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1.
Novel swine influenza virus subtype H3N1 in Italy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ana Moreno Ilaria Barbieri Enrica Sozzi Andrea Luppi Davide Lelli Guerino Lombardi Maria Grazia Zanoni Paolo Cordioli 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(3-4):361-367
To date, three subtypes of swine influenza viruses, H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 have been isolated in Italy. In 2006, a novel swine influenza virus subtype (H3N1) was isolated from coughing pigs. RT-PCR performed on lung tissues, experimental infection in pigs with the novel isolate, and cloning the virus by plaque assay confirmed this unique H and N combination. The novel isolate was also antigenically and genetically characterized. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis showed that the complete HA gene of the H3N1 strain has the highest nucleotide identity to three Italian H3N2 strains, one isolated in 2001 and two in 2004, whereas the full length NA sequence is closely related to three H1N1 subtype viruses isolated in Italy in 2004. The remaining genes are also closely related to respective genes found in H1N1 and H3N2 SIVs currently circulating in Italy. This suggests that the novel SIV could be a reassortant between the H3N2 and H1N1 SIVs circulating in Italy. 相似文献
2.
Moreno A Di Trani L Faccini S Vaccari G Nigrelli D Boniotti MB Falcone E Boni A Chiapponi C Sozzi E Cordioli P 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(3-4):472-477
Swine influenza monitoring programs have been in place in Italy since the 1990 s and from 2009 testing for the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus (H1N1pdm) was also performed on all the swine samples positive for type A influenza. This paper reports the isolation and genomic characterization of a novel H1N2 swine influenza reassortant strain from pigs in Italy that was derived from the H1N1pdm virus. In May 2010, mild respiratory symptoms were observed in around 10% of the pigs raised on a fattening farm in Italy. Lung homogenate taken from one pig showing respiratory distress was tested for influenza type A and H1N1pdm by two real time RT-PCR assays. Virus isolation was achieved by inoculation of lung homogenate into specific pathogen free chicken embryonated eggs (SPF CEE) and applied onto Caco-2 cells and then the complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed from the CEE isolate. The lung homogenate proved to be positive for both influenza type A (gene M) and H1N1pdm real time RT-PCRs. Virus isolation (A/Sw/It/116114/2010) was obtained from both SPF CEE and Caco-2 cells. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the genes of A/Sw/It/116114/2010, with the exception of neuraminidase (NA), belonged to the H1N1pdm cluster. The NA was closely related to two H1N2 double reassortant swine influenza viruses (SIVs), previously isolated in Sweden and Italy. NA sequences for these three strains were clustering with H3N2 SIVs. The emergence of a novel reassortant H1N2 strain derived from H1N1pdm in swine in Italy raises further concerns about whether these viruses will become established in pigs. The new reassortant not only represents a pandemic (zoonotic) threat but also has unknown livestock implications for the European swine industry. 相似文献
3.
Ana Moreno Elena Gabanelli Enrica Sozzi Davide Lelli Chiara Chiapponi Massimo Ciccozzi Gianguglielmo Zehender Paolo Cordioli 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):112
European H1N2 swine influenza viruses (EU H1N2SIVs) arose from multiple reassortment events among human H1N1, human H3N2, and avian influenza viruses. We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of 53 Italian H1N2 strains by comparing them with EU H1N2 SIVs. Hemagglutinin (HA) phylogeny revealed Italian strains fell into four groups: Group A and B (41 strains) had a human H1 similar to EU H1N2SIVs, which probably originated in 1986. However Group B (38 strains) formed a subgroup that had a two-amino acid deletion at positions 146/147 in HA. Group C (11 strains) contained an avian H1 that probably originated in 1996, and Group D (1 strain) had an H1 characteristic of the 2009 pandemic strain. Neuraminidase (NA) phylogeny suggested a series of genomic reassortments had occurred. Group A had an N2 that originated from human H3N2 in the late 1970s. Group B had different human N2 that most likely arose from a reassortment with the more recent human H3N2 virus, which probably occurred in 2000. Group C had an avian-like H1 combined with an N2 gene from one of EU H1N2SIVs, EU H3N2SIVs or Human H3N2. Group D was part of the EU H3N2SIVs clade. Although selection pressure for HA and NA was low, several positively selected sites were identified in both proteins, some of which were antigenic, suggesting selection influenced the evolution of SIV. The data highlight different evolutionary trends between European viruses and currently circulating Italian B strains and show the establishment of reassortant strains involving human viruses in Italian pigs. 相似文献
4.
Castellanos E Aranaz A de Juan L Dominguez L Linedale R Bull TJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,158(1-2):60-68
In October and November 2010, novel H1N2 reassortant influenza viruses were identified from pigs showing mild respiratory signs that included cough and depression. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel H1N2 reassortants possesses HA and NA genes derived from recent H1N2 swine isolates similar to those isolated from Midwest. Compared to the majority of reported reassortants, both viruses preserved human-like host restrictive and putative antigenic sites in their HA and NA genes. The four internal genes, PB2, PB1, PA, and NS were similar to the contemporary swine triple reassortant viruses' internal genes (TRIG). Interestingly, NP and M genes of the novel reassortants were derived from the 2009 pandemic H1N1. The NP and M proteins of the two isolates demonstrated one (E16G) and four (G34A, D53E, I109T, and V313I) amino acid changes in the M2 and NP proteins, respectively. Similar amino acid changes were also noticed upon incorporation of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 NP in other reassortant viruses reported in the U.S. Thus the role of those amino acids in relation to host adaptation need to be further investigated. The reassortments of pandemic H1N1 with swine influenza viruses and the potential of interspecies transmission of these reassortants from swine to other species including human indicate the importance of systematic surveillance of swine population to determine the origin, the prevalence of similar reassortants in the U.S. and their impact on both swine production and public health. 相似文献
5.
C. S. Kyriakis I. H. Brown E. Foni G. Kuntz‐Simon J. Maldonado F. Madec S. C. Essen C. Chiapponi K. Van Reeth 《Zoonoses and public health》2011,58(2):93-101
This study presents the results of the virological surveillance for swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in Belgium, UK, Italy, France and Spain from 2006 to 2008. Our major aims were to clarify the occurrence of the three SIV subtypes – H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 – at regional levels, to identify novel reassortant viruses and to antigenically compare SIVs with human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses. Lung tissue and/or nasal swabs from outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in pigs were investigated by virus isolation. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were determined using standard methods. Of the total 169 viruses, 81 were classified as ‘avian‐like’ H1N1, 36 as human‐like H3N2 and 47 as human‐like H1N2. Only five novel reassortant viruses were identified: two H1N1 viruses had a human‐like HA and three H1N2 viruses an avian‐like HA. All three SIV subtypes were detected in Belgium, Italy and Spain, while only H1N1 and H1N2 viruses were found in UK and Northwestern France. Cross‐hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with hyperimmune sera against selected older and recent human influenza viruses showed a strong antigenic relationship between human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses from the 1980s and H1N2 and H3N2 human‐like SIVs, confirming their common origin. However, antisera against human viruses isolated during the last decade did not react with currently circulating H1 or H3 SIVs, suggesting that especially young people may be, to some degree, susceptible to SIV infections. 相似文献
6.
Swine influenza virus (SIV) of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes are dominated in European pigs population. "Classical swine" H1N1 subtype was replaced by "avian-like" H1N1 subtype. It co-circulates with H3N2 reassortant possessing "avian" genes. In the present study, 41 SIV strains isolated from pigs with pneumonia, raised in 20 Polish farms, were identified and characterised. Since it was evidenced that isolates from the same geographic district and the same year of isolation are in 100% similar, 15 strains representing different district and different year of isolation were chosen to construct phylogenetic trees. Two genes, conservative matrix 1 (M1) and the most variable, haemagglutynin (HA), were sequenced and subjected into phylogenetic analysis. The results of the analysis confirmed that "avian-like" swine H1N1 strains evolved faster than classical SIV strains. HA gene of these isolates have been derived from contemporary strains of "avian-like" SIV. In contrast, the M1 gene segment may have originated from avian influenza viruses. H3N2 strain is located in swine cluster, in the main prevalent European group of H3N2 isolates called A/Port Chalmers/1/73-like Eurasian swine H3N2 lineage, which has evolved separately from the human H3N2 virus lineage around 1973. 相似文献
7.
《Veterinary microbiology》2015,175(2-4):356-361
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(HPAI) H5N1 viruses pose a serious pandemic threat due to their virulence and high mortality in humans, and their increasingly expanding host range and significant ongoing evolution could enhance their human-to-human transmissibility. Recently, various reassortant viruses were detected in different domestic poultry, with the HA gene derived from the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96-like (Gs/GD-like) lineage and the NA gene from influenza viruses of other subtypes. It is reported that some natural reassortant H5N5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses were isolated from poultry in China. And their HA genes were belonged to a new clade 2.3.4.4. We evaluated the receptor binding property and transmissibility in guinea pigs of these reassortant H5N5 HPAIVs. The results showed that these viruses bound to both avian-type (α-2,3) and human-type (α-2,6) receptors. In addition, we found that one of these viruses, 031, not only replicated but also transmitted efficiently in guinea pigs. Therefore, such reassortant influenza viruses may pose a pandemic threat. 相似文献
8.
The newly emerging canine influenza virus (CIV) causes considerable concerns for both veterinary and public health. During 2009-2010, six strains of H3N2 influenza virus were isolated from dogs in Jiangsu Province, China. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of eight gene segments revealed that the six viruses were most similar to a recent canine-derived subtype H3N2 influenza virus isolated in cats from South Korea, which originated from avian strain. By comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the six Jiangsu isolates against the most similar avian strains, we found that all isolates had several common mutations at the receptor-binding sites, potential glycosylation sites and cleavage site in HA1, and antigenic sites in both the HA1 and NA segments. Significantly, a unique two amino acid insertion in the NA stalk was found. Experimental infection of BALB/c mice revealed that viral RNA could be detected in the major rodent organs, such as brain, heart, spleen, kidney, liver and intestine, as well as the lung. All the sampled organs from infected mice showed significant lesions and viral antigen staining. This study highlights the potential of domesticated animals to become a reservoir for influenza virus and the need for surveillance programs to detect cross-species transmission. 相似文献
9.
10.
De Marco MA Campitelli L Foni E Raffini E Barigazzi G Delogu M Guberti V Di Trani L Tollis M Donatelli I 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,98(3-4):197-208
We report the results of a 6-year serological and virological monitoring performed in ducks and coots in Italy, in order to assess the degree of influenza A virus circulation in these birds during wintering. A total of 1039 sera collected from 1992 to 1998 was screened by a double antibody sandwich blocking ELISA (NP-ELISA): seroprevalence of antibodies to influenza A viruses was significantly higher in ducks compared to coots (52.2% vs. 7.1%, respectively). The hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay, performed on NP-ELISA positive sera, showed that 16.9% of these duck sera and 33.3% of these coot sera had antibodies to at least one influenza virus HA subtype: ducks showed HI antibodies against most of the HA subtypes, except for the H3, H4, H7, and H12; coots were seropositive to the H3 and H10 subtypes, only. From 1993 to 1998, 22 virus strains were obtained from 802 cloacal swabs, with an overall virus isolation frequency of 2.7%. Viruses belonging to the H1N1 subtype were by far the most commonly circulating strains (18/22) and were isolated mainly from ducks (17/18). The remaining viruses were representative of the H10N8, H5N2 and H3N8 subtypes. Our data indicate some differences between influenza A virus circulation in sympatric ducks and coots and a significant antigenic diversity between some reference strains and viruses recently isolated in Italy. 相似文献
11.
猪流感病毒H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型多重RT-PCR诊断方法的建立 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
对我国分离到的猪流感病毒和GenBank数据库中已有的猪流感病毒H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型毒株的HA、NA基因核苷酸序列进行分析,分别选出各个病毒亚型HA和NA基因中高度保守且特异的核苷酸区域,设计扩增猪流感病毒H1和H3、N1和N2亚型的2套多重PCR特异性引物,建立了猪流感H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型病毒多重RT-PCR诊断方法。采用该方法对H1N1、H1N2、H3N2亚型猪流感病毒标准参考株进行RT-PCR检测,结果均呈阳性,对扩增得到的片段进行序列测定和BLAST比较,表明为目的基因片段。其它几种常见猪病病毒和其它亚型猪流感病毒的RT-PCR扩增结果都呈阴性。对107EID50/0.1mL病毒进行稀释,提取RNA进行敏感性试验,RT-PCR最少可检测到102EID50的病毒量核酸。对40份阳性临床样品的检测结果是H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型分别为16份、1份和20份,其它3份样品同时含有H1N1和H3N2亚型猪流感病毒,和鸡胚分离病毒结果100%一致。试验证明建立的猪流感病毒H1N1、H1N2和H3N2亚型多重RT-PCR诊断方法是一种特异敏感的诊断方法,可用于临床样品的早期快速诊断和分型。 相似文献
12.
Ali Reza Homayounimehr Habibollah Dadras Abdolhamid Shoushtari Seyyed Ali Pourbakhsh 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1291-1297
To determine the genetic relationship of Iranian viruses, the haemagglutinin (HA) genes from ten isolates of H9N2 viruses
isolated from commercial chickens in Iran during 1998–2002 were amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic
studies were conducted by comparing each isolate with those of the available H9N2 strains at GenBank. All these ten isolates
had the same sequence –R-S-S-R/G-L– of proteolytic cleavage site of the HA. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of HA gene from
Iranian isolates showed 95.2–99.1% identity within the group. Five isolates had leucine (L) at position 226 instead of glutamine
(Q). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all our isolates belonged to the G1-like sublineage. Also these isolates showed some
degree of homology with other H9N2 isolates e.g., 94.3–96.9% with qu/HK/G1/97, 96.1–98.6% with pa/Chiba/1/97, 95.6–98.2% with
pa/Narita/92A/98, and 94.0–96.3% with HK/1073/99. On the basis of phylogenetic and molecular characterization evidence, we
concluded that the H9N2 subtype influenza viruses circulating in chicken flocks in Iran since 1998–2002 had a common origin.
The results of this study indicated that all Iranian viruses have the potential to emerge as highly pathogenic influenza virus,
and considering the homology of these isolates with human H9N2 strains, it seems that the potential of these avian influenza
isolates to infect human should not be overlooked. 相似文献
13.
Development of vaccine strains of H5 and H7 influenza viruses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soda K Sakoda Y Isoda N Kajihara M Haraguchi Y Shibuya H Yoshida H Sasaki T Sakamoto R Saijo K Hagiwara J Kida H 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2008,55(2-3):93-98
To establish vaccine strains of H5 and H7 influenza viruses, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/04 (H5N1) [Vac-1/04 (H5N1)], A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/07 (H5N1) [Vac-3/07 (H5N1)], and A/duck/Hokkaido/ Vac-2/04 (H7N7) [Vac-2/04 (H7N7)] were generated from non-pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory ducks. Vac-1/04 (H5N1) and Vac-3/07 (H5N1) were generated by genetic reassortment between H5N2 or H5N3 virus as an HA gene provider and H7N1 or H6N1 viruses as an NA gene provider. Vac-2/04 (H7N7) was a genetic reassortant obtained using H7N7 and H9 N2 viruses to give high growth character of the H9N2 virus in chicken embryonated eggs. The results of sequence analyses and experimental infections revealed that these H5N1 and H7N7 reassortant viruses were non-pathogenic in chickens and embryos, and had good growth potential in embryonated eggs. These viruses should be useful to develop vaccines against H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. 相似文献
14.
为进一步了解福建省H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的基因遗传进化关系,本研究将福建省2011年分离的毒株FZ-04、FZ-11与GenBank上登录的2000～2011年福建省分离的H9N2毒株及国内外典型代表株进行HA、NA基因的序列比对和遗传进化分析。结果表明,分离株FZ-04和FZ-11的HA基因与CK/FJ/G9/09株核苷酸同源性最高,属于国内常见的CK/BJ/1/94亚系。HA裂解位点处的氨基酸序列为-PSRSSR/GL-,符合低致病性禽流感病毒的分子特征。NA基因在遗传进化关系上呈现独立的分支,与CK/FJ/10954/05毒株核苷酸序列同源性最高,属于CK/HK/G9/97亚系,且NA基因推导的469个氨基酸序列中没有缺失。同时,从HA和NA基因的遗传进化树上可知,2000～2011年福建省H9N2禽流感病毒进化相对比较稳定,可能有一个共同的起源。 相似文献
15.
2007-2008年从吉林省某猪场采集疑似流感发病猪的鼻咽拭子,经病毒分离鉴定获得3株H3N2亚型流感病毒,分别命名为A/swine/Jilin/5/2007（Sw/Jilin/5/07）、A/swine/Jilin/19/2007（Sw/Jilin/19/07）、A/swine/Jilin/37/2008（Sw/Jilin/37/08）。HA进化树分析结果表明：3株H3N2亚型流感病毒属于近代人源病毒谱系;但是在NA进化树中,Sw/Jilin/37/08株与早期人源和近代人源关系密切,暗示它可能是早期人源和近代人源H3N2亚型猪流感病毒之间的过渡毒株,进一步证实猪在流感病毒种间传播过程中充当＂中间宿主＂作用。 相似文献
16.
Schweiger B 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(3-4):167-178
Influenza A (H3N2) viruses and influenza B viruses have caused more than 90% of influenza infections in Germany during the last then years. Continuous and extensive antigenic variation was evident for both the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins of H3N2 and influenza B viruses. Molecular characterisation revealed an ongoing genetic drift even in years when the antigenic profiles of circulating strains were indistinguishable from those of the previous season. Retrospective phylogenetic studies showed that viruses similar to vaccine strains circulated one or two years before a given strain was recommended as vaccine strain. New drift variants of H3N2 viruses with significantly changed antigenic features appeared during the seasons 1997/1998 and 2002/2003. Most influenza seasons were characterised by a co-circulation of at least two different lineages of H3N2 viruses. Genetic reassortment between H3N2 viruses belonging to separate lineages caused the different evolutionary pathways of the HA and viruses was responsible for the occurrence of H1N2 viruses during the season 2001/02. This new subtype has been detected only sporadically in Germany. The evolution of influenza B viruses was characterised by the re-emergence of B/Victoria/2/87-lineage viruses and their co-circulation with viruses of the B/Yamagata/16/88-lineage. Reassortant B viruses possessing a Victoria/87-lineage HA and a Yamagata/88-like NA were predominant in Germany during 2002/03 and 2004/05. 相似文献
17.
Marie Ren Gramer Jee Hoon Lee Young Ki Choi Sagar M. Goyal Han Soo Joo 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2007,71(3):201-206
The H3N2 subtype of influenza A viruses isolated from pigs in the United States and Canada has shown both genetic and antigenic diversity. The objective of this study was to determine the serologic and genetic characteristics of contemporary strains of these viruses. Genetic analysis of 18 reference strains and 8 selected strains demonstrated differences in 1% to 9% of the nucleotides of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene revealed 3 genetic clusters, as well as divergence of cluster III viruses from a cluster III prototype virus (A/Swine/Illinois/21587/99). By means of 1-way cross-hemagglutination inhibition with antiserum against 5 field isolates and 3 vaccine viruses, most of 97 isolates tested could be placed in 1 of 3 serogroups. The several isolates that did not react with any antiserum were in genetic cluster III, which suggests that continuous antigenic drift in cluster III may have resulted in virus variants. The efficacy of commercial vaccines against these virus variants should be evaluated with vaccination and challenge studies. 相似文献
18.
Ebrahim Kord Amir Kaffashi Hadi Ghadakchi Fatemeh Eshratabadi Zakaria Bameri Abdelhamed Shoushtari 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(3):549-554
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is causing the death of a large number of wild birds and poultry. HPAI H5N1 was reported in the north of Iran in 2011. In this study, two A/Chicken/Iran/271/2011 and A/Duck/Iran/178/2011 viruses were genetically characterized by sequence analysis of Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these viruses were different from previous Iranian isolates (Clade 2.2) and belonged to the subclade 2.3.2.1. The results showed that the detected viruses are almost identical to each other and closely related to HPAI H5N1 strains isolated in Mongolia in 2010. Based on the amino acid sequence analysis, these viruses at their HA cleavage sites contained the multibasic amino acid motif PQRERRRK-R/GLF lacking a lysine residue compared with the previous reports of the same motif. There is also a 20-amino acid deletion (resides 49–69) in the NA stalk similar to other viruses isolated after 2000. It seems that introduction of HPAI H5N1 to Iran might have happened by wild birds from Mongolian origin virus. 相似文献
19.
为了开发用于南方水禽且适合血清学监测的H5亚型禽流感疫苗,作者通过反向遗传技术,删除A/mallard/Huadong/S/2005(H5N1,S株)病毒HA编码多碱性氨基酸序列,使之成为低致病特征,分别与A/duck/England/1/1956(H11N6,E株)和A/Chicken/Shanghi/F/98(H9N2,F株)的NA组合,再以本室禽源高产病毒F株的6个内部片段为骨架,构建全部基因都来自禽流感的疫苗株.成功拯救出2株重组病毒,分别命名为rH5N6/F和rH5N2/F,并引入分子标记N6和N2.重组病毒在鸡胚和MDCK细胞上均具有较好的繁殖能力,且rH5N6/F更适合在鸡胚中生产,对SPF鸡和鸡胚无致病性.重组病毒在clade2.3.4毒株中具有很好的抗原代表性,引入的分子标记有利于血清学监测的区分,为防控水禽H5亚型禽流感提供了良好的疫苗候选株. 相似文献
20.
本研究利用血凝抑制试验(HI)、反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、基因测序等方法,对广东省某活禽交易市场进行流行病学调查时获得的两株非H5、H9亚型禽流感病毒65株和C7株进行了亚型鉴定。结果表明这两株病毒均具有血凝活性,且能被抗H6亚型禽流感病毒标准阳性血清特异性抑制。用针对禽流感病毒的M基因、H6亚型禽流感病毒HA基因、N2亚型禽流感病毒NA基因特异性鉴定引物对65株和C7株进行RT-PCR扩增,分别获得特异性目的片段。测序及BLAST分析表明两株分离株与H6N2亚型禽流感广东分离株的HA基因和NA基因核苷酸序列相似性均高达95%以上。将该两分离株鉴定为H6N2亚型禽流感病毒,并命名为A/Chicken/Guangdong/65/2009、A/Chicken/Guangdong/C7/2009。 相似文献