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为了解内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎链球菌毒力基因的分布情况及其耐药现状,通过该地区360份乳房炎奶样链球菌的分离鉴定,利用微量肉汤稀释法测定了81株链球菌对15种药物的MIC,采用PCR法检测耐药基因及毒力基因的携带情况。结果显示,分离到的81株链球菌对β-内酰胺类的耐药率最高;对红霉素和四环素的耐药率在40%~85%;对氟喹诺酮类的耐药率相对较低。多重耐药菌株达88.9%(n=72)。耐药基因pbp2b的检出率为86.4%,tetL和tetM的检出率在75%以上,红霉素耐药表型主要由ermB介导。分离菌株毒力基因中cfb的检出率最高(50.6%),其次为cyl和hylB。内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎链球菌对β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类和四环素耐药情况严重,且发现多重耐药菌株的流行;链球菌中尤以无乳链球菌的毒力基因携带率较高。 相似文献
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《吉林畜牧兽医》2016,(2)
为了获取长春地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌及其耐药谱系统资料,并为指导临床合理使用抗生素和提高奶牛乳房炎的治愈效果提供理伦依据。本试验研究对长春地区多个奶牛场采集患乳房炎奶牛的231份奶样进行传统细菌生化实验培养,分离鉴定和做药物敏感试验。一共分离出大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌3种病原菌208株,其中大肠杆菌54株,耐药菌株为41株,耐药率为17.75%;金黄色葡萄球菌101株,耐药菌株为92株,耐药率为44.23%;无乳链球菌53株,耐药菌株为39株,耐药率为18.75%,其中耐三种以上抗生素的菌株为126株,耐药率为60.58%,且产生了多重耐药性。3种主要病原菌对磺胺类药物、头孢唑林、链霉素、大观霉素、多西环素、庆大霉素、四环素都产生了不同程度的耐药,对万古霉素、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星敏感,对青霉素、卡那霉素产生了完全耐药性。 相似文献
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河南省临颍县奶牛乳房炎病原菌感染情况调查与药敏分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医杂志》2020,(3)
为初步分析临颍县奶牛乳房炎致病菌的种类与感染情况,并对其主要病原菌进行药敏分析,本试验对全县部分地区采集患有奶牛乳房炎的乳汁样品73份,分离并鉴定病原菌。结果表明:共分离96株菌株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌、棒状杆菌和大肠杆菌的分离比例分别为38.54%、30.21%、17.71%和13.54%。对金黄色葡萄球菌和乳房链球菌分离菌株的药敏试验结果表明:2种菌株对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星敏感,对青霉素和氨苄西林具有较强的耐药性,不同菌株对其他药物耐药程度有较大差异,提示环丙沙星和恩诺沙星可作为该地区奶牛乳房炎治疗的首选药物。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2017,(11)
为了解内蒙古部分地区规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎临床分布情况及病原菌的生物学特性,本研究从内蒙古部分地区规模化奶牛场采集330份患有奶牛乳房炎的奶样,进行链球菌的分离、鉴定。结果共分离到24株链球菌,分离率为7.27%。利用脉冲场凝胶电泳技术(PFGE)分析24株链球菌的亲缘关系,共得到16株不同谱型的链球菌。采用微量肉汤稀释法测定16株链球菌对临床上常用的12种抗生素的耐药谱,采用PCR方法分别进行耐药基因、血清型分型基因、表面蛋白基因及毒力基因的检测。结果显示,16株链球菌对林可霉素、红霉素及四环素耐药率均超过50%,其中对林可霉素的耐药率达到68.75%(11/16);耐药基因erm(B)和tet(M)的检出率分别为31.25%(5/16)和50%(8/16);其中10株不同谱型的无乳链球菌血清型均属于荚膜多糖Ⅱ型,表面蛋白均属于未定型且所携带的毒力基因相同。本研究为治疗临床中由链球菌感染所引起的奶牛乳房炎提供了实验依据。 相似文献
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为了解辽宁阜新某奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎发生情况,采用体细胞计数法对奶牛场中94头临床表现健康的奶牛进行隐性乳房炎筛查,对检测后的阳性乳样进行链球菌的分离鉴定,并采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离所得的链球菌进行药敏试验。结果显示:该牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎的检出率为48.94%;对34株奶牛隐性乳房炎链球菌分离株进行体外药敏试验,发现菌株对头孢氨苄、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶和磺胺甲基异恶唑耐药率最高(100%);对苯唑西林、阿奇霉素、林可霉素、多西环素、土霉素、红霉素的耐药率均在82.4%以上;对氨苄西林、阿莫西林和环丙沙星较敏感,敏感率分别为44.1%、50.0%及52.9%。结果表明:该奶牛场隐性乳房炎源链球菌多重耐药现象严重。 相似文献
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为了解昆明地区奶牛隐性乳房炎无乳链球菌分离株对常用抗生素的耐药性及耐药基因携带情况,采集昆明某地区隐性乳房炎患牛乳样71份检测。结果显示,分离到的15株无乳链球菌,对青霉素类、红霉素、林可胺类等抗生素存在不同程度的耐药现象,多重耐药现象也比较严重,分离菌共出现10种耐药谱,其中7耐和8耐的占有60%。对青霉素严重耐药,其耐药率达到了100%。其中,PCR扩增β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类耐药基因,结果显示,15株无乳链球菌均含有pbp1a、pbp2b、erm B基因,表明,本地区不能继续使用青霉素等药物来治疗奶牛乳房炎,应选择敏感性的药物,如头孢类抗生素等。同时应合理交叉用药,以防细菌产生耐药性。本试验为昆明地区无乳链球菌引起的隐性奶牛乳房炎的防治提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
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为了初步分析河南省遂平县奶牛乳房炎致病菌种类与感染情况,采集全县部分乡镇患有奶牛乳房炎的乳汁样品73 份进行调查,分离并鉴定病原菌。结果表明,分离的96 株菌株中,金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌、棒状杆菌和大肠杆菌的分离比例分别为38.54%、30.21%、17.71%和13.54%。对金黄色葡萄球菌和乳房链球菌分离菌株的药敏试验结果表明,2 种菌株对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星敏感,对青霉素和氨苄西林具有较强的耐药性,提示环丙沙星和恩诺沙星可作为该地区奶牛乳房炎治疗的首选药物。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献