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木聚糖酶基因的分子生物学与基因工程 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
广义的木聚糖酶是指能够降解半纤维素木聚糖的一组酶的总称 ,主要包括三类 :( 1 )内切 - β -1 ,4-木聚糖酶 ( 1 ,4- β -Ｄ -木聚糖木聚糖水解酶 ,ＥＣ 3,2 ,1 ,8) ,优先在不同位点上作用于木聚糖和长链木寡糖 ,从 β - 1 ,4-木聚糖主链的内部切割木糖苷链 ,从而使木聚糖降解为木寡糖 ,其水解产物主要为木二糖与木二糖以上的寡聚木糖 ,也有少量的木糖和阿拉伯糖。 ( 2 )外切 - β -ｌ,4-木聚糖酶 ( 1 ,4- β -Ｄ -木聚糖木聚糖水解酶 ,ＥＣ 3,2 ,1 ,92 ) ,作用于木聚糖和木寡糖的非还原端 ,产物为木糖。 ( 3) β -木糖苷酶 ( 1 ,4- β -Ｄ … 相似文献
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木聚糖酶在畜牧业和食品工业中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
木聚糖酶是一类可以将木聚糖降解成低聚木糖和木糖的水解酶,主要有三种,内切β-1,4-木聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.8)、外切β-1,4-木聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.92)和β-木糖苷酶(EC3.2.1.37)。木聚糖酶从动物、植物、微生物中均可获得,以微生物为主。现在已知的能够产生木聚糖酶的微生物包括细菌、曲 相似文献
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离子注入选育高产木聚糖酶黑曲霉及其发酵条件研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
木聚糖酶是一类能够特异降解木聚糖的酶类,其水解产物以低聚木糖为主,并伴有少量木糖和阿拉伯糖。研究表明,饲料中含有的非淀粉多糖(NSP)是饲料中重要的抗营养因子,木聚糖是其中之一。在饲料中添加木聚糖酶可消除木聚糖的抗营养作用,通过降低肠道内容物的黏度,提高动物内源性消化酶的活性,从而提高饲料转化率,促进养分的消化吸收。木聚糖酶酶解产生的低聚木糖有利于促进肠道内健康菌的形成,刺激动物机体的免疫反应机能,抑制病原菌的生长,减少疾病(陈瑞娟,1 993)。木聚糖酶与其他非淀粉多糖酶(如纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶、果胶酶)复合使用作… 相似文献
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木聚糖酶生产与应用研究进展 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
木聚糖是植物细胞壁的主要成分之一，属于非淀粉多糖。作为半纤维素的一种，在自然界中是含量仅次于纤维素的可更新多糖，存在于各种陆生植物的几乎所有部位。它从仅由β－１，４糖苷键连接的多聚糖线形分子到以α－糖甘键形成取代基支链的高度分枝的异质多糖，结构变化的范围很大。通常，木聚糖以异质多糖形式存在并与纤维素结合在一起。木聚糖酶是木聚糖的专一降解酶。属于水解酶类，包括内切木聚糖酶、外切木聚糖酶和木糖苷酶三种。内切木聚糖酶能随机切断木聚糖主链上的木聚糖苷键，生成分子量不同的木寡糖；外切木聚糖酶则从木聚糖非还… 相似文献
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木聚糖酶对不同能量饲料的体外酶解效果研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本试验测定了不同来源的玉米、小麦、麦麸和米糠的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖含量,并通过体外酶解试验考察木聚糖酶对玉米、小麦、麦麸、米糠中的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖的降解效果,旨在建立木聚糖酶添加水平与原料之间的定量关系。结果表明:不同来源的能量饲料的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖含量不同。玉米、小麦、麦麸和米糠的总木聚糖含量分别为3.87%、7.11%、20.24%和9.90%,水溶性木聚糖含量分别为0.11%、0.85%、0.92%和0.15%。木聚糖酶对不同能量饲料的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖的降解程度不同。木聚糖酶对小麦、麦麸的总木聚糖的降解程度最大,其次为玉米,对米糠总木聚糖降解程度最小;木聚糖酶对小麦和麦麸的水溶性木聚糖降解程度最大,对玉米和米糠的水溶性木聚糖降解程度小。以总木聚糖含量变化为指标,每千克玉米、小麦、麦麸和米糠的适宜木聚糖酶添加水平为1 380、1 987、2 887和1 000 IU;以水溶性木聚糖含量变化为指标,每千克玉米、小麦、麦麸和米糠的适宜木聚糖酶添加水平为500、2 108、6 958和1 000 IU。 相似文献
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蛋白质饲料木聚糖含量及其体外酶解效果研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文通过体外酶解试验,考察木聚糖酶对豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖的降解效果,试图建立木聚糖酶与不同蛋白质饲料种类的定量关系.试验结果表明:①不同蛋白质饲料的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖的含量不同,豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕的总木聚糖含量分别为5.62%、6.56%和8.20%;水溶性木聚糖含量分别为0.35%、0.97%和0.84%;②不同来源的3种蛋白质饲料的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖含量变异较小.在适宜的水环境中,菜籽粕的水溶性木聚糖含量显著增加,豆粕和棉籽粕的水溶性木聚糖变化不大;③木聚糖酶对3种蛋白质饲料的总木聚糖均有显著降解作用,对水溶性木聚糖有一定的降解作用,其中对菜籽粕的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖的降解作用均较大;以总木聚糖酶为标识,结合考虑成本,豆粕、菜籽粕、棉籽粕的适宜添加木聚糖酶水平分别为1 000、1 000和1 500 U/kg. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献