在水面上撒点绿萍,则效果更佳… 相似文献
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正雏鸭第一次饮水和开食时,先饮水,后开食,对雏鸭的生长发育有良好的促进作用。这是因为先饮水有利于排泄胎粪,引起食欲,提高雏鸭的消化和吸收能力。1开水1.1适时开水刚孵出的雏鸭第一次饮水称为开水。一般在 相似文献
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刚孵出的小鸭,第一次饮水称“开水”,第一次喂料称“开食”。科学地做好“开水”、“开食”工作,对鸭子以后的饲养有很大的关系,也是雏期鸭子的饲养关键。 一、“开水”:“开水”一般有两种方法,一种方法是将雏鸭放在鸭篓(篮)内,每篓装40~50只,“开水”时将雏鸭连同鸭篓慢慢浸入水中,使水没过脚趾,但不能超过 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2016,(2)
<正>雏鸭进入育雏室后应强制雏鸭有足够的活动时间,防止其扎堆,以防止压死雏苗。尽早开饮。1饮水管理1.1饮水中添加3%~5%的葡萄糖,适量的电解质,方法是将水洒在消过毒的塑料布上,形成均匀的水珠,赶小鸭进入洒水布上,引导小鸭学会饮水,然后再让小鸭用饮水器饮水。要注意一定要在饮水2h后开食,料中要拌氟本尼考,以防止腹泻。1.2水温应该与室温一致,水质达到饮水标准,雏鸭进舍后应该尽快供水,供水时间依据天气和运输的时间而定,防止脱水。对 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献