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苜蓿根腐病病原菌的分离及鉴定 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
从甘肃张掖、酒泉2市采集苜蓿Medicago sativa根腐病样品15份,按照柯赫证病律对其进行病原物分离、鉴定.结果表明：发病部位分离到的菌株以镰孢霉Fusarium spp.占优势,经致病性测定和接种试验证明,腐皮镰孢霉F.solani致病性最强,接种后病株率达60%以上;其次是尖孢镰孢霉F.oxysporum和串珠镰孢霉F.moniliforme,致病性弱,发病株率为16.7%～23.3%;腐皮镰孢霉与尖孢镰孢霉或串珠镰霉混合接种,发病率均高于单独接种的发病率,而病株上获得的其他分离物均无致病性.研究证明苜蓿根腐病是以腐皮镰孢霉为主要病原,并与尖孢镰孢霉和串珠镰孢霉复合侵染导致的一种病害. 相似文献
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几种真菌对3种常见冷季型草坪草的致病性测定 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以我国北方常见的冷季型草坪草高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)为材料，将细交链孢(Alternaria alternata)、根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、枝孢(Cladosporium herbarum)、新月弯孢(Curvularia lunata)、德氏霉(Drechslerasp．)、燕麦镰孢(Fusarium avenaceum)、锐顶镰孢(F．acuminatum)、尖镰孢(F．oxysporum)，腐皮镰孢(F．solani)和粉红粘帚霉(Gliocldium roseum)10种分离自草坪草的真菌接种，进行离体叶片的致病性测定。结果表明：细交链孢、根腐离蠕孢、德氏霉、腐皮镰孢、粉红粘帚霉和枝孢对高羊茅具有明显的致病性；根腐离蠕孢、燕麦镰孢和锐顶镰孢对黑麦草有明显的致病性；而仅根腐离蠕孢对早熟未有较明显的致病性。 相似文献
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【目的】明确高寒地区灌木小叶金露梅（Potentilla parvifolia）根部可培养内生真菌的多样性和季节变化。【方法】以东祁连山的优势灌木小叶金露梅为试验材料,利用组织培养法分离根部的内生真菌,用形态鉴定和 ITS 分子测序相结合进行真菌鉴定并分析其季节多样性。【结果】春季、夏季和秋季在小叶金露梅根段组织中分离得到 71 株真菌纯培养物,归属于 5 纲 5 目 5 科 6 属 8 个分类单元;不同季节的小叶金露梅根部内生真菌种类和数量存在一定差异,从多样性指数来看,Shannon-Wiener 指数和 Simpson’s diversity 指数表现为春季（1. 57,0. 75）＞夏季（1. 26,0. 69）＞秋季（1. 08,0. 62）。春季根部内生真菌多样性高于夏季和秋季,但优势属均为脉孢菌属（Neurospora）和曲霉属（Aspergillu）;春季特有属为青霉属（Penicillium）和色串孢属（Torula）;赭霉属（Ochroconis）为夏季特有属,葡萄孢属 （Botrytis）为秋季特有属。【结论】不同季节小叶金露梅根部均分离得到了内生真菌,且内生真菌在小叶金露梅根部的定殖存在季节差异性,春季根部内生真菌多样性较高。 相似文献
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为明确宁夏地区玉米镰孢茎腐病病原菌的种类及优势病原菌,本研究于2020年采集宁夏地区玉米(Zea mays L.)茎腐病样品36份,对所采集样品进行组织学分离、纯化和单孢分离,参照Nelson等分类系统进行形态学鉴定,并结合镰孢菌特异性引物EF-1α进行序列分析。本研究共获得209株镰孢菌,包括禾谷镰孢复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex)、拟轮枝镰孢(F. verticillioides)、木贼镰孢(F. equiseti)、层出镰孢(F. proliferatum)、胶孢镰孢(F. subglutinans)、半裸镰孢(F. incarnatum)、锐顶镰孢(F.acuminatum.)、黄色镰孢(F.culmorum)和燕麦镰孢(F.avenaceum),其分离频率依次为28.2%,23.9%,20.1%,8.1%,7.2%,6.7%,2.9%,1.9%和1.0%。其中,禾谷镰孢复合种在宁夏5市均有分布,且致病性强,为宁夏地区玉米镰孢茎腐病优势致病菌。 相似文献
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为了探明不同水分、镰刀菌对苜蓿品种的致病性,本研究选择紫花苜蓿品种阿尔冈金(Algonguin)、丰宝(Powerplant)与苜蓿王(Alfaking)接种半裸镰孢(Fusarium semitectum)和腐皮镰孢(F.solani),测定不同水分苜蓿幼苗的病情指数、最终存活数、根重、苗重、根长和苗长,评价其抗病性和两种病菌侵染适宜发病的水分条件以及三者之间的相互关系,结果表明,病菌和水分均对病情指数有显著影响(P0.05),品种和水分间存在显著的互作关系(P0.05),品种间病情指数无显著差异,接菌后供试苜蓿品种病情指数均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。接种腐皮镰孢后显著降低了植株存活数,品种、菌种和水分之间对根重互作效应显著(P0.05);三者对苗重也有显著影响(P0.05),且各因素之间也存在显著的互作效应;腐皮镰孢对3个苜蓿品种的苗重均有显著抑制(P0.05),菌种对根长的影响显著(P0.05);半裸镰孢对丰宝和苜蓿王品种的根长有较强的抑制作用。品种、菌种和水分对苗长均有显著的影响(P0.05),而且菌种和水分间存在互作,但品种和菌种、品种和水分、品种、菌种和水分之间互作不显著。接种腐皮镰孢在3个水分梯度条件下对3个品种的苗长均有显著的降低作用。两种镰刀菌在土壤高水分条件下可导致苜蓿发生病害并对苜蓿生产构成危害,腐皮镰孢对苜蓿根部病害的致病性较强。菌种和水分对不同品种的苜蓿病情指数存在显著的影响,而且多因素之间也存在显著的互作效应(P0.05)。 相似文献
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采集甘肃省通渭县华家岭燕麦主产区燕麦根腐病病株,用组织分离法分离致病菌,通过柯赫氏法则验证其致病性,结合形态学与分子生物学方法鉴定病原菌,以明确引起甘肃省燕麦根腐病病原菌种类,为该病害的诊断和防治提供依据.结果 表明:从燕麦病根分离并选取的具有代表性的5株真菌,Y2为茄病镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)、Y5为禾谷镰刀菌(F.gramineae)、Y13为串珠赤霉菌(Gibberella moniliformi)、Y18为G.acuminata、Y31为燕麦镰刀菌(F.avenaceum).致病性测定表明5株真菌均为燕麦根腐病的致病菌,以禾谷镰刀菌致病力最强,茄病镰刀菌致病力最弱,病情指数分别为79.69与47.00.其中茄病镰刀菌、G.acuminata、串珠赤霉菌引起燕麦根腐病为国内首次报道. 相似文献
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为了明确山黧豆（Lathyrus sativus）根腐病病原菌的分类地位,本研究于2018年8月在四川省南充市采集山黧豆根腐病病样,经组织分离法进行分离纯化,采用形态学和翻译延伸因子（Translation elongation factor 1-agene,EF-1α）基因序列分析相结合的方法对致病菌进行鉴定。结果表明：从采集的山黧豆根腐病病样上共分离获得39株分离物,其中3株分离物Shan-27,Shan-28和Shan-29对山黧豆具有强致病性,分离频率为7.69%;这3株致病菌在形态学上均接近于禾谷镰孢菌复合种（Fusarium graminearum species complex）,而对其翻译延伸因子（EF-1α）序列分析发现,其均与亚洲镰孢菌聚在同一分支上,同源性达99%以上。因此,根据菌株形态学特征和EF-1α基因序列分析结果,将引致山黧豆根腐病的病原菌确定为亚洲镰孢菌（Fusarium asiaticum）。 相似文献
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《中国草地学报》2020,(3)
苜蓿根腐病病原菌较为复杂,因此明确不同生态环境下苜蓿根腐病病原菌的种类和优势菌株,对于苜蓿根腐病的防治非常重要。利用柯赫氏法则对采自内蒙古三个不同地点苜蓿田中疑似根腐病的病样进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明,从供试病样中共分离得到6个不同种的镰刀菌:木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、锐顶镰刀菌(F.acuminatum)、产黄色镰孢菌(F.thapsinum)、变红镰刀菌(F.incarnatum)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)和三线镰刀菌(F.tricinctum)。其中,木贼镰刀菌是上述三个供试地点苜蓿根腐病的优势致病菌。在室内条件下,利用优势菌株木贼镰刀菌以及三线镰刀菌对32个苜蓿品种的抗根腐病水平进行了评价,结果表明供试的品种间对根腐病的抗性水平呈现出一定的差异,其中品种康赛对两种不同的镰刀菌种表现出最高的抗性水平,其病情指数分别为26.07和26.81;按照抗性水平的划分标准,32份供试材料中对三线镰刀菌呈现中抗水平的品种18份,占供试品种的56.25%;表现为中感水平的品种14份,占43.75%,未见高感品种。对木贼镰刀菌而言,呈现中抗水平的苜蓿品种9份,占28.13%;呈现中感品种14份,占43.74%;呈现高感水平的苜蓿品种9份,占28.13%。本研究中未发现针对上述两种根腐病病原菌呈现免疫和高抗水平的苜蓿品种。 相似文献
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玉米穗腐病样品中黄色镰孢的分离鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确甘肃玉米穗腐病的病原菌,于2009年9月在甘肃省四大生态区采集玉米穗腐病样品,以组织分离法进行病原物的分离培养,对分离得到的镰孢菌菌落进行纯化和单孢分离后,以形态学为基础,参照Leisle分类系统进行鉴定。结果表明,分离到271株镰孢菌菌株中有105株经形态学鉴定为黄色镰孢,占分离镰孢菌的38.7%。分析发现黄色镰孢种群数量随采样区而异,陇东和陇南地区采集的样品中分离频率分别为52.0%,55.4%,本研究充分证明了黄色镰孢是甘肃省陇东和陇南地区玉米穗腐病的优势病原菌。按照柯赫氏法则用混合菌株接种法对沈单16和金穗96832进行致病性测定,证实了黄色镰孢对玉米果穗的致病性。随机选取3株黄色镰孢菌株进行rDNA-ITS基因序列分析,将PCR产物回收测序后在GenBank 上比对,菌株3-1-1与GenBank 中登记的黄色镰孢菌株K1004和K216、6-4-1和21-2-1与黄色镰孢菌株CBS122.73亲缘关系最近,同源性达99%。利用DNAStar 软件绘制其系统发育树状图,结果表明,菌株3-1-1与K1004和K216、菌株6-4-1和21-2-1与CBS122.73位于系统发育树的同一分支,聚为一类,与形态学的鉴定结果一致。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献